Jeffreys dna fingerprinting. Medical search. Frequent questions

Alec Jeffreys, at the University of Leicester in England, produced the first DNA fingerprints in the mid-1980's. (wikisummaries.org)
The initial technique used for DNA fingerprinting, developed by British geneticist Alec Jeffreys in the late 1970s (and initially primarily used for paternity testing), was called restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis. (worldsciencefestival.com)
Alec Jeffreys (the "inventor" of DNA fingerprinting) explains repeats. (cshl.edu)
Alec Jeffreys talks about how he came up with the name. (cshl.edu)
In 1984, Alec Jeffreys produced the first DNA fingerprint. (cshl.edu)
Alec Jeffreys and DNA fingerprinting. (consumerchoicecenter.org)
Honorary Fellow Sir Alec Jeffreys, the inventor of DNA fingerprinting, who last year featured at the Society's fundraising event, was made a Companion of Honour, one of the highest accolades in the commonwealth. (rsb.org.uk)
DNA fingerprinting was discovered by Dr. Alec Jeffreys in 1984 at the University of Leicester, UK. (biologywala.com)
Leicestershire is an English non-metropolitan county where DNA fingerprinting was discovered, specifically at the University of Leicester by Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984. (keyschools.co.uk)
Developed in 1984 by Sir Alec Jeffreys in England, DNA fingerprinting is the method by which DNA is analyzed as a unique identifier for every human being. (yeucothe.com)
Based on the extraordinary true story of Alec Jeffreys' discovery of DNA fingerprinting and its first use by Detective Chief Superintendent David Baker in catching a double murderer. (serialeonline.biz)
Yet, it was not until the discovery of DNA fingerprinting by Prof. Alec Jeffreys (now Sir Alec) of Leicester University in 1984 when the first practical testing system became available. (mitchelstownfest.com)
In 1985, Oxford-trained Professor Alec Jeffreys used the fingerprint of DNA minisatellites in human tissue, first to establish an indisputable parental relationship in a deportation case, then to use traces of semen from two murder-rape victims to establish both who their real killer was and to exonerate an innocent accused. (jwlbooks.com)
Its first ever use, led by its devisor Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester back in 1986, was in a double-murder case. (significancemagazine.com)
In 1984, geneticist Alec Jeffreys made a scientific breakthrough by producing the world's first DNA fingerprint. (dynamicdnalabs.com)
Prof. Sir Alec Jeffreys, the Debbie Downer of unfounded serial killer identity speculation. (mhpbooks.com)
It brings in the criticism of multiple notable scientists in the DNA field, including none other than the inventor of genetic fingerprinting and multiple honorific holder Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys himself, who calmly explains that Louhelainen isn't just a bad scientist, he's also a bad mathematician. (mhpbooks.com)
That's when Alec Jeffreys and his colleagues in England first demonstrated the use of DNA in a criminal investigation. (howstuffworks.com)
Previous featured guests include the discoverer of the DNA fingerprint, [1] Alec Jeffreys , the Astronomer Royal Sir Martin Rees , and the co-discoverer of DNA structure, James D. Watson . (podpedia.org)
IN 1985, Professor Alec Jeffreys of Britain's Leicester University discovered the technique for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) profiling and storing. (thenutgraph.com)

The first time DNA testing was used for identity purposes was in the landmark immigration case Sarbah vs. Home Office (1985). (mitchelstownfest.com)
Until 1985 only a very few scientists even knew of the existence of DNA. (jwlbooks.com)

The judge argued that DNA forensic identification techniques were widely accepted by the scientific community, but the individual lab's techniques in the case were called into question. (protomag.com)
Family History with DNA Detective Professor Turi King will see you uncover how DNA has revolutionised genealogy and forensics, reveal how our unique DNA identifies us and our families and discuss how you led the team who cracked one of the biggest forensic DNA cases in history - the identification of King Richard III. (theatrefullstop.com)
There is a considerably higher probability of two random individuals sharing the same mitochondrial DNA profile than sharing the same standard forensic (autosomal DNA) profile. (significancemagazine.com)
Collecting and analyzing DNA evidence tops the list of the lab's forensic toolkit, and its ubiquity in shows like 'CSI' and 'Cold Case' has increased public awareness to the point that many jurors in real-world courtrooms expect to see DNA evidence presented -- whether a case calls for it or not. (howstuffworks.com)
There are many areas of forensics such as: forensic toxicology, genetic fingerprinting, and forensic pathology. (studymode.com)

