Insulin subjects muscles. Medical search. Frequent questions

The objective of this study was to determine whether muscle mass is independently associated with insulin sensitivity (IS) in young adults with overweight/obesity. (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Association between tertiles of % ideal appendicular lean mass and insulin sensitivity. (nature.com)
We examined the effect of three months of rosiglitazone treatment (4 mg b.i.d.) on whole-body insulin sensitivity and in vivo peripheral adipocyte insulin sensitivity as assessed by glycerol release in microdialysis from subcutaneous fat during a two-step (20 and 120 mU · m −2 · min −1 ) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in nine type 2 diabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
0.05) and a 52% increase in the sensitivity of peripheral adipocytes to the inhibitory effects of insulin on lipolysis ( P = 0.04). (diabetesjournals.org)
In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones enhance insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes by promoting increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral adipocytes, which results in lower plasma fatty acid concentrations and a redistribution of intracellular lipid from insulin responsive organs into peripheral adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Encouraging preclinical results suggest that β3-AR agonists could also improve obesity-related metabolic disease by increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis, and insulin sensitivity.METHODS We treated 14 healthy women of diverse ethnicities (27.5 ± 1.1 years of age, BMI of 25.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2) with 100 mg mirabegron (Myrbetriq extended-release tablet, Astellas Pharma) for 4 weeks in an open-label study. (jci.org)
0.01), reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (P = 0.01), and improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) and β cell function (P = 0.01). (jci.org)
Studies have consistently shown that there is a link between insulin resistance and circadian rhythm, with insulin sensitivity being higher in the morning and lower in the evening. (wikipedia.org)
This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
Insulin sensitivity was also improved. (breakingmuscle.com)
The mice had increased oral glucose tolerance and an increased insulin sensitivity compared to normal mice. (bruker.com)
Experiments repeated with liver-specific AIF knockout mice showed the same result--increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. (bruker.com)
A multisystem AIF knockout mouse, the Harlequin mouse, was also found to have the same qualities of improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and resistance to diet-induced obesity and diabetes. (bruker.com)
The conclusion of these studies was that reduced OxPhos led to reduced adiposity and increased insulin sensitivity--a contradiction of the theory that reduced OxPhos was the cause of T2DM. (bruker.com)
2005 ). Both training methods have been reported to improve blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes (Belli et al. (jssm.org)
2002 ). It has been stated in a meta-analysis that combined aerobic and resistance training has additional benefits for improving insulin sensitivity and decreases in both body mass and fasting blood glucose concentration compared with those of aerobic or resistance training by themselves (Snowling and Hopkins, 2006 ). (jssm.org)
The underlying mechanism of stress hyperglycemia is a complex network of biological signaling pathways that decrease sensitivity to insulin [5] and increase endogenous glucose production (EGP). (confex.com)
Patient glucose measurements are fit by adjusting a single, time-varying insulin sensitivity parameter. (confex.com)
Specifically, TNF-α, cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon dynamics are simulated to match the insulin sensitivity profile for each patient. (confex.com)
Mathematical models of acute inflammation and counterregulation are used as explanatory mechanisms driving insulin sensitivity, which enforce pathway specific dynamics on overall glucose dynamics. (confex.com)
Muscle insulin resistance is a hallmark of upper body obesity (UBO) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), whereas lower body obesity (LBO) is characterized by near-normal insulin sensitivity. (mayo.edu)
Classical assessment techniques for exercise tolerance (cardiopulmonary exercise testing and dynamometry testing), cardiac function (echocardiography), body composition (dexa scan), glycemic control and insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test), skeletal muscle physiology (by muscle biopsy and subsequent in vitro techniques) and adipocyte physiology (by subcutaneous fat biopsy and subsequent in vitro techniques) are often applied. (uhasselt.be)
Natriuretic peptides in the control of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. (uhasselt.be)
Subjects were classified as MNO or as metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) based on an accepted cut-point for insulin sensitivity (measured by the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp technique). (nih.gov)
We identified 17 MNO subjects who displayed high insulin sensitivity (11.2 +/- 2.6 mg/min.kg lean body mass) and 26 MAO subjects with lower insulin sensitivity (5.7 +/- 1.1 mg/min.kg lean body mass). (nih.gov)
Our results support the existence of a subgroup of obese but metabolically normal postmenopausal women who display high levels of insulin sensitivity despite having a high accumulation of body fat. (nih.gov)
However, they had become aware of data that suggested people with large amounts of belly fat would see their insulin sensitivity worsen. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
At the end of the study, all of the individuals showed a worsening of insulin sensitivity, as determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
There are no conflicts of interests to report.Different diets have distinct impacts on glucose homoeostasis, for which insulin sensitivity (IS) after a meal (postprandial IS) is highly relevant. (ibict.br)
These animals showed no alterations in body weight and fat content but exhibited a reduction in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. (uni-koeln.de)
Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic agent (thiazolidinedione derivative) that improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity. (medscape.com)

Less muscle mass has been associated with greater insulin resistance, but whether the association is independent of deleterious adipose depots in young adults with overweight/obesity who are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) but are otherwise metabolically healthy is not known. (nature.com)
Byrne CD, Targher G. Ectopic fat, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for cardiovascular disease. (nature.com)
We sought to identify the pathways compromised in insulin resistance and to test the effect of moderate exercise on whole-body and cellular insulin action. (jci.org)
Thus, insulin resistance differentially affects the PI 3-kinase and MAP kinase signaling pathways, and insulin-stimulated IRS-1-association with PI 3-kinase defines a key step in insulin resistance. (jci.org)
Another pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, appears to play a part in the progression of diabetes, insulin resistance, and autoimmunity in both type 1 and 2 diabetes and complications in diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
TGF-β, especially TGF-β1 as an uppermost isoform of TGF-β superfamily, may play a very essential role in the development of insulin resistance and obesity and finally, diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
Insulin resistance ( IR ) is a pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia . (wikipedia.org)
In states of insulin resistance, the same amount of insulin does not have the same effect on glucose transport and blood sugar levels. (wikipedia.org)
There are many causes of insulin resistance and the underlying process is still not completely understood. (wikipedia.org)
Risk factors for insulin resistance include obesity , sedentary lifestyle , family history of diabetes, various health conditions, and certain medications. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin resistance is considered a component of the metabolic syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
There are multiple ways to measure insulin resistance such as fasting insulin levels or glucose tolerance tests, but these are not often used in clinical practice. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin resistance can be improved or reversed with lifestyle approaches, such as exercise and dietary changes. (wikipedia.org)
There are a number of risk factors for insulin resistance, including being overweight or obese or having a sedentary lifestyle . (wikipedia.org)
[1] Various genetic factors can increase risk, such as a family history of diabetes, and there are some specific medical conditions associated with insulin resistance, such as polycystic ovary syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
Dietary factors are likely to contribute to insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Foods that have independently been linked to insulin resistance include those high in sugar with high glycemic indices , low in omega-3 and fiber, and which are hyperpalatable which increases risk of overeating. (wikipedia.org)
The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is inversely correlated with insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
[3] It is hypothesized that increasing cell membrane fluidity by increasing PUFA concentration might result in an enhanced number of insulin receptors, an increased affinity of insulin to its receptors, and reduced insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Vitamin D deficiency has also been associated with insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Sedentary lifestyle increases the likelihood of development of insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
A mismatch between the circadian rhythm and the meals schedule, such as in circadian rhythm disorders , may increase insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Some medications are associated with insulin resistance including corticosteroids , protease inhibitors (type of HIV medication), [11] and atypical antipsychotics . (wikipedia.org)
Being exposed to light during sleep has been shown to cause insulin resistance and increase heart rate. (wikipedia.org)
Many hormones can induce insulin resistance including cortisol , [14] growth hormone , and human placental lactogen . (wikipedia.org)
Cortisol counteracts insulin and can lead to increased hepatic gluconeogenesis , reduced peripheral utilization of glucose, and increased insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance are major inducers of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that characterizes the diabetic heart. (hindawi.com)
Mitochondria have been thought to contribute to insulin resistance, but their role has been unclear. (bruker.com)
