• Toluid Civil War Mongolia under Qing rule Manchuria under Yuan rule Korea under Yuan rule Tibet under Yuan rule Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia History of Mongolia The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, by Denis C. Twitchett, Herbert Franke, John King Fairbank, p546 Yuan shi, 31. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism began to spread in Mongolia, being further led by the Manchu -founded Qing dynasty , which absorbed the country in the 17th century. (infogalactic.com)
  • During the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongols established the Temporary Government of Khalkha on November 30, 1911. (infogalactic.com)
  • [10] [11] After the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongolia declared independence , and achieved actual independence from the Republic of China in 1921. (webot.org)
  • While Galdan was preventing in Eastern Mongolia, his nephew Tseveenravdan seized the Dzungarian throne in 1689 and this event made Galdan inconceivable to fight against the Qing Empire. (akararitim.com)
  • During the Toluid Civil War, Mongolia was controlled by Ariq Böke, a younger brother of Kublai Khan. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fact, in order to maintain his claim as the Great Khan, Kublai Khan made significant efforts to control and restore peace in Mongolia after the Toluid Civil War. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the Kaidu-Kublai war which lasted a few decades, Kaidu, the de facto ruler of the Chagatai Khanate, tried to take control of Mongolia from Kublai Khan. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire , and his grandson Kublai Khan conquered China to establish the Yuan dynasty . (infogalactic.com)
  • His grandson Kublai Khan conquered China proper and established the Yuan dynasty . (webot.org)
  • The Chinese Khanate fell to Kublai Khan - Moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing - Declared the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) - Conquered the rest of China including the Southern Song Dynasty in 1279. (slideum.com)
  • The Mongols came from the Mongolian steppe, and Karakorum was the capital of the Mongol Empire until 1260. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even though Karakorum was no longer the empire's capital and Mongolia had partially lost its importance by now, as homeland of the Mongols, it still had a strong influence both politically and militarily over other parts of the empire. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the collapse of the Yuan, the Mongols retreated to Mongolia and resumed their earlier pattern of factional conflict, except during the era of Dayan Khan and Tumen Zasagt Khan . (infogalactic.com)
  • The name Mongolia means the "Land of the Mongols " in Latin. (webot.org)
  • The Mongols who fled to the Buryat area and Inner Mongolia returned after the warfare. (akararitim.com)
  • The Yuan dynasty grew to become weaker and the Mongols started shedding control over khanates in Russia, Central Asia and the Middle East. (akararitim.com)
  • The intelligent rebels used the harmless-trying moon cakes to give instructions to the Chinese rise and massacre the Mongols at the time of the complete moon in August 1368. (akararitim.com)
  • Upon Genghis Khan's death in 1227, the Mongols controlled a huge state encompassing Mongolia, Central Asia, Northern, and Western China. (slideum.com)
  • When Muhammad II of Khwarazm ordered a contingent of merchants, dispatched by the Mongols, to be killed, Genghis Khan declared war on the Anushtegin dynasty in 1219. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the Mongol expedition, Azerbaijan and the southern Persian dynasties in Fars and Kerman voluntarily submitted to the Mongols and agreed to pay tribute. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Mongols [a] are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia , Inner Mongolia ( China ), and Buryatia ( Russia ). (alquds.edu)
  • The Oirats in Western Mongolia as well as the Buryats and Kalmyks of Russia are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or subgroups of Mongols. (alquds.edu)
  • After the capture of the Yuan capital by the Ming dynasty founded by Han Chinese in 1368, the last Yuan emperor Toghon Temür fled north to Shangdu, then to Yingchang and died there in 1370. (wikipedia.org)
  • Karakorum (Qaraqorum, Qara Qorum, Kara Korum, Khara Khorum, Kharkhorin), located in the Orkhon Valley of Mongolia, served as the capital of the Mongol Empire from 1235 to 1260, or the period of the United Mongol Empire. (oxfordre.com)
  • Not until the reign of his son, Ögödei Qa'an (r. 1229-1241), the second ruler of the Mongol Empire, did the true city of Karakorum appear. (oxfordre.com)
  • By the 10th century, the Kitans had control of most of Manchuria, eastern Mongolia and much of China north of the Yellow River. (tripod.com)
  • Based on Chinese historical texts the ancestry of the Mongolic peoples can be traced back to the Donghu , a nomadic confederation occupying eastern Mongolia and Manchuria . (alquds.edu)
  • The Mongolian homeland became the ruling center of the Northern Yuan dynasty, which would last until the 17th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Mongolian Plateau is where the ruling Mongol Borjigin clan of the Yuan dynasty came from, thus it enjoyed a somewhat special status during the Yuan dynasty, although the capital of the dynasty had been moved from Karakorum to Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) since the beginning of Kublai Khan's reign, and Mongolia had been converted into a regular province, known as the Lingbei Province (Chinese: 嶺北行省), by the early 14th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Shortly after the enthronement of Külüg Khan, Mongolia was put under the Karakorum Branch Secretariat (和林等處行中書省) or simply the Karakorum province (和林行省), although parts of Inner Mongolia were still governed by the Zhongshu Sheng. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Donghu are mentioned by Sima Qian as already existing in Inner Mongolia north of Yan in 699-632 BCE along with the Shanrong . (alquds.edu)
  • After Kublai's victory over Ariq Böke, the Yuan dynasty was founded in China in 1271, and both North China and Mongolia were put within the Central Region (腹裏) directly governed by the Zhongshu Sheng of the Yuan at the capital Khanbaliq (Dadu). (wikipedia.org)