Dr Turi King, the geneticist on the University of Leicester team, has confirmed the match of mitochondrial DNA. (significancemagazine.com)

Dr Sanger's method was used to determine the sequence of human DNA, and was the most widely used analysis method in the early 1980s. (ukri.org)
In the early 1980s, the United States enacted laws that required offenders convicted of sexual offenses and other violent crimes to provide DNA samples. (thenutgraph.com)

Theoretically it is therefore possible to use these genetic differences, in the form of DNA sequences, to identify individuals or link samples of blood, hair, and other features to a single individual. (wikisummaries.org)
These regions, termed hypervariable, are typically based on repeat sequences in the DNA. (wikisummaries.org)
Once collected from an individual, the DNA was cut using restriction enzymes to create DNA fragments that contained the repeat sequences. (wikisummaries.org)
At the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Dr Frederick Sanger developed a way to work out the exact sequences of bases in DNA. (ukri.org)
Then a few years ago French, American, Finnish, Dutch and Chinese scientists turned this insight into a device for neatly snipping out specific sequences of DNA from a genome in any species, opening up the prospect of neatly rewriting DNA to prevent disease or alter crops. (consumerchoicecenter.org)
It involves analyzing unique DNA sequences to establish individual genetic identity. (biologywala.com)
The principle of DNA fingerprinting is a fundamental concept that underlies the entire process of identifying individuals based on their unique DNA sequences. (biologywala.com)
The starting point of the principle is the existence of regions within an individual's DNA that exhibit a pattern of repeating sequences of nucleotides. (biologywala.com)
PCR is a method that enables the selective amplification of specific DNA sequences. (biologywala.com)
Paul Berg (US) for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA and Walter Gilbert (US) and Frederick Sanger (GB) for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (deltastate.edu)
Instead they have produced DNA sequences from only some parts of the mitochondrial molecule. (significancemagazine.com)

Minisatellites, like the Jeffreys repeat, include repeat units ranging from about twelve to several hundred bases in length. (wikisummaries.org)

1992 In Technology The first Nicotine patch is introduced to help stop smoking and DNA Fingerprinting is Invented. (classcreator.com)

This meant that small samples, such as individual hairs or tiny blood stains, could not be used, and also that it was difficult to store DNA fingerprints for use in future investigations. (wikisummaries.org)
DNA profiling is crucial in criminal investigations. (biologywala.com)
Before you start reading about fascinating crime scene investigations and riddle solving, you might be interested in how the success story of the genetic fingerprint started. (fgih.co.uk)
This is what makes DNA evidence so valuable in investigations -- it's almost impossible for someone else to have DNA that is identical to yours. (howstuffworks.com)

DNA profiling, DNA fingerprinting. (cshl.edu)
DNA profiling is used for diagnosing genetic diseases and identifying carriers of genetic disorders. (biologywala.com)
Mitochondrial DNA would not normally be the first choice for DNA profiling. (significancemagazine.com)
DNA profiling evidence in courtrooms has a reputation as an infallible identifier of individuals. (significancemagazine.com)
That said, DNA profiling has achieved remarkable results. (significancemagazine.com)
And perhaps more importantly, mitochondrial DNA doesn't have the discriminatory power of standard DNA profiling. (significancemagazine.com)
Genetic Fingerprinting or sometimes called DNA profiling is a method to define individual DNA characteristics for one person. (fgih.co.uk)
Malaysia is a relatively late entrant into the DNA profiling and storing scene. (thenutgraph.com)
But it was only in the 90s that legislative guidelines for the setting up of a central DNA database called the Combined DNA Index System (Codis) and profiling procedures were put into place. (thenutgraph.com)
So though DNA profiling is actively used in the US, there's a strict protocol that is followed, with enough regulations built in to ensure that civil society concerns about privacy are addressed. (thenutgraph.com)

in humans, for example, well over 99 percent of all the DNA is identical. (wikisummaries.org)
By analyzing multiple STR loci, the resulting DNA profile becomes highly distinctive, making it exceedingly improbable for two unrelated individuals to have identical profiles. (biologywala.com)
If DNA patterns between the samples are identical, then they are likely to come from the same person. (mitchelstownfest.com)
Unless you have an identical twin, your DNA is unique to you. (howstuffworks.com)