NMR studies have tracked a correlation between OxPhos and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. (bruker.com)
Mice with a mosaic (mixed) muscle-specific knockout pattern also showed the same qualities of increased glucose tolerance and resistance to obesity and diabetes. (bruker.com)
They engineered AIF knockout mice with muscle- or liver-specific OxPhos deficiency and confirmed that the animals were a valid model for OxPhos dependency of insulin resistance. (bruker.com)
As part of that validation, they determined that OxPhos was dissociable from reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by electron flux through OxPhos and are known to cause insulin resistance. (bruker.com)
Basically, they made the mice very inefficient consumers of fuel, which prevented them from gaining weight on a high fat diet or developing insulin resistance. (bruker.com)
Each session consisted of a warm-up period, 30 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise, 10 minutes of resistance training with five leg muscle exercises (two sets of 10-12 repetitions at 50-70% of 1RM for each activity), and a cool-down period. (jssm.org)
2005 ), while resistance training increases muscle force and muscle fiber size (Brooks et al. (jssm.org)
That is, whether acute transient changes in skeletal muscle PRO turnover induced by nutrient manipulation after a single bout of resistance exercise translates into greater gains in lean mass, muscle hypertrophy, and/or exercise performance after chronic training. (lww.com)
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
Insulin resistance underlies a constellation of adverse metabolic and physiological changes (the insulin resistance syndrome) which is a strong risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and CHD. (cambridge.org)
Lipodystrophy, lack of adipose tissue, is also associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
Any plausible explanation for the link between excess adipose tissue and insulin resistance needs to be able to account for this observation. (cambridge.org)
Accumulation of triacylglycerol in skeletal muscles and in liver is associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
This view of the link between adipose tissue and insulin resistance emphasises the important role of adipose tissue in 'buffering' the daily influx of dietary fat entering the circulation and preventing excessive exposure of other tissues to this influx. (cambridge.org)
Björntorp , P ( 1994 ) Fatty acids, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance: which comes first? (cambridge.org)
The counterregulatory response occurs following a hypoglycemic event, common in the ICU [4], and increases blood glucose via increased EGP and insulin resistance leading to reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU). (confex.com)
Both pathways are evaluated to determine whether they act individually or concurrently to produce observed insulin resistance and stress hyperglycemia in ICU patients. (confex.com)
Several reports support the notion that an increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) is key in the development of insulin resistance and T2D ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Taken together, these studies confirm that muscle insulin resistance represents a major factor in the pathogenesis of T2D. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, if an altered ability to oxidize FA represents an important contributor to the genesis of insulin resistance, assessing the capacity to burn fat in human subjects by RQ measurements might be a predictor of MetS and T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
The dose-response of weekly resistance training volume on skeletal muscle adaptations in trained males. (bham.ac.uk)
Bodybuilders who practice energy restriction in addition to resistance training and high-intensity exercises have a high protein threshold to meet for muscle gain. (breakingmuscle.com)
By identifying which steps in the insulin signaling pathway are most affected, we will determine the site-specific effect of ceramides and/or DG on different degrees of insulin resistance. (mayo.edu)
These changes mimic those observed in diabetes and insulin resistance and, if sustained, may result in mitochondrial dysfunction in the prediabetic/insulin-resistant state. (diabetesjournals.org)
At the ultra-structural level, a reduction in the number, location, and morphology of mitochondria is strongly associated with insulin resistance ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
She has obtained her PhD in Nutrition from McGill University and her thesis was about the loss of muscle mass and the development of insulin resistance in elderly subjects. (omicsonline.org)
