• The ability to maintain a diverse set of intracellular compartments, with distinct complements of proteins, is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
  • Intracellular traffic plays a pivotal role in the transportation of proteins and other macromolecules to diverse cellular locations, both within and outside the cell. (uams.edu)
  • Microdomains or lipid rafts greatly affect the distribution of proteins and peptides in the membrane and play a vital role in the formation and activation of receptor/protein complexes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our simulation experiments indicate, that for receptor/raft ratios smaller than 1, i.e., when the number of raft compartments clearly exceeds the number of pathway specific membrane proteins, we observe significant decrease in LRP6 phosphorylation and downstream pathway activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The copines are a family of C2- and von Willebrand factor A-domain-containing proteins that have been proposed to respond to increases in intracellular calcium by translocating to the plasma membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The copines have been reported to interact with a range of cell signalling and cytoskeletal proteins, which may therefore be targeted to the membrane following increases in cellular calcium. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This organization is mediated by the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, receptor‐receptor interactions, and receptor interactions with intracellular scaffolding proteins. (nsf.gov)
  • The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria play a crucial role in virulence and pathogenesis. (univ-antilles.fr)
  • These anti-idiotype reagents recognize an intrinsic membrane protein with characteristics expected of a receptor responsible for the recognition and return of resident proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate binds membrane and intracellular proteins of intact THP-1 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Heterotrimeric G proteins are intracellular membrane-attached signal transducers involved in various cellular processes in both plants and animals. (lu.se)
  • As an escort protein, REP-1 attaches to molecules called Rab proteins within the cell and directs them to the membranes of various cell compartments ( organelles ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Rab proteins are involved in the movement of proteins and organelles within cells (intracellular trafficking). (medlineplus.gov)
  • This lack of functional REP-1 prevents Rab proteins from reaching and attaching (binding) to the organelle membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Without the aid of Rab proteins in intracellular trafficking, cells die prematurely. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Synaptic NMDA receptors have anti-apoptotic activity, whereas stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (an early marker for glutamate-induced neuronal damage) and cell death. (nih.gov)
  • Substances can be transported from one membrane-encased compartment to another, but the compartments maintain their unique identities. (nature.com)
  • She was particularly interested in the Golgi apparatus, a cluster of membrane-bound compartments that help coordinate this trafficking, and spent much of her time manipulating the organelle's activity to try to better understand how it works. (the-scientist.com)
  • Essentially all excess fibroblast cholesterol moves from plasma membranes to intracellular compartments. (uchicago.edu)
  • At the plasma membrane, GPCR organization could fine‐tune the initial stages of receptor signaling by determining the magnitude of signaling and the type of effectors to which receptors can couple. (nsf.gov)
  • Rather, it suggests that one or more receptors localized to the ER membrane may mediate the selective transport of membrane glycoproteins out of the ER to the Golgi apparatus. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • intracellular receptors. (muni.cz)
  • Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)
  • By contrast, obligate intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycobacterium leprae do, and this trait makes them a challenge to culture and study in the lab. (the-scientist.com)
  • Obligate intracellular pathogens will often have reduced genomes compared to the facultative variety, a genetic tendency that is reflective of their more limited lifestyle. (the-scientist.com)
  • Here, we have developed such an approach for Ehrlichia ruminantium, the obligate intracellular bacterium that causes heartwater. (univ-antilles.fr)
  • This subclass comprises research and experimental development in intracellular signaling, signal transduction, receptor and membrane biology. (ubc.ca)
  • Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a "normal sized" cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
  • For most individual signaling pathway, this quantitative point of view would imply, that rafts clearly outnumber the membrane-associated pathway components, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a model, we identified a third mechanism of intracellular GPCR signaling. (nsf.gov)
  • Together these data support a model where a small initial pool of plasma membrane-localized GPCRs are capable of activating internal receptor-dependent signaling events. (nsf.gov)
  • This review explores what is known about receptor sorting at the plasma membrane, protein partners that control receptor endocytosis, and the ways in which receptor sorting at the plasma membrane regulates downstream trafficking and signaling. (nsf.gov)
  • This work package utilises our large islet RNA data sets as well as a new human islet cell encyclopedia generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and focuses on miRNA translation pathways, membrane receptor and intracellular Ca2+ signalling pathways. (lu.se)
  • PGPs have a net charge of -1 at physiological pH and are found in high concentration in mitochondrial membranes and as components of pulmonary surfactant. (hmdb.ca)
  • The ALS8 protein VAPB interacts with the ER-Golgi recycling protein YIF1A and regulates membrane delivery into dendrites. (nih.gov)
  • Transport occurs in membrane-bounded containers called vesicles, and several protein families have evolved to mediate the budding of a vesicle from the donor compartment, and its transport to and fusion with the target organelle. (nature.com)
  • These have been suggested to be the core machinery that mediates the fusing of two membranes, as well as ensuring that vesicles deliver their cargo to the right compartment 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate that two of these copines associate with different intracellular vesicles following calcium entry into cells, and identify a novel conserved amino acid sequence that is required for their membrane translocation in living cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
  • It is a facultative intracellular bacterium that multiplies within macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • For Mukherjee, the paper was a revelation: not only did it identify the fastest way yet to target Golgi biology, it suggested that scientists could use intracellular bacteria "as a lens to understand basic processes inside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
  • We have pioneered the functional analysis of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG), an evolutionarily conserved protein complex critical for membrane trafficking and protein modifications in the Golgi apparatus," he said, describing the Golgi as "the central hub for protein modification and sorting within cells. (uams.edu)
  • A novel Golgi membrane protein is part of a GTPase-binding protein complex involved in vesicle targeting. (nih.gov)
  • We study the role of intracellular complement factor C3 and membrane bound complement inhibitor CD59 in insulin secretion as well as physiology and metabolism of beta cells. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, removing the membrane-bound CD59 did not affect insulin secretion, suggesting that intracellular CD59 is involved in this function. (lu.se)
  • Rather, it was produced by a tiny intracellular bacterium known as Legionella pneumophila , the pathogen behind a serious lung infection called Legionnaire's disease. (the-scientist.com)
  • Identification by anti-idiotype antibodies of an intracellular membrane protein that recognizes a mammalian endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These compounds work by altering membrane permeability in infected cells, leading to the release of immature viral particles, a mechanism distinct from current HBV treatments. (news-medical.net)
  • Our data is inconsistent with a passive membrane flow mechanism for the intracellular transport of membrane glycoproteins. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The identification of novel, high affinity AQP9 inhibitors in an intracellular binding site. (lu.se)
  • abstract = "Intracellular Na activity, a(i)(Na), was measured in voltage-clamped sheep cardiac Purkinke fibres. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • F. tularensis can infect humans through the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Untreated, bacilli inoculated into skin or mucous membranes multiply, spread to regional lymph nodes and further multiply, and then may disseminate to organs throughout the body. (cdc.gov)
  • The results indicate that emission from dental light curing units can affect the oral mucous membrane and may reduce its functional abilities. (who.int)
  • And she gained a new appreciation for the myriad other types of intracellular bacteria, a diverse group that includes many medically significant pathogens such as Salmonella , Listeria, and Chlamydia , as well as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy. (the-scientist.com)
  • Additionally, Lupashin highlighted that the COG complex, a critical component of intracellular membrane traffic, can be exploited by various pathogens such as viruses, pathogenic bacteria, and toxins. (uams.edu)
  • Research on how intracellular bacteria take control of their hosts is not only informing scientists about how these microbes cause disease, but revealing secrets of mammalian biology, says Mukherjee, who now heads up a lab at the University of California (UC), San Francisco. (the-scientist.com)
  • Williams, DB, Swiedler, SJ & Hart, GW 1985, ' Intracellular transport of membrane glycoproteins: Two closely related histocompatibility antigens differ in their rates of transit to the cell surface ', Journal of Cell Biology , vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 725-734. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Molecular Membrane Biology 2013, 30 (3):246-260. (lu.se)
  • The marked area from the intracellular plasma membrane-connected compartment (IPMC) is shown at higher magnification in ( b ). c View of the area marked in ( b ) to show the immature phenotype of the budding-arrested virus particles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, according to various experimental measurements, approximately 25 to 35 % of the cell plasma membrane is covered by nanoscopic raft domains with diameters ranging between 10 to 200 nm. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, neither the function of the copines, nor their actual movement to the plasma membrane, has been fully established in mammalian cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We show that independent of membrane permeable ligands and endocytosis, upon stimulation, plasma membrane and internal pools of CXCR4 are post-translationally modified and collectively regulate EGR1 transcription. (nsf.gov)
  • We found that β-arrestin-1 (arrestin 2) is necessary to mediate communication between plasma membrane and internal pools of CXCR4. (nsf.gov)
  • Notably, these observations may explain that while CXCR4 overexpression is highly correlated with cancer metastasis and mortality, plasma membrane localization is not. (nsf.gov)
  • Here, we found that endocytosis of AtRGS1 initiated from two separate pools of plasma membrane: sterol-dependent domains and a clathrin-accessible neighborhood, each with a select set of discriminators, activators, and candidate arrestin-like adaptors. (nsf.gov)
  • Ionic composition of blood plasma, gradients of Na+ and K+ across cell membranes. (muni.cz)
  • Intracellular fluid includes all fluid enclosed by the plasma membranes of cells. (oncolink.org)
  • Purification and Proteomic Analysis of Plant Plasma Membranes. (lu.se)
  • HvPIP1;6, a Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plasma Membrane Water Channel Particularly Expressed in Growing Compared with Non-Growing Leaf Tissues. (lu.se)
  • Even though LRP6 is homogenously distributed in the membrane and only a minor fraction is raft-associated, its localization to lipid rafts is vital for the activation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence wnt/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • The GDP/GTP cycle of Rab5 in the regulation of endocytotic membrane traffic. (nih.gov)
  • d Segmentation of the cell surface ( grey ) and IPMC membranes ( black ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The National Institutes of Health recently awarded an additional $1.6 million to researchers at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) to continue a 14-year effort aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles governing intracellular membrane traffic - a crucial process occurring in every human cell. (uams.edu)
  • Lipid rafts are local assemblies of highly concentrated sphingolipids and cholesterol in the cell membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we show that copines-1, -2, -3, -6 and -7 respond differently to a methacholine-evoked intracellular increase in calcium in human embryonic kidney cell line-293 cells, and that their membrane association requires different levels of intracellular calcium. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Native honey (1% w/v pH 7.4, 10(6) cells) showed strong quenching activity against lipophilic cumoxyl and cumoperoxyl radicals, with significant suppression/prevention of cell damage, complete inhibition of cell membrane oxidation, of intracellular ROS production and recovery of intracellular GSH. (researchgate.net)
  • TTYH family members form tetrameric complexes at the cell membrane. (cuni.cz)
  • They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. (bvsalud.org)
  • This results in intracellular storage of excess sialyloligosaccharides and is histologically observed as abnormal vacuolization of various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Intracellular pHluorin as Sensor for Easy Assessment of Bacteriocin-Induced Membrane-Damage in Listeria monocytogenes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Surprisingly, this is related to intracellular functions of complement and therefore changes the way we perceive this "blood" system and will likely inspire discovery of many other intracellular effects of complement. (lu.se)
  • Copines-1, -2, -3, -6 and -7 show different calcium-dependent intracellular membrane translocation and targeting. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our data show that the von Willebrand factor A-domain of the copines modulates their calcium sensitivity and intracellular targeting. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The effects of membrane potential on the net passive Na influx were examined by measuring the maximum rate of rise of a(i)(Na) at different holding potentials after inhibiting the Na-K pump in a K-free, Rb-free solution. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In this study, the effects of intracellular delivery of various concentrations of gallic acid (GA) as a semistable antioxidant, gallic acid-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-GA), and cellular uptake of nanoparticles into Caco-2 cells were investigated. (springer.com)
  • An effect of membrane potential on the net passive Na influx can account for the observations. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • This profile suggested a role for membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) in transmigration. (uea.ac.uk)
  • While most phospholipids have a saturated fatty acid on C-1 and an unsaturated fatty acid on C-2 of the glycerol backbone, the fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes. (hmdb.ca)
  • Membrane Trafficking, Fusion, and Synaptic. (hhmi.org)
  • Solute transport on the sub 100 ms scale across the lipid bilayer membrane of individual proteoliposomes. (lu.se)
  • Affinity tags can reduce merohedral twinning of membrane protein crystals. (lu.se)
  • Increasing [Rb]0 from 0 to 4 mM in K-free solutions (at a fixed membrane potential) decreased a(i)(Na). (manchester.ac.uk)