Colin Pitchfork might not be as recognizable a name as Ted Bundy or Jeffrey Dahmer, but he does occupy a certain significance in the annals of crime: He is the first person to be convicted based on DNA fingerprinting, apprehended for the rape and murder of two young girls in 1986 after being betrayed by the bodily fluids he had left at the scene. (worldsciencefestival.com)

Among eukaryotes (humans, animals, and plants), DNA is stored in the nucleus and in specific organelles (such as mitochondria and chloroplasts). (dnaforensics.in)

The type of sequence Jeffreys exploited is now included in the category of variable number tandem repeats Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). (wikisummaries.org)
DNA-based testing methods have evolved over the years, but they still use DNA repeats as the basis for building a DNA profile. (cshl.edu)
He found that certain regions of DNA, known as short tandem repeats (STRs), exhibit high variability between individuals. (biologywala.com)
This principle revolves around the variability of certain DNA regions, specifically the Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), which are integral to creating distinctive DNA profiles for each individual. (biologywala.com)
This variation creates the diversity observed among people, as each person might have a different number of repeats in these specific DNA regions. (biologywala.com)

Currently seen on the BBC's DNA Family Secrets , Professor Turi King has played a significant role in the fields of forensics, history, genealogy and archaeology - her contribution to the identification of King Richard III a vital finding that has gone onto showcase the power of forensics, tying us ever closer to our personal lineages. (theatrefullstop.com)
Legal orders for DNA Forensics Laboratory Pvt. (dnaforensics.in)

That led mid-20th-century researchers to suspect that cancer risk could be encoded in the DNA. (insidescience.org)
Leicester University's Alec J. Jeffreys -who coined the term "DNA fingerprints"-used DNA to show that a 17-year-old suspect had not committed two rape-murders in the English Midlands, though he had confessed to one of them. (protomag.com)
DNA left at crime scenes, such as blood or hair, can be compared with suspect DNA to identify potential perpetrators. (biologywala.com)
For civil cases, DNA testing is predominantly used to determine relationship between individuals while for criminal cases a crime scene stain has to be matched to the suspect. (mitchelstownfest.com)
Edwards dropped an undisclosed sum on the shawl at auction, had the blood tested by a scientist for DNA which allegedly matched that of a familial descendent of known Ripper suspect Aaron Kosminsky . (mhpbooks.com)
All it takes is a few cells to obtain enough DNA information to identify a suspect with near certainty. (howstuffworks.com)
In cases where a suspect is identified, a sample of that persons DNA can be compared to evidence from the crime scene. (studymode.com)

This discovery formed the basis for the principle of DNA fingerprinting. (biologywala.com)
Since its discovery 20 years ago, the use of DNA for human identity and relationship testing has emerged as a powerful tool in both civil and criminal justice systems. (mitchelstownfest.com)
In our last blog, Dynamic DNA Labs looked at the initial discovery of DNA. (dynamicdnalabs.com)
The discovery of the DNA structure and the achievements of molecular biology have reaffirmed Boveri's theory and given technological support to developments in this field. (jcancer.org)

DNA fingerprinting is used to determine biological relationships, such as parentage. (biologywala.com)
By comparing the DNA profiles of an alleged parent and child, it can be established whether they share a biological relationship. (biologywala.com)
UK Child Support Agency extensively uses DNA testing for establishing who the biological parent of the child is for purposes of providing child maintenance and support. (mitchelstownfest.com)
He published his case study of DNA in "Positive Identification of an Immigration Test Case Using Human DNA Fingerprints" in the journal Nature, bringing to the public's attention that DNA identifies the biological uniqueness of each human scientifically and thereby can prove both who people are and who they are not. (jwlbooks.com)
At the heart of DNA evidence is the biological molecule itself, which serves as an instruction manual and blueprint for everything in your body (see How Cells Work for details). (howstuffworks.com)
Our first step in exploring DNA evidence is the crime scene -- and the biological evidence gathered there by detectives. (howstuffworks.com)

For identification or verification of large numbers of persons, today automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) are used. (fidis.net)
DNA analysis has now superseded blood testing and is the most accurate method currently available for human identification. (mitchelstownfest.com)
It took seven years before the DNA Identification Bill was finally tabled in parliament on 18 Aug 2008, stirring up a variety of responses in the Dewan. (thenutgraph.com)
In 1994, the US enacted its DNA Identification Act and scrapped the need for fingerprint identification. (thenutgraph.com)
The Malaysian DNA Identification Bill, on the other hand, pays scant regard to such concerns. (thenutgraph.com)
DNA identification is a great tool in solving crime. (thenutgraph.com)
In the US and the UK, DNA identification has helped solve thousands of cases. (thenutgraph.com)

Two or three of the DNA fragments detected by one probe showed tight linkage and may be derived from long minisatellite(s) that are cleaved to produce more than one polymorphic DNA fragment. (ox.ac.uk)

A DNA molecule is a long, twisting chain known as a double helix. (howstuffworks.com)

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. (dnaforensics.in)
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material found in living organisms, from bacteria to plants to humans and even viruses. (dnaforensics.in)
For the pasts few decades, there has been a great development of the scientific area of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, helping on scientific research and most importantly as a tool for solving crimes. (studymode.com)

The genomics revolution has hit the courtroom, with the first case that relies on next-generation sequencing of DNA. (protomag.com)
As with conventional fingerprinting, where various loops and whorls are compared between two fingerprints, DNA testing relies on comparing certain DNA features called DNA markers between two individuals. (mitchelstownfest.com)

DNA fingerprint data allow researchers or investigators to exclude certain individuals: If, for instance, a blood sample does not match an individual, that individual is excluded from further consideration. (wikisummaries.org)
Current Practice: Telltale Little Pieces As laboratory techniques advance, investigators are finding new ways to use DNA evidence. (worldsciencefestival.com)

Most of these variable DNA fragments could not be paired as alleles, to an extent which suggests that the DNA fingerprints are together derived from approximately 60 heterozygous loci (approximately 120 variable fragments), only a proportion of which can be scored in a given individual. (ox.ac.uk)
Excluding allelic and linked DNA fragments, almost all remaining scorable fragments segregated independently, allowing up to 34 unlinked loci to be examined simultaneously. (ox.ac.uk)

DNA evidence has led to more convictions than â ¦ Researchers argue that negative affect prevents the formation of new positive associations with black, and distress leads to disownership of the virtual body. (yeucothe.com)

The possibility that DNA could be used for human identity and relationship testing had been discussed from the time DNA was first revealed as the molecule which makes people unique. (mitchelstownfest.com)

DNA "fingerprints" and segregation analysis of multiple markers in human pedigrees. (ox.ac.uk)
That's because where current STR analysis techniques focus exclusively on non-coding regions of the DNA, "some of the newer NGS applications look at coding regions of the DNA that are related to bodily functions, phenotype and ancestry, which could trigger legal privacy issues," says Hunt. (protomag.com)

Francis Crick and James Watson (and Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins) and the structure of DNA. (consumerchoicecenter.org)

It involves no transfer of foreign DNA and the incision is made at a specific location in a genome, not at random. (consumerchoicecenter.org)
When analyzing an individual's DNA, scientists look at specific STR locations in the genome. (biologywala.com)
While the majority of DNA doesn't differ from human to human, some 3 million base pairs of DNA (about 0.10 percent of your entire genome) vary from person to person. (howstuffworks.com)

The DNA fingerprinting technique developed by Henry Erlich made it possible for scientists to identify an individual from the DNA in a single hair. (wikisummaries.org)
Fingerprinting has been used since 1901 to identify criminals in Great Britain and subsequently substituted the former Bertillon system which used certain skeletal patterns to identify a person. (fidis.net)
DNA evidence also allowed prosecutors to eventually identify the attacker. (protomag.com)
In this study, diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Crassostrea gigas samples were subjected to gas chromatography and ion mobility (GC-IMS) to identify and analyze volatile compounds and flavor fingerprints under conditions of high-temperature incubation. (bvsalud.org)

The geneticists are working on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - the DNA that is passed down the generations through the female line. (significancemagazine.com)

Where no reliable documentary evidence is available, DNA testing can assist in determining varying degrees of relatedness between individuals concerned, as well as individual's ethnic background. (mitchelstownfest.com)

Now, the Home Office accepts DNA testing as a virtually unquestionable proof of relatedness. (mitchelstownfest.com)
If true, it would mean his calculations were wrong and that virtually anyone could have left the DNA that he insisted came from the Ripper's victim. (mhpbooks.com)
Today, the gold standard is DNA evidence because DNA can be collected from virtually anywhere. (howstuffworks.com)

For example, the results of ethnicity DNA testing can show that an individual has 20% of markers specific to northern Europe, 50% to the Middle East, 10% to the Mediterranean and 20% to sub-Saharan Africa. (mitchelstownfest.com)
Familial screening for genetic haemochromatosis by means of DNA markers. (bmj.com)

The variable nature of STRs is what gives rise to the uniqueness of DNA profiles. (biologywala.com)

How a DNA fingerprint like this was made. (cshl.edu)
The scientist, Jari Louhelainen , is said to have made an "error of nomenclature" when using a DNA database to calculate the chances of a genetic match. (mhpbooks.com)
DNA is made of 2 polynucleotide chains. (bankofbiology.com)

The DNA sequence obtained from the Grey Friars skeletal remains was compared with the two maternal line relatives of Richard III. (significancemagazine.com)
We were very excited to find that there is a DNA match between the maternal DNA from the family of Richard the Third and the skeletal remains we found at the Grey Friars dig. (significancemagazine.com)

Anwar has alleged that the legislation that would force suspected criminals to give DNA samples was targeted at him. (thenutgraph.com)

The solution to this problem is to focus only on the small regions of the DNA which are known to vary widely among individuals. (wikisummaries.org)
Child adoption is another area where a DNA test for paternity is widely applied. (mitchelstownfest.com)

DNA is generally used to solve crimes in one of two ways. (studymode.com)
But even with this downfall, there is one unvarying fact: DNA testing is highly efficient in solving and preventing crimes. (studymode.com)

If a man were to be convicted for sexual abuse or sexual assault, he is to provide a sample of his DNA at the time of his conviction , when the sample would be placed into the database and that data would be compared and he would be convicted. (studymode.com)

Following this development, fingerprinting was used more and more as an authentication method for accessing systems (access control, general use, i.e. verification). (fidis.net)
The traditional offline method of scanning a picture of a fingerprint is now used only in rare cases. (fidis.net)

DNA testing uses genetic material for examination to answer questions related to legal cases. (dnaforensics.in)
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) are the building blocks of genetic material. (bankofbiology.com)
DNA is the genetic material in most of the organisms. (bankofbiology.com)

Biometric data such as DNA samples, DNA profiles and fingerprints is of enormous value in the detection of crime. (lawglobalhub.com)

But it wasn't until three years and many landmark cases later that use of DNA evidence in criminal trials faced its first real legal challenge. (protomag.com)
In a 12-week pretrial hearing for murder case People v. Castro, the Supreme Court of Bronx County, New York ruled that DNA evidence could be admitted in court as long as it was determined in pretrial hearings that the providing lab's methodology met scientific standards and produced reliable results. (protomag.com)
It's hard to believe that DNA evidence has come so far so fast. (howstuffworks.com)
Since then, DNA evidence has played a bigger and bigger role in many nations' criminal justice systems. (howstuffworks.com)
But catching a criminal using DNA evidence is not quite as easy as 'CSI' makes it seem, as this article will demonstrate. (howstuffworks.com)
While collecting evidence, officers are careful to avoid touching areas where DNA evidence could exist. (howstuffworks.com)
The widespread use of DNA evidence is the future of law enforcement in this country. (thenutgraph.com)
The information from the DNA databank can and should be allowed to be used in court as evidence. (thenutgraph.com)
It is known that some crime scene evidence can also be linked to other crime scenes through the use of DNA databases. (studymode.com)
Before the usage of DNA, people only had shreds of evidence on the crime which could be detected by the naked eye. (studymode.com)

In fact, the Jeffreys repeat first discovered in humans was found to occur in a wide variety of other species. (wikisummaries.org)

In this case, DNA testing was used to prove the mother-son relationship between Christiana Sarbah and her son Andrew. (mitchelstownfest.com)
But, as for who someone is, even DNA can prove only so much. (jwlbooks.com)

And finally, it could prevent the trauma of trials if it involves child witnesses [by using DNA matching to pinpoint the perpetrator]. (thenutgraph.com)

Jeffreys used agarose gel electrophoresis to separate his fragments by size, and he then used a specialized staining technique to view only the fragments containing the twelve-base repeat. (wikisummaries.org)
In this technique, an investigator uses an enzyme to break the DNA sample at certain specific points in the genetic code. (worldsciencefestival.com)

The degree of the similarity between DNA profiles is a representation of the degree of relatedness between people. (mitchelstownfest.com)
It decides DNA profiles which differ from individual to individual. (dnaforensics.in)
As of August 2007, the database contained over five million DNA profiles in its Convicted Offender Index. (thenutgraph.com)

The contents of non-3-en-2-one-M and 1-pentanol in diploids were significantly higher than in triploids and tetraploids, while the content of 2,4-hexadienal in tetraploids was significantly higher than in diploids and tetraploids. (bvsalud.org)

DNA fingerprinting is employed to study biodiversity, track endangered species, and combat illegal wildlife trade. (biologywala.com)

The drama focuses on how Jeffreys' science and Baker's investigative vision created the single biggest leap in the history of criminal investigation. (primewire.tf)

This first commercially available 8-dye STR system includes two additional dye channels relative to previous STR multiplex kits, providing enhanced analyses of even your most challenging low level and degraded DNA samples. (fgih.co.uk)

In the context of DNA fingerprinting, it's used to make many copies of the STR regions under investigation. (biologywala.com)

It is, however, impossible to pinpoint at what stage the particular ancestors contributed their DNA and also their number. (mitchelstownfest.com)

Currently, DNA testing is routinely used for both criminal and non-criminal applications. (mitchelstownfest.com)

Length of DNA = number of base pairs X distance between two adjacent base pairs. (bankofbiology.com)

Set to tour the UK with her latest live show Family History with DNA Detective Professor Turi King, Turi looks to delve deeper into her impressive decades long career, imparting the knowledge she's gathered amongst the years. (theatrefullstop.com)
Hi Turi, your event Family History with DNA Detective Professor Turi King will tour the UK this September and October. (theatrefullstop.com)
I've worked on loads of really interesting projects, and it's an area I'm quite passionate about, and I'm hoping that people will be able to learn tips and tricks as well as how they can use DNA when they're doing their own family history. (theatrefullstop.com)

A year later fingerprinting was applied to analyse crime scenes by detecting fingerprints on objects touched by persons at the scene. (fidis.net)
and the decision comes down to a contest between two competing explanations of an observed match: the prosecution would claim the match is because the crime scene DNA comes from the accused, the defence would argue that the match is just coincidence. (significancemagazine.com)
Established in 2020 the FGIH have a uniquely positioned team of DNA experts dedicated to applying next generation DNA sequencing to crime fighting, family DNA testing and molecular diagnostics. (fgih.co.uk)
For many years, fingerprints were the gold standard for linking suspects to a crime scene. (howstuffworks.com)
DNA is so significant to law enforcement because DNA left at a crime scene can be collected and tested to see if there is a match. (studymode.com)

Match the DNA fingerprints yourself. (cshl.edu)
In cases of natural disasters or accidents, where bodies are unidentifiable, DNA fingerprinting helps match remains with missing individuals, bringing closure to families. (biologywala.com)
Proof of a match in mitochondrial DNA is not necessarily proof that the skeleton is of the King. (significancemagazine.com)

Alec John Jeffreys created a process called DNA fingerprinting in the UK during the twentieth century. (asu.edu)

Alec Jeffreys20

19852

Forensic5

Geneticist1

1980s2

Sequences11

Minisatellites1

19921

Investigations4

Profiling10

Identical4

19861

Eukaryotes1

Repeats5

Forensics2

Suspect7

Discovery4

Biological6

Identification7

Probe1

Double helix1

Deoxyribonucleic3

Relies2

Investigators2

Loci2

Researchers1

Molecule1

Analysis2

Francis Crick1

Genome3

Identify4

MtDNA1

Individual's1

Virtually3

Markers2

Uniqueness1

Made3

Skeletal2

Criminals1

Widely2

Crimes2

Conviction1

Method2

Genetic material3

Detection1

Evidence10

Humans1

Prove2

Involves1

Technique2

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Content1

Species1

Single1

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Pinpoint1

Routinely1

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Crime5

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Process1