Her research is focused on diabetes and insulin resistance as well as metabolically healthy obesity. (omicsonline.org)
Although obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and a cluster of metabolic disturbances, the existence of a subgroup of healthy but obese individuals has been postulated. (nih.gov)
It is unclear why some obese individuals fail to show traditional risk factors associated with the insulin resistance syndrome despite having a very high accumulation of body fat. (nih.gov)
Previous reports suggested that it could play a role in weight loss, preventing arterial disease and cancer, and improving insulin resistance. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
CLA, at least in some people, may increase insulin resistance. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
High-fat diet results in postprandial insulin resistance that involves parasympathetic dysfunctionParasympatheticnitric-oxidevisceraladipositypostmealadipose-tissueobesenervesskeletal-musclewhiteblockadeoxidativeHigh-fatdietzuckerObesitystressglucoserattestInsulinristresistancenervous-systemsynthasesensitivityObesityHigh-fat dietInsulin resistanceParasympathetic nervesSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingWe are indebted to Dr Zhi Ming for sharing technical expertise and Gerald Nolette from the Central Animal Care Services of the University of Manitoba for animal care assistance. (ibict.br)
In conclusion, fat accumulation induced by HFD is associated with postprandial insulin resistance, but not with fasting insulin resistance. (ibict.br)
HFD-associated postprandial insulin resistance is largely mediated by impairment of parasympathetic-dependent insulin action, which correlates with adiposity. (ibict.br)
To specifically define the role of hepatic IL-6 signaling in insulin action and resistance, we have generated mice with hepatocyte-specific IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) alpha deficiency (IL-6R alpha(L-KO) mice). (uni-koeln.de)
Thus, our results reveal an unexpected role for hepatic IL-6 signaling to limit hepatic inflammation and to protect from local and systemic insulin resistance. (uni-koeln.de)
Resistance training is actually a catabolic activity that tears down muscle fibers. (ironmanmagazine.com)
That triggers an anabolic process by which the body repairs and builds stronger muscle to be able to handle more stress (resistance) through adaptation. (ironmanmagazine.com)
This ability of GH to induce insulin resistance is significant for the defense against hypoglycemia, for the development of "stress" diabetes during fasting and inflammatory illness, and perhaps for the "Dawn" phenomenon (the increase in insulin requirements in the early morning hours). (scienceopen.com)
Recent statistics indicate that number of epidemiological studies standing of the role of excessive fat dep- nearly 50% of the total Arab population from each country, we did not set any osition in promoting insulin resistance, are less than 25 years of age. (who.int)
Fat accumulation in skeletal muscle combined with low mitochondrial oxidative capacity is associated with insulin resistance (IR). (medscape.com)
Fat accumulation in skeletal muscle strongly associates with the development of muscle insulin resistance (IR), the main risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). (medscape.com)
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is the denomination proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) 42 , which designates a set of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, high hypertension, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance 32 , which frequently are presented together. (bvsalud.org)
The definition by WHO demands the evaluation of the insulin resistance. (bvsalud.org)
On the other hand, the definition by NCEP-ATP III does not demand the measurement of the insulin resistance, making its use ease for epidemiological studies 5 . (bvsalud.org)
In the Japanese population, more than 20% of the population shows insulin resistance and in the adult population with diabetes mellitus type 2 the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranges from 38 to 53%, depending on the gender and the criterion used 16 . (bvsalud.org)
The insulin resistance and the proinflammatory states play a key role in the MS pathogenesis 36 . (bvsalud.org)
Metformin reduces insulin resistance (ie, metformin is an insulin sensitizer). (medscape.com)
This causes insulin resistance, which leads to type 2 diabetes", said Emma Nilsson, who carried out the study with Charlotte Ling. (lu.se)

We conducted euglycemic clamps and muscle biopsies on type 2 diabetic patients, obese nondiabetics and lean controls, with and without a single bout of exercise. (jci.org)
Insulin stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway, as measured by phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS-1 and by IRS protein association with p85 and with PI 3-kinase, was dramatically reduced in obese nondiabetics and virtually absent in type 2 diabetic patients. (jci.org)
Insulin stimulation of the MAP kinase pathway was normal in obese and diabetic subjects. (jci.org)
Exercise 24 hours before the euglycemic clamp increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor and IRS-1 in obese and diabetic subjects but did not increase glucose uptake or PI 3-kinase association with IRS-1 upon insulin stimulation. (jci.org)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
It has been found that an increase in diacylglycerol species in insulin resistant obese and T2D subjects stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas to maintain a normal glucose level ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
So Dr. Dyck and his team provided obese human subjects a typical supplemental dose of CLA (4 grams per day in divided doses) over three months. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
This effect was observed in a group of mice that were diet-induced obese, whereas, in the genetically obese subjects, it stopped them from weight gain in just 12 days where their glucose and insulin level weren't affected at all. (bigguysgym.com)

Impaired glucose transport as a cause of decreased insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes. (nature.com)

Muscle mass is associated with IS independent of detrimental adipose depots in young men with overweight/obesity, at risk for T2DM but currently metabolically healthy. (nature.com)
Adipose tissue in obesity becomes refractory to suppression of fat mobilization by insulin, and also to the normal acute stimulatory effect of insulin on activation of lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage). (cambridge.org)
The effects of obesity and different modes of training on the skeletal muscle microvasculature. (bham.ac.uk)
It is unknown whether muscle free fatty acid (FFA) availability or intramyocellular fatty acid trafficking differs between different obesity phenotypes. (mayo.edu)
However, the desired exercise type, intensity and dose, to target various crucial organs/tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the cardiovascular system, remains to be determined in patients with obesity, diabetes or heart disease. (uhasselt.be)
EFFECTS OF HIV, AGE, AND SEX ON SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND DENSITY (04/01/20) "Older age and being a woman was associated with smaller and fattier muscle, while obesity was associated with larger and fattier muscle. (natap.org)
A 2019 meta-analysis evaluating impact of chromium on anthropometric indices in subjects with overweight or obesity found a small but significant decrease in weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage. (msdmanuals.com)

Metabolic Signalling in Muscle- and Adipose-tissue Following Insulin Withdrawal and Growth Hormone Injection. (druglib.com)
We also tested if these CpG sites exhibit altered DNA methylation in human pancreatic islets, liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle from diabetic vs. non-diabetic subjects. (lu.se)
Furthermore, the level of DNA methylation at the ABCG1 locus cg06500161 in blood DNA correlated positively with BMI, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and triglyceride levels, and was increased in adipose tissue and blood from the diabetic twin among monozygotic twin pairs discordant for T2D. (lu.se)
When subjects are well nourished, the GH-induced stimulation of IGF-I and insulin is important for anabolic storage and growth of lean body mass (LBM), adipose tissue, and glycogen reserves. (scienceopen.com)

Impaired glucose metabolism originated from attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and fat. (uni-koeln.de)

The broad nature of insulin resistant glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes suggests a defect in the proximal part of the insulin signaling network. (jci.org)
The programming of blood pressure, insulin responses to glucose, cholesterol metabolism, blood coagulation, and hormonal settings are all areas of active research.The BMJ's recent editorial on the fetal origins hypothesis stated that it rests only on the "very general" proposition that fetal undernutrition causes coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
7 What is new is an understanding that some of the body's memories of early undernutrition become translated into pathology-an unsurprising conclusion since numerous experiments in animals have shown that undernutrition for even brief periods in utero leads to persisting changes in blood pressure, cholesterol metabolism, insulin responses to glucose, and in a range of other metabolic, endocrine, and immune parameters. (bmj.com)
Secondary endpoints included resting energy expenditure (REE), plasma metabolites, and glucose and insulin metabolism as assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.RESULTS Chronic mirabegron therapy increased BAT metabolic activity. (jci.org)
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinical conditions involving the impaired uptake and utilization of glucose, altered lipid metabolism, and the disruption of the metabolic signaling pathways that regulate insulin secretion from pancreas ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Evidence-based research teaches us that bodybuilders have a lowered risk of heart-related issues, burn calories more effectively, have a high muscle-to-fat ratio and increased strength threshold, and effectively manage their metabolism. (breakingmuscle.com)
Hansen D , De Strijcker D, Calders P. Impact of endurance exercise training in fasted state on muscle biochemistry and metabolism in healthy subjects: are these effects of particular clinical benefit to type 2 diabetes and insulin resistant patients? (uhasselt.be)
Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects. (scienceopen.com)
In the basal state, the effects of GH on protein metabolism are modest and include increased protein synthesis and decreased breakdown at the whole body level and in muscle together with decreased amino acid degradation/oxidation and decreased hepatic urea formation. (scienceopen.com)
GH is a counterregulatory hormone that antagonizes the hepatic and peripheral effects of insulin on glucose metabolism via mechanisms involving the concomitant increase in FFA flux and uptake. (scienceopen.com)

T2DM is caused by unbalanced insulin secretion and lack of responsiveness of peripheral cells to insulin. (bruker.com)

T2DM has become a source total of 122 studies were considered phied, becoming more resistant to the of suffering to both patients and their for the article and were reviewed in antilipolytic effects of insulin, resulting caregivers. (who.int)

It is characterized by hyperglycemia and defective production and/or secretion of insulin and complications in the heart, kidney, and neural system leading to death, which have drawn notable attention to the management of diabetes. (frontiersin.org)

3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
By measuring muscle FFA storage into intramyocellular triglyceride, intramyocellular fatty acid trafficking, activation of the insulin signaling pathway and glucose disposal rates we will provide the first integrated examination of the interaction between FFA and muscle insulin action from the whole body to the cellular/molecular level. (mayo.edu)

Genetic studies have shown that mitochondrial genes (PGC-1α and NRF-1) related to OxPhos are downregulated in insulin resistant subjects. (bruker.com)
At the molecular and structural level, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function are altered in diabetes, as well as in insulin-resistant relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Adult patients with GH deficiency are insulin resistant-probably related to increased adiposity, reduced LBM, and impaired physical performance-which temporarily worsens when GH treatment is initiated. (scienceopen.com)
Conversely, despite increased LBM and decreased fat mass, patients with acromegaly are consistently insulin resistant and become more sensitive after appropriate treatment. (scienceopen.com)

Exercise training improved the lipid profile and also increased the leg muscle strength and 6-minute walking distance of the trained subjects. (jssm.org)
When the Fatty acid (FA) oxidation capacity in the muscle decreases, the intramyocellular lipid concentration increases ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
In untrained subjects, lipid infusion reduced oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), whereas trained subjects were completely protected against lipid-induced reduction in NOGD, supported by dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase. (medscape.com)
An interesting model in this context is the model of lipid infusion, whereby elevation of circulating fatty acids rapidly leads to the accumulation of IMTGs in skeletal muscle and the development of IR within 3−24 h after the onset of lipid infusion. (medscape.com)
[ 15−20 ] Thus, this model can be used to investigate whether mitochondrial function and content affect lipid-induced IR by comparing subjects with high and low mitochondrial function. (medscape.com)
To this end, the current study examined the development of lipid-induced IR in endurance-trained athletes, who were selected based on a high maximal oxygen uptake in a graded exercise test and compared with untrained, but otherwise healthy, subjects. (medscape.com)
Although chromium deficiency impairs insulin function, there is little evidence that supplementation helps patients with diabetes, nor is there evidence that it benefits body composition or lipid levels. (msdmanuals.com)

Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, we investigated whether DIM could improve insulin-dependent diabetes and nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)
Two studies show that just two weeks of decreased physical activity brings you closer to becoming diabetic by decreasing your body's response to insulin, raising blood sugar levels after meals and making you fatter. (drmirkin.com)
Two recent microarray studies have shown that genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit reduced expression levels in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects and prediabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
DNA methylation at the PHOSPHO1 locus cg02650017 in blood correlated positively with HDL levels, and was decreased in skeletal muscle from diabetic vs. non-diabetic monozygotic twins. (lu.se)
Intravenous fluoroquinolone was administered for suspected left upper lobe bacterial pneumonia, and fluid resuscitation and intravenous insulin were administered for diabetic ketoacidosis. (cdc.gov)

The researchers took biopsies of the subjects' muscles at least five days before beginning the training program and then again after completion. (breakingmuscle.com)
To test this hypothesis, we fed 10 insulin-sensitive males an isoenergetic HFD for 3 days with muscle biopsies before and after intervention. (diabetesjournals.org)
Quadriceps muscle biopsies were taken at 10 h. (diva-portal.org)
Muscle biopsies were taken to perform high-resolution respirometry and protein phosphorylation/expression. (medscape.com)

These two metabolic regulatory pathways are coupled with an model of glucose and insulin homeostasis [6] from literature to resolve patient specific variations in metabolic state. (confex.com)
Today, these drugs broadly target muscle-building pathways in the body and often come with crippling hormonal side effects that doctors like Thomas O'Connor, aka "the Anabolic Doc," have to confront in his office multiple times per day. (muscleandfitness.com)

This was caused by a reduction in fasting insulin levels, which is a good sign for prevention of metabolic disease . (breakingmuscle.com)
Initial metabolic analysis of the mice who had OxPhos deficient skeletal muscle at 8 weeks revealed a surprise. (bruker.com)
This model of glucose and insulin, combined with mechanistic counterregulatory and inflammatory dynamics, serves as a simulation platform to generate clinically-relevant critically ill patient metabolic profiles. (confex.com)
Creatinine is produced by creatine and creatine phosphate as a result of muscle metabolic processes. (cdc.gov)

Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to carbohydrates consumed in the diet. (wikipedia.org)
Repaglinide is a meglitinide analogue, a secretagogue that acts on the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin. (medscape.com)
This means that they are not able to process fat as well, which leads to raised levels of fat in the blood and uptake of fat by other organs instead, such as the muscles, liver or pancreas. (lu.se)

Chromium picolinate is said to promote weight loss, build muscle, reduce body fat, lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and enhance insulin function. (msdmanuals.com)

peripheral insulin-stimulated uptake is increased. (medscape.com)
These agents stimulate peripheral use of glucose as stimulated by insulin. (medscape.com)

All of the participants had significant rises in blood sugar, lowered response to insulin, raised blood cholesterol, decreased leg muscle size and increased fat in their bellies. (drmirkin.com)
SR9009 Stenabolic in animal studies shows remarkable improvements in reducing inflammation, weight gain, and blood cholesterol level while improving muscle tone, endurance level, and overall physical stamina. (bigguysgym.com)
In a study done on mice, the 7 days' intake of SR9009 showed the reduction of free fat cells, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides. (bigguysgym.com)

Hypothesis 1: Greater trafficking of plasma FFA into intramyocellular DG will impair proximal insulin signaling and reduce muscle glucose uptake. (mayo.edu)

For example, insulin and glycogen are antagonistic hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Signaling data support the notion that high glucose uptake in trained subjects is maintained by shuttling glucose toward storage as glycogen. (medscape.com)

These factors are central to the Pathway of Adaptation Model and influence the sequence of events responsible for exercise-induced muscle growth and increased strength expression after nutrient ingestion. (lww.com)

Undernutrition slows cell division either as a direct effect or through altered concentrations of growth factors or hormones, of which insulin and growth hormone are particularly important. (bmj.com)
Concentrations of fasting and 2-hour post-glucose challenge plasma glucose and serum insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin decreased significantly in the exercise group. (jssm.org)
MNO subjects had lower fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and lower insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (P: values ranging between 0.01-0.001). (nih.gov)
Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors regulates insulin-responsive gene transcription involved in glucose production, transport, and utilization, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations and reducing hyperinsulinemia. (medscape.com)

In addition, the effects of rosiglitazone on liver and muscle triglyceride content were assessed by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Your muscles and liver are the only places in your body in which you can store significant amounts of sugar. (drmirkin.com)
When your blood sugar rises, and your muscles and liver are full of sugar, all extra sugar is converted to triglycerides, a fat that is stored in your body. (drmirkin.com)
Once you fill up your muscles and liver with sugar, all extra sugar is converted to fat and stored in your body to make you even fatter. (drmirkin.com)
Glutamate is naturally made in the human brain and present within the muscle, kidney, and liver. (ubc.ca)
The main origins for Rev-ErbA are muscle, liver and fat tissues. (bigguysgym.com)
Criteria for LD are similar to those outlined for alcoholics with liver disease subjects except that drinking history should be similar to that of healthy volunteers. (who.int)
Subjects after liver transplant. (who.int)
These subjects must have successful liver transplantation at least 6 mos prior to the study and are on stable doses of immunosuppression for 3 mos. (who.int)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. (researchgate.net)

Endurance-trained athletes, characterized by a high oxidative capacity, have elevated intramyocellular lipids, yet are highly insulin sensitive. (medscape.com)

DCM entails the damage of the myocardium through fibrosis, steatosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy [ 3 ] and results from the switch of substrate supply to free fatty acids (FFA) that follows the reduced levels of insulin, glucose transporters, and glucose consumption [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
GH exerts anabolic effects directly and through stimulation of IGF-I, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA). (scienceopen.com)

Glucose transporter 4 and localisation in skeletal muscle: the effect of glucose and insulin administration, acute exercise and exercise training. (bham.ac.uk)

This was associated with DIM‐enhanced phosphorylation of the signaling intermediates Akt, insulin receptor substrate‐1, and insulin receptor early in differentiation. (researchgate.net)

It mimics endogenous insulin patterns, restores early insulin secretion, and controls mealtime glucose surges. (medscape.com)

lack of GH during fasting increases protein loss and urea production rates by approximately 50%, with a similar increase in muscle protein breakdown. (scienceopen.com)

PGC1α- and PGC1β-responsive OXPHOS genes show reduced expression in the muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes ( 3 , 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Insulin stimulation of glucose-disposal correlated with association of p85 with IRS-1. (jci.org)

And with three sessions per week, the subjects completed a total of thirty minutes of exercise weekly, just three minutes of which was high intensity. (breakingmuscle.com)
Exercise training decreased waist-hip ratio and body fat of the trained subjects. (jssm.org)
The role of thin fibre muscle afferent feedback, and its modification by exercise training, in human ventilatory control. (bham.ac.uk)
The role of skeletal muscle afferent feedback in ventilator and cardiovascular control during human exercise. (bham.ac.uk)
Resting muscles do not pull sugar from your bloodstream, and when muscles become smaller and weaker they lose much of their ability to remove sugar from your bloodstream when you do exercise. (drmirkin.com)
To regain your muscle size and strength, you need to exercise intensely enough to damage the muscle fibers so they will be stronger when they heal. (drmirkin.com)
Using a good support supplement like weight training) damages muscle heavier weights and producing relatively greater muscle tension during exercise than novice subjects. (xamuel.com)
In the primary and secondary prevention of these cardiometabolic diseases, exercise intervention is a cornerstone, as it leads to significant reductions in adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalisations and premature death, by improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, exercise capacity and muscle strength, and quality of life. (uhasselt.be)

The experiment returned the AIF knockout mice to normal glucose tolerance and plasma peak insulin levels. (bruker.com)
It has been shown that controlling glucose levels using intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can reduce mortality [1, 2]. (confex.com)
Most of the subjects did not have their markers of diabetes return to their more normal levels two weeks after they resumed their normal activity levels. (drmirkin.com)
After you have stopped exercising for just a few weeks, your muscles are smaller and weaker and cannot remove as much sugar from your bloodstream when blood sugar levels rise too high. (drmirkin.com)
For the best results insulin levels must testosterone cousins are, it offers outstanding convenience five years jail. (xamuel.com)
IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-5 mRNA are present in adult human skeletal muscle, but no significant changes between meal groups were observed for IGF-I, IGF-II or IGFBP-5 mRNA levels, indicating that the expression of these genes are not altered acutely by nutrients and insulin. (diva-portal.org)
These agents stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, lowering blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)

Physical activity has been defined as 'any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. (cdc.gov)

Glucose toxicity and the development of diabetes in mice with muscle-specific inactivation of GLUT4. (nature.com)

Anatomy56

Organisms17

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care3

Sensitivity33

Resistance77

Obese8

Decreased insulin-stimulated1

Obesity7

Adipose tissue4

Attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose1

Metabolism10

Unbalanced insulin secretion1

Effects of insulin1

Secretion of insulin1

Activation of the insulin signali2

Resistant4

Lipid7

Diabetic6

Biopsies4

Pathways2

Metabolic4

Pancreas3

Triglyceride levels1

Peripheral2

Cholesterol3

Hypothesis1

Glycogen2

Pathway1

Concentrations4

Liver9

Hyperglycemia1

Intramyocellular1

Fatty2

Acute1

Phosphorylation1

Endogenous1

Increases1

Patients with type 2 diabet1

Glucose-disposal1

Exercise8

Levels7

Skeletal muscles1

Mice1