  • There were many Mongolian princes concentrated in the Mongolian steppe, whose influence extended into the Yuan capital. (wikipedia.org)
  • After Kublai Khan's death in 1294, Temür, who previously garrisoned in Mongolia, returned to the Yuan capital to become the next ruler of the empire. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is the capital of Mongolia and the biggest city in the country with almost 1.5 million people living there. (correctmongolia.com)
  • Greatly expanded the empire and built new capital at Karakorum. (slideum.com)
  • Having discovered the vulnerabilities of Karakorum during his rise to power, Qubilai determined to ensure the security of his reign by moving the capital to his domain in North China. (oxfordre.com)
  • It remained so, though Karakorum experienced a brief revival as a capital after 1368 with the Northern Yuan Empire. (oxfordre.com)
  • The Uighurs, after taking control of Mongolia, went on to help out the ailing Tang rulers of China, sving them from an internal revolt. (tripod.com)
  • By 1945, Soviet refused to support them after its alliance with the Communist Party of China and Mongolia interrupted its relations with the separatists beneath stress. (akararitim.com)
  • With a population of perhaps ten thousand people within the walled area, Karakorum could not compare with the metropolises of China nor Baghdad. (oxfordre.com)
  • Early Chinese manuscripts refer to 'Turkic-speaking peoples' living in what we now call Mongolia as early as the 4th or 5th century BC. (tripod.com)
  • The name 'Mongol' was first recorded by the Chinese during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). (tripod.com)
  • At that time, Mongolia was dominated by the Uighurs, a Turkic people who built several cities and who presently make their home in the Chinese province of Xinjiang. (tripod.com)
  • Large elements of Mongolia itself were absorbed into the Chinese empire. (akararitim.com)
  • We've made some observations about Mongolia and have discovered many variations between the Chinese and Mongolian cultures, folks and customs. (akararitim.com)
  • Unofficial Chinese sources such as Yi Zhou Shu ("Lost Book of Zhou") [21] and the Classic of Mountains and Seas [22] project the Donghu's activities back to the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BCE). (alquds.edu)
  • The Yuan dynasty ruled over the Mongolian Plateau, including both Inner and Outer Mongolia as well as part of southern Siberia, between 1271 and 1368. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blue Mongolia Complex ( in Erdenet there is an opportunity to view the marvels of 21 Mongolian provinces all at once! (correctmongolia.com)
  • The Kyrgyz' lasting legacy in Mongolia is the downward flowing script - the Secret History epic and all subsequent Mongolian texts were written in this script until Stalin intervened in the 1940s. (tripod.com)
  • The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires , including the Xiongnu , the Xianbei , the Rouran , the Turkic Khaganate , and others. (infogalactic.com)
  • The western extremity of Mongolia is only 23 km (14 mi) from Kazakhstan , and this area can resemble a quadripoint when viewed on a map. (webot.org)
  • Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea , and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe , with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. (webot.org)
  • While they do not share a border, Mongolia is separated from Kazakhstan by only 36.76 kilometres (22.84 mi). (infogalactic.com)
  • His descendants, collectively known as the Riurikid dynasty, oversaw the growth of Kievan Rus' into a complex federation of principalities, populated mainly by sedentary agriculturalists but also benefiting from urban commerce linked to broad intercontinental trade networks. (oxfordre.com)
  • During his rule, Külüg, who would become the third Yuan emperor after Temür's death, was sent to Mongolia to assume command of an army that defended the western front of the Yuan against Kaidu and other princes of Central Asia under him. (wikipedia.org)
  • The establishment of the province in Mongolia decreased the importance of the princes in the steppe region, but it did not prevent the seizure of the throne by Yesün Temür in 1323 as a "steppe candidate" in close collaboration with the conspirators in Gegeen Khan's court. (wikipedia.org)
  • At 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the 19th largest and one of the most sparsely populated independent countries in the world, with a population of around 3 million people. (infogalactic.com)
  • First, let's look at the chart of the largest cities in Mongolia, based on population. (correctmongolia.com)
  • Darkhan is the third largest city in Mongolia. (correctmongolia.com)
  • After all, the Yuan court needed the allegiance of the Mongol aristocracy as a whole even when it was forced to strike against individual members. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the court remained mobile and moved periodically through the Orkhon Valley, the city of Karakorum served as a constant destination for merchants, missionaries, diplomats, and others who sought to interact with the Mongol court. (oxfordre.com)
  • Using materials from the ruins of Karakorum, the monastery was built on the site of Ögödei Qa'an's palace. (oxfordre.com)
  • The modern city of Kharkorin is adjacent to the monastery and site of medieval Karakorum and houses a museum dedicated to the historical city, while archaeological work continues on the site. (oxfordre.com)
  • After the civil war Tugh Temür abdicated in favor of his older brother Kusala, who enthroned himself on February 27, 1329 north of Karakorum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Civil wars throughout the 1340s and finally, the dynasty was overthrown by Zhu Yuanzhang in 1368. (slideum.com)
  • The Uighurs continued to control most of Mongolia until 840 AD, when they were defeated by the Kyrgyz, who now live in Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. (tripod.com)
  • [12] After the anti-Communist revolutions of 1989 , Mongolia conducted its own peaceful democratic revolution in early 1990. (infogalactic.com)