• In resting cells, CD14 was associated with CD55, the Fcgamma-receptors CD32 and CD64 and the pentaspan CD47. (unideb.hu)
  • Graves' Disease results from the production of autoantibodies against receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid epithelial cells, and represents the prototype for numerous autoimmune diseases caused by autoantibodies that bind to organ-specific cell membrane antigens. (silverchair.com)
  • However, despite the ability of KEL RBCs to induce anti-KEL antibodies in the absence of complement, removal of C3 or complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) rendered recipients completely reliant on CD4+ T cells for IgG anti-KEL antibody formation. (jci.org)
  • Osteoclasts (OCs) and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system possess receptors for adhesive proteins present in the extracellular matrix. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B /TACI, TNFRSF17 /BCMA, and TNFRSF13C /BAFF-R. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. (wikidoc.org)
  • BAFF steady-state concentrations depend on B cells and also on the expression of BAFF-binding receptors. (wikidoc.org)
  • [4] BAFF is the natural ligand of three unusual tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), all of which have differing binding affinities for it. (wikidoc.org)
  • These receptors are expressed mainly on mature B lymphocytes and their expression varies in dependence of B cell maturation (TACI is also found on a subset of T-cells and BCMA on plasma cells ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Collectively, his seminar studies uncovered that FABP4 strengthens interactions among tumor stromal macrophages, adipocytes, and tumor cells and connects obesity-associated adipokines to tumor-promoting signaling, thus representing a mechanism by which obesity increases the risk and development of breast cancer and potentially other types of obesity-associated cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Li's research demonstrated that FABP5 also known as epidermal FABP (E-FABP) due to its high expression in skin epidermis is expressed in certain immune cell subsets, including macrophages and T cells, regulating immune cell lipid metabolism and function in different chronic inflammatory diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
  • Myeloid innate immune cells, such as granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), play an important role in cancer-cell recognition, initiation of inflammation and antitumor responses ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It plays a key role in host defense by promoting the development and activation of Th1 cells, chemoattraction and activation of monocytes and macrophages, upregulation of antigen presentation molecules, and immunoglobulin class switching in B cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • CD97 is a G-protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane adhesive receptor that is constitutively expressed on granulocytes and monocytes and rapidly upregulated on T and B cells upon activation. (thermofisher.cn)
  • It is expressed as a membrane-bound type II transmembrane protein [2] on various cell types including monocytes , dendritic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Despite the arsenal of defense strategies against foreign invaders, myeloid cells succumb to the instructions of an established tumor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, myeloid cells play a dual role in cancer as they can initiate antitumor responses and communicate with cells of the adaptive immune system, but also promote local inflammation leading to chronic cancer-associated inflammation ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Nevertheless, the majority of scientific discoveries points toward a more tumor-supporting role for myeloid cells in the TME. (frontiersin.org)
  • The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • SELPLG codes for PSGL-1, the high affinity counter-receptor for P-selectin on myeloid cells and stimulated T lymphocytes. (wikidoc.org)
  • Her Innate immune system research focuses on Classical complement pathway and how it connects with T cell, Complement receptor and Acquired immune system. (research.com)
  • Her study in Immunology concentrates on Complement, Inflammation, Complement receptor, Classical complement pathway and Complement membrane attack complex. (research.com)
  • As a part of the same scientific study, she usually deals with the Cell biology, concentrating on Decay-accelerating factor and frequently concerns with Complement receptor 1. (research.com)
  • STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
  • Extracellular matrix receptor and platelet antigens on osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Complete ELISpot kits are highly sensitive, microplate-based assays for the detection of cytokine secreting cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • IFN-gamma (Interferon-gamma) is the prototype proinflammatory cytokine and is produced by a variety of immune cells under inflammatory conditions, notably by T cells and NK cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • chain that inhibits cytokine signaling and exacerbates inflammation. (harvard.edu)
  • Cosentyx, an interleukin-17A (IL-17A) inhibitor, targets the cytokine responsible for the inflammation associated with HS. (ipharmacenter.com)
  • Here, we show that natural expression of NKG2D ligands on tumors provides an effective target for some cytokine-stimulated NK cells to recognize and suppress tumor metastases. (silverchair.com)
  • The role of an intact endothelial barrier in sequestering organ-specific antigens from circulating preimmune B cells is discussed. (silverchair.com)
  • The review focuses on the role of APC-derived EVs in regulating the transformation of macrophage phenotype, shaping foam cells, driving autophagy and/or inhibiting apoptosis of Th4 + cells, T regulatory cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), as well as in facilitating oxidative stress in vasculature. (bmrat.org)
  • They are secreted by a wide array of cells, including cardiac myocytes, mature and progenitor endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, immune cells like antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and malignant cells 5 , 6 . (bmrat.org)
  • The development of the disease is associated with microvascular inflammation and altered immune reaction due to strong infiltration of intima and sub-intima by oxidized lipids, oxidative stress, proliferative responses from cellular components of intima and media, accumulation of extracellular components with the shaping of atherosclerotic plaques, impaired vasomotion ability, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis, ultimately resulting in vascular remodeling and artery obstruction 11 , 12 . (bmrat.org)
  • On the one hand, similar to endothelial cells, parenchymal epithelia must guide leukocytes to traverse them in order to reach a localized inflammatory focus, for example, in the lung or intestinal mucosa. (hindawi.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and associated risk factors precipitate endothelial injury, leading to HSCT-TMA and other endothelial injury syndromes such as hepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, capillary leak syndrome, and graft-versus-host disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelial injury can trigger activation of the complement system, promoting inflammation and the development of endothelial injury syndromes, ultimately leading to organ damage and failure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, the lectin pathway of complement is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on the surface of injured endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelial injury triggers activation of the complement system-significantly through the lectin pathway-via altered cell-surface patterns on injured endothelial cells, initiating an inflammatory response [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 ( PSGL-1 ) is a glycoprotein found on white blood cells and endothelial cells that binds to P-selectin (P stands for platelet ), which is one of a family of selectins that includes E-selectin (endothelial) and L-selectin (leukocyte). (wikidoc.org)
  • The first step in this interaction process is carried out by PSGL-1 interacting with P-selectin and/or E-selectin on endothelial cells and adherent platelets. (wikidoc.org)
  • This interaction results in "rolling" of the white blood cell on the endothelial cell surface followed by stable adhesion and transmigration of the white blood cell into the inflamed tissue. (wikidoc.org)
  • Li has conducted research on the role of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), particularly FABP4 and FABP5, in chronic inflammation, obesity, cancer development, and their influence on immune cell functions relevant to obesity-related diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Li's research primarily explores the functions of Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs) in obesity, chronic inflammation, and cancer development, with a specific focus on the complex relationship between obesity and 13 different types of cancers and the unexplored molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2008). Moreover, data from this same study showed that, while relatively few SNPs were found among 10 different USA300 genomes, genes encoding cell envelope proteins more commonly exhibited high dN/dS ratios (57% of all genes with multiple nonsynonymous substitutions) (Kennedy et al. (dub-signal.com)
  • The data suggest that cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions involving adhesive proteins may be important in OC and FBGC function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The mutation in the PIGA gene causes the deficit or lack of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, and as a result, GPI-anchored type factors regulating the complement system on the membrane of red blood cell [CD55 or decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59] are deficient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) is a gene complex that encodes the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) proteins . (amboss.com)
  • Although tumor-promoting functions have been attributed to other granulocytes, like eosinophils ( 17 ), basophils ( 18 ) and mast cells ( 19 ), further research is required to fully elucidate their role in cancer, as antitumoral roles have also been described ( 20 , 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Activated T cells are required for tumor suppression, as their depletion reduces antitumor activity. (jci.org)
  • B-cell activating factor ( BAFF ) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds specifically to CD30 ANTIGEN. (wakehealth.edu)
  • It is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is a key mediator of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the vast majority of cells. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Her Complement system research integrates issues from Proteases, Biochemistry, Binding site and Cell biology. (research.com)
  • Her primary areas of investigation include Immunology, Complement system, Factor H, Cell biology and Alternative complement pathway. (research.com)
  • Her primary areas of study are Complement system, Macular degeneration, Complement, Disease and Factor H. She has researched Complement system in several fields, including Clusterin, Endosome and Cell biology. (research.com)
  • In patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), the membrane-attack complex (MAC) formed on red blood cells (RBCs) causes hemolysis due to the patient's own activated complement system by an infection, inflammation, or surgical stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed by the membrane-attack complex (MAC) formed by the body's own activated complement system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The innate immune system comprises physical, chemical, and biological barriers (e.g., the skin , gastric acid , commensal organisms ) and both cellular (e.g., granulocytes , natural killer cells , mast cells ) and humoral ( complement system ) defense mechanisms . (amboss.com)
  • Interaction of CD97 on leukocytes and CD55 on vessel cells probably facilitate leukocyte activation and migration into the tissues, similarly, CD97 seems to play a role in tumour migration and invasiveness. (thermofisher.cn)
  • We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed parenchyma requires successive interactions with cellular and stromal barriers that establish mechanical, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients to guide immune cells towards the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, these barriers contain damaged or infected cells that are part of the inflammatory focus and the endpoint of the leukocyte migratory journey, so some sort of footprint, which is not completely understood, must exist in these cells to promote a preferential adhesion with infiltrated leukocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
  • We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
  • Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • These areas are often made up of polarized parenchymal epithelial cells that form barriers to compartmentalize functions in cavities of the liver, intestine or lungs (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • In breast tissue, the luminal epithelial cells express CK 8/18, CK 7 and CK 19, while basal/myoepithelial cells express CK 5/6, CK 14 and CK 17. (ijpmonline.org)
  • His work has linked FABPs to diseases like obesity, chronic inflammation, and cancer risk and development, while also identifying clinical applications through targeted FABP activity modification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic inflammation, however, can initiate tumorigenesis and can drive cancer progression in some cancer types ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for the development of numerous disorders, of which most are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
  • In line with this hypothesis, male mice exposed to the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC, 19 days) model develop GC resistance of in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocytes, splenomegaly and an increased percentage of splenic CD11b+ cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. (canopybiosciences.com)
  • [6] [7] It is found on B-cell lymphomas , hairy cell leukemia , B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia , and melanoma cancer stem cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • Autoantibodