Intake reference values. Medical search. Frequent questions

These differences in macronutrient intakes were not observed in younger children nor in older adults. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study was to obtain an estimate of energy and macronutrient intake according to weight status and to investigate underreporting among Iraqi people living in the UK. (scirp.org)
According to the CCHS 2.2 , more than 96% of children 1-8 years-old had protein and carbohydrate intakes that fell within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range ( AMDR ) (Table 1). (canada.ca)
The Institute of Medicine set the recommendation for total fat intake using an acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). (todaysdietitian.com)
Although mean energy and macronutrient intakes were comparable to the RDA, significant numbers were over- or underfed. (who.int)

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are nutrient-based reference values that expand and replace the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs). (momsteam.com)
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are reference values that are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. (nih.gov)
Recommendations for niacin and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), which are developed by the Food and Nutrition Board at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (medlineplus.gov)

For 16 of the 23 micronutrients analyzed (e.g., vitamins, calcium, and iron), no study included pregnant women to determine key values. (medpagetoday.com)
This study aims at examining sex disparities in energy and macronutrients' intakes, food consumption patterns, and micronutrients' adequacy in Lebanon, while adopting a life course approach. (biomedcentral.com)
The Nutritionist Pro software was used for the analysis of dietary intake data and the estimation of energy, macronutrients', and micronutrients' intakes. (biomedcentral.com)
the researchers conclude that a well-planned LCHF diet can provide sufficient intakes of all of the micronutrients, apart from iron for females. (bmj.com)
To assess the evolution of energy and nutrient intake and the prevalence of inadequate micronutrients intakes according to sociodemographic characteristics and Brazilian regions. (altmetric.com)

The drinking water contribution to mineral nutrients intake is also unclear. (wikipedia.org)
Water generated from the biochemical metabolism of nutrients provides a significant proportion of the daily water requirements for some arthropods and desert animals, but provides only a small fraction of a human's necessary intake. (wikipedia.org)
Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients. (nih.gov)
For nutrients with an Adequate Intake (AI), there is concern that Canadian children may not be meeting their needs for potassium and fibre - although the interpretation of the adequacy of nutrients with an AI is limited. (canada.ca)
The report determined the maximum daily intake of nutrients from both supplements and diet that it is safe to consume on a long-term basis. (hsis.org)
The NHANES FFQ data were not intended to be used to derive estimates of absolute intake for either nutrients or foods. (cdc.gov)

There were no changes in energy, total fat or carbohydrate intakes between the surveys. (cambridge.org)

For many pregnant Canadian women, usual iron intakes from food appear to be inadequate compared with Dietary Reference Intake requirement estimates. (nih.gov)
Dietary intake modeling was undertaken to determine an amount of iron supplementation that would confer acceptably low prevalence of apparently inadequate and apparently excessive intakes. (nih.gov)
3%) prevalence of apparently inadequate intakes. (nih.gov)
Thus, the proportion of individuals with a BMI below, within, or above the acceptable range for that age group can be assumed to represent the proportion with inadequate, adequate, or excessive energy intake, respectively, relative to energy expenditure ( 4 ) . (canada.ca)
Given that the Task Force did not identify a BMI category reflecting underweight, it is not possible to estimate the prevalence of children with inadequate (i.e. too low) energy intakes. (canada.ca)
This may be the result of inadequate intakes or absorption issues associated with gastrointestinal disease. (hsis.org)
Both surveys found high prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake and excessive sodium intake. (altmetric.com)

For pregnant women, with each 100 kcal/day increase in energy intake, the TWI increased by 67 mL. (springer.com)
The mean energy intakes were low for males (1977 kcal/d) and females (1586 kcal/d). (scirp.org)
The AMDR for total fat intake is 20% to 35% of kcal for adults and 25% to 35% of kcal for children aged 4 to 18. (todaysdietitian.com)
Mean energy intake of infant girls in Al Ain and Dubai was 747 (SD 189) kcal and 773 (SD 215) kcal respectively and 810.5 (SD 232.2) kcal and 821.9 (SD 262) kcal for boys. (who.int)
In toddlers, mean energy intake for girls in Al Ain and Dubai was 1032.8 (SD 252) kcal and 1013 (SD 339.1) kcal respectively and 1057.2 (SD 201.8) kcal and 1030.3 (SD 341.7) kcal for boys. (who.int)
Mean daily energy intake was 1,753 kcal in 2008-2009 and 1,748 kcal in 2017-2018. (altmetric.com)

Several health outcomes possibly associated with vitamin C intake were also considered but data were found to be insufficient to establish DRVs. (europa.eu)
DVs are based on two sets of nutrient intake values: Daily Reference Values (DRVs) and Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs). (todaysdietitian.com)

The prevalence of usual intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for pregnancy (22 mg/d) or above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (45 mg/d) was estimated. (nih.gov)

In the Health Effects Chapter there was frequent reference to a group of infants exposed because pentachlorophenol which was used as an anti-mildew agent. (cdc.gov)
For example, the AI for young infants, for whom human milk is the recommended sole source of food for the first 4 to 6 months, is based on the daily mean nutrient intake supplied by human milk for healthy, full-term infants who are exclusively breastfed. (nih.gov)
A random sample of 1000 infants and toddlers was recruited from 2 cities (Al Ain and Dubai) from March 2011 to February 2012 and their usual nutrient intake was determined using 24-hour recall. (who.int)
Formula milk-fed infants grow faster than breastfed infants, and energy intakes of formula milk-fed infants predict weight gain and childhood body mass index. (bmj.com)
Although most infants are fed formula milk, no study has effectively reduced intakes among formula milk-fed infants. (bmj.com)

The method can be applied to other populations if suitable baseline iron intake data are available. (nih.gov)
More researches are required to assess the water intake and hydration status of the populations. (springer.com)
Conclusion: Maternal supplementation within recommended safe intakes in populations with dietary deficiencies may prevent many brain and central nervous system malfunctions and even enhance brain development and function in their offspring. (vitamindwiki.com)
Understanding characteristics associated with low drinking water intake may help to identify populations that could benefit from interventions to help adults drink more water. (cdc.gov)
A comprehensive understanding of how these factors are related to water intake may help identify populations and associated attitudes and behaviors amenable to intervention. (cdc.gov)

Only 28% of pregnant women and 27% of breastfeeding women were complied with the adequate intake (AI). (springer.com)
1 It was shown some 60 years ago that energy restriction in an otherwise adequate diet extended life expectancy in rats considerably, 2 and the animal evidence for a positive relation between dietary intake during the growth period and later incidence of cancer is now well established. (bmj.com)
In the case of choline -- which supports placental function and promotes proper neurodevelopment in the fetus -- a pregnant woman's adequate intake had been extrapolated from data from a study done only with men. (medpagetoday.com)
The immune system relies on adequate dietary selenium intake and this nutrient exerts its biological effects mostly through its incorporation into selenoproteins. (mdpi.com)
The Adequate Intake (AI) is set instead of an RDA if sufficient scientific evidence is not available to calculate an EAR. (nih.gov)
Consume as part of a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle, maintaining an adequate daily fluid intake. (exantediet.com)
Based on this, one can conclude that nearly 80% of 2-8 year-olds had adequate energy intakes, whereas about one in five had BMI s suggestive of excessive energy intake. (canada.ca)
Free and total carnitine levels within the reference range typically indicate adequate intake, stores, and metabolism. (medscape.com)

Differences in median daily food consumption and nutrient intakes between the surveys were compared by sex and age group (4-10 years, 11-18 years and 19-64 years). (cambridge.org)
During a median follow-up of 8 years, UPF intake in quartiles 2, 3, and 4 (vs quartile 1) was associated with a significant decline in global cognition ( P = .003) and executive function ( P = .015). (medscape.com)

A semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to assess their dietary intake, TWI, plain water, and water intake from beverages and foods. (springer.com)
Energy intake was compared to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the Goldberg equation was used to assess underreporting. (scirp.org)
However, they caution that this study has not been able to assess refined versus unrefined carbohydrate dietary intake. (bmj.com)
DRI is the term for a set of reference values that are used to plan and assess the nutrient intakes of healthy people. (medlineplus.gov)

In this study we investigated the effects of concomitant food intake on the bioavailability of distinct boswellic acids (BAs) from the test preparation BSE-018, a dry extract from Boswellia serrata gum resin. (nih.gov)
2 , 19 Intestinal absorption is estimated to be saturated at about 1.5-2.0 µ g per meal, and bioavailability significantly decreases as intake increases. (mja.com.au)

The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) is a cross-sectional survey designed to gather data representative of the UK population on food consumption, nutrient intakes and nutritional status. (cambridge.org)
The objectives of the present paper were to identify and describe food consumption and nutrient intakes in the UK from the first year of the NDNS rolling programme (2008-09) and compare these with the 2000-01 NDNS of adults aged 19-64 years and the 1997 NDNS of young people aged 4-18 years. (cambridge.org)
The fact that sex-based differences in nutrient intakes and food consumption patterns were the most noticeable in the adolescent and adult years, hence women's reproductive years call for concerted efforts to improve nutrition for women and girls as this would lay the foundation not only for their future education, productivity, and economic empowerment, but also for the health of future generations. (biomedcentral.com)
Worldwide, women and girls continue to be twice as likely to suffer from all forms of malnutrition compared to their male counterparts, highlighting the need for a better understanding of sex disparities in food consumption and dietary intakes as a determinant of health [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Intakes are derived from food and beverages only (i.e., the contribution of dietary supplements to nutrient consumption is not reflected in this article). (canada.ca)
These are based on consumption of a typical European diet and are generally far higher than the Nutrient Reference Value or amount that would be in a typical multivitamin. (hsis.org)
Water consumption before meals and the replacement of calorically sweetened beverages with water are associated with lower energy intake, and increased plain water intake among adults is associated with significant weight maintenance or loss (3-9). (cdc.gov)
Although no one solution will curb the consumption of UPFs, the value of a warning label has been debated . (medscape.com)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this analysis was to describe the contribution of foods and beverages from six outlets - grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants, quick-service restaurants, schools, and other outlets - to total energy intake and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores in the US population, by urbanization level (non-metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), small to medium MSA, and large MSA). (cdc.gov)
Linear regression, adjusted for sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, and family income, was used to predict the contribution of each food outlet to total energy intake and HEI-2015 total and component scores by urbanization level. (cdc.gov)

The current study aimed to compare dietary intakes of pregnant women compared to food and nutrient recommendations in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) and Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). (researchgate.net)

Just over one in six studies that determined nutritional reference values (NRVs) included pregnant or lactating women, Emily Smith, ScD, MPH, of George Washington University, and colleagues reported. (medpagetoday.com)
There is a need to establish recommended dietary intakes/nutritional reference values for carotenoids. (nofima.no)

The proportion of people consuming the recommended dietary reference values for macronutrients did not change with any of the diets. (medscape.com)

Pregnant and lactating women are at high risk of insufficient water intake. (springer.com)
The cross-sectional study was mainly designed to evaluate the water intake, including total water intake (TWI), plain water intake, and water intake from beverages and foods of 200 pregnant women and 150 breastfeeding women in Beijing. (springer.com)
Multivariate regression analysis was conducted for evaluating the association between water intake and dietary variables. (springer.com)
Water intake from foods was the greatest contributor to TWI both in pregnant and breastfeeding women, and maternal dietary intake posed impacts on water intake during pregnancy and lactation. (springer.com)
The balance between water intake and output is defined as hydration. (springer.com)
Although there is lack of tenable evidence to support the positive effect of increased water intake on milk production, substantial water loss via milk puts women at a high risk of dehydration, which lays an adverse effect on maternal health [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
To promote appropriate water intake of pregnant and nursing women, many countries and institutions have set AIs for TWI of their own. (springer.com)
Physical exercise and heat exposure cause loss of water and therefore may induce thirst and greater water intake. (wikipedia.org)
Note that urine creatinine concentrations (mg/dL) vary depending on water intake (hydration status) and, therefore, are not very meaningful by themselves. (medscape.com)
Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic characteristics and health-related behaviors and attitudes associated with self-reported drinking water intake of less than 4 cups per day. (cdc.gov)
Low drinking water intake was associated with age, region of residence, and several unhealthful behaviors and attitudes. (cdc.gov)
According to 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, mean plain water intake among US adults (aged ≥20 years) was 4.4 cups for men and 4.3 cups for women (14). (cdc.gov)
Although water intake has been associated with individual factors (eg, physical activity, age), little is known about how water intake is related to other food- and health-related behaviors and attitudes (14-17). (cdc.gov)
For example, clinical or public health messages about water intake could be bundled with messages about associated health behaviors. (cdc.gov)
The purposes of our study were to use a data set with varied information on behaviors and attitudes to quantify daily drinking water intake, to identify sociodemographic and health characteristics associated with low water intake, and to describe the association of food- and health-related behaviors and attitudes with low drinking water intake. (cdc.gov)

Nutrient reference values was reported during the WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review (GNPR) 2009-2010. (who.int)

With respect to total fat, 88% of 4-8 year-old Canadians had intakes within the AMDR . (canada.ca)
In contrast, just 51.7% of 1-3 year-olds had total fat intakes within the AMDR , while 47% had intakes below the recommended range (Table 1). (canada.ca)
The large proportion of 1-3 year-old children with fat intakes below the AMDR is notable. (canada.ca)

This amount of supplementation should not be associated with an increase in apparently excessive intakes by pregnant women in this population. (nih.gov)
Both excessive intake and insufficient intake exert a negative impact on body health. (springer.com)
Sodium intake was excessive in approximately 50% of the population in both periods. (altmetric.com)

Typical values for men and women are listed in the Reference Range section. (medscape.com)

Do the Dietary Intakes of Pregnant Women Attending Public Hospital Antenatal Clinics Align with Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Recommendations? (researchgate.net)
This means that, on food labels for foods such as infant rice cereal and toddler meals, %DVs will reflect nutrient intake recommendations for these specific age and life stage groups. (todaysdietitian.com)
For all other foods such as bread, cheese, and other packaged foods, the %DVs will be based on nutrient intake recommendations for children and adults aged 4 and older. (todaysdietitian.com)
The FDA revised its position in the final rule to support current dietary recommendations and clinical guidelines suggesting that the types of fat we eat are more important in determining the risk of heart disease than is total fat intake. (todaysdietitian.com)
Vitamin D intake recommendations during pregnancy and lactation. (vitamindwiki.com)
It coordinates activities leading to the adoption of recommendations for assuring their quality, safety and efficacy and to the establishment of international reference materials. (who.int)

Accordingly, pharmacokinetic data could be calculated for betaBA, KbetaBA and AKbetaBA (treatment A) and for betaBA, KbetaBA, AKbetaBA, alphaBA, and AalphaBA (treatment B). For the first time these data reveal detailed kinetics of BAs after oral dosing of an extract and demonstrate a profound effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetic profile of the BAs. (nih.gov)
Do Canadian Children Meet Their Nutrient Requirements Through Food Intake Alone? (canada.ca)

Daily supplementation shifted the intake distribution curve without changing its shape. (nih.gov)

There was still a substantial proportion (46 %) of girls aged 11-18 years and women aged 19-64 years (21 %) with mean daily Fe intakes below the lower reference nutrient intake. (cambridge.org)
The each 100 mg increase in daily sodium intake was accompanied with 52 mL increase in TWI. (springer.com)
The each 100 mg increase in daily sodium intake was accompanied with 54 mL increase in TWI. (springer.com)
Significant associations between childhood energy intake and cancer mortality were seen when the confounding effects of social variables were taken into account in proportional hazards models (relative hazard for all cancer mortality 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.24), P=0.001, for every MJ increase in adult equivalent daily intake in fully adjusted models). (bmj.com)
the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a group. (nih.gov)
the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. (nih.gov)
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a particular gender and life stage group (life stage considers age and, when applicable, pregnancy or lactation). (nih.gov)
A serving of this product contains 4g of your 12g per day chicory inulin (33% of the required daily intake), which helps to maintain regular gut function through more frequent bowel movements. (exantediet.com)
average daily level of intake that is enough to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97% to 98%) healthy people. (medlineplus.gov)
The %DV on the label reflects the percentage of a particular nutrient in one serving of a product, based on the daily recommended intake level (either DRV or RDI) for that specific nutrient. (todaysdietitian.com)
Do not exceed the recommended daily intake. (hollandandbarrett.com)
One sachet is the recommended daily intake. (hollandandbarrett.com)
For children whose parents worked in agriculture as either orchard applicators or as fleldworkers, 56% of the doses estimated for the spray season exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chronic dietary reference dose, and 19% exceeded the World Health Organization acceptable daily intake values for azinphos-methyl. (cdc.gov)

The Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) suggests using indicators of relative body weight, such as the Body Mass Index ( BMI ), as markers of energy intake adequacy within groups. (canada.ca)

Because the sample of pregnant women was small (148 day 1 recalls), estimates of the tails of the distributions had large SDs, and supporting analyses based on intake data from nonpregnant women (4540 day 1 recalls) were made. (nih.gov)
The AI is based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of healthy people. (nih.gov)
Single-day dose estimates ranged from 0 to 72 day, and 26% of these exceeded the EPA acute reference dose for azinphos-methyl. (cdc.gov)

The serum levels of calcium are strictly regulated and an insufficient calcium intake is met by a more efficient intestinal absorption and renal conservation of calcium. (bmj.com)
3 Insufficient calcium intakes might also lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, which is associated with higher mortality. (bmj.com)

The mean value we found for small game meat (2011-2021) was fourteen times higher than that used in a recent EU-wide risk assessment. (researchgate.net)

Urine creatinine values can obviate the need for 24-hour collection when they're used to correct for hydration status for analytes excreted throughout the day in relatively consistent amounts (no diurnal variation). (medscape.com)

Most of the human evidence concerning possible relations between nutrition and cancer comes from the use of body size as a proxy for dietary intake. (bmj.com)
Davies, M & Knowles, L 2014, ' Comparison of Nutritional Intake of Free Living Adults Aged ≥75 Years Receiving Home Delivered Meals with Dietary Reference Values ', European Journal of Nutrition and Food Safety , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 263-264. (herts.ac.uk)
W. Ahmed, W. Al-Murrani and G. Rees, "Underreporting of Energy Intake in Iraqi People Living in the UK According to Body Weight," Food and Nutrition Sciences , Vol. 3 No. 3, 2012, pp. 317-321. (scirp.org)
S.-H. Kye, "Underestimation of Energy Intake Using 24-Hour Recall by Korean Urban Elders," Ecology of Food and Nutrition, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2004, pp. 279-293. (scirp.org)
H. A. Park, J. S. Lee and L. H. Kuller, "Underreporting of Dietary Intake by Body Mass Index in Premenopausal Women Participating in the Healthy Women Study," Nutrition Research and Practice, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007, pp. 231-236. (scirp.org)
R. Ballard-Barbash, I. Graubard, S. M. Krebs Smith, A. Schatzkin and F. E. Thompson, "Contribution of Dieting to the Inverse Association between Energy Intake and Body Mass Index," European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 50, 1996, pp. 98-106. (scirp.org)
Trans fat and sugar (total) don't have a %DV listing on Nutrition Facts labels because there's no reference value (ie, no recommended intake level) on which to base a %DV calculation. (todaysdietitian.com)
Does Exclusion of Extreme Reporters of Energy Intake (the 'Goldberg Cutoffs') Reliably Reduce or Eliminate Bias in Nutrition Studies? (intake.org)

Since previous surveys there have been some positive changes in intakes especially in younger children. (cambridge.org)

Sex-based differences in food groups' intakes were also observed: men and boys had significantly higher intakes of red and processed meat, bread, fast food, soft drinks, and alcohol, while girls and women had higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, milk, and sweets. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusions Despite reducing milk intakes and initial weight gain, the intervention did not alter the high prevalence of rapid weight gain to age 12 months suggesting the need for sustained intervention. (bmj.com)
This behavioural intervention reduced milk intakes and slowed initial weight gain to age 6 months, but not weight gain to 12 months. (bmj.com)

In all age groups, males had significantly higher energy intakes, while females had significantly higher fiber intakes. (biomedcentral.com)

As a result, most NRVs for pregnant women were calculated using a modeling method that modified the values for nonpregnant women such that specific nutrient needs during pregnancy were not considered, according to the group's paper published in Science Advances . (medpagetoday.com)

As no value for metabolic losses is available in women, the AR for women is extrapolated from the AR for men on the basis of differences in reference body weight, and an AR of 80 mg/day and a PRI of 95 mg/day are proposed. (europa.eu)
BACKGROUND: Differences in food access, availability, affordability, and dietary intake are influenced by the food environment, which includes outlets where foods are obtained. (cdc.gov)

The distribution of usual dietary iron intakes was estimated with the use of 24-h recalls from pregnant women aged 19-50 y in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2. (nih.gov)
Usual dietary intake was assessed in a sample of women in the. (researchgate.net)
This paper describes a statistical method to estimate the ratio of usual intakes and derives its distribution from 24-hour dietary recall data. (intake.org)

Sodium intake was compared to the reference value to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. (altmetric.com)

On the basis of Dietary Reference Intakes, an iron supplement of 16 mg/d throughout pregnancy is justified as both efficacious and safe for healthy women living in Canadian households. (nih.gov)
What are Dietary Reference Intakes? (nih.gov)
Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes for Healthy Individuals and Groups. (nih.gov)

a nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group. (nih.gov)

To examine the relation between energy intake in childhood and adult mortality from cancer. (bmj.com)
Breakfast in the United States: Food and Nutrient Intakes in Relation to Diet Quality in National Health and Examination Survey 2011-2014. (mdpi.com)

Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) showed that higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with a faster rate of decline in both executive and global cognitive function. (medscape.com)

For example, very high intake of zinc (25 mg and above) can interfere with iron absorption and if taken over a long period of time can lead to anaemia. (hsis.org)

Dietary intake was estimated 3 times using the 24 hour dietary recall tech-nique. (scirp.org)
Dietary intake from one 24-hour dietary recall was analyzed by the outlet where a food or beverage was obtained and by urbanization. (cdc.gov)

Results The risk patterns with dietary calcium intake were non-linear, with higher rates concentrated around the highest intakes (≥1400 mg/day). (bmj.com)

Conclusion High intakes of calcium in women are associated with higher death rates from all causes and cardiovascular disease but not from stroke. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSION: Grocery stores and restaurants were the largest contributors of energy intake in urban and rural areas. (cdc.gov)

Despite a number of findings supporting the hypothesis of environmental Cu modulating AD, our results demonstrate that oral Cu intake has neither a detrimental nor a promoting effect on the progression of AD. (springer.com)
Based on the results of international collaborative laboratory studies, the Expert Committee established 16 new or replacement international reference materials. (who.int)

Anatomy11

Organisms5

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment97

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes68

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture25

Information Science6

Named Groups6

Health Care54

Geographicals17

Macronutrient5

DRIs3

Micronutrients5

Nutrients6

Carbohydrate intakes1

Inadequate7

Kcal6

DRVs2

Tolerable Upper Intake Level1

Infants5

Populations5

Adequate8

Median2

Assess4

Bioavailability2

Consumption8

Total Energy Intake2

Compared to food and nutri1

Nutritional reference values2

Macronutrients1

Water intake15

Nutrient Reference Values1

AMDR3

Excessive3

Typical1

Recommendations6

Food intake2

Supplementation1

Daily13

Adequacy1

Estimates3

Insufficient2

20211

Hydration status1

Nutrition8

Younger children1

Milk3

Fiber1

Nonpregnant women1

Differences2

Usual3

Sodium intake1

Dietary reference3

Requirement1

Relation2

Adult1

Absorption1

Recall2

Patterns1

Conclusion2

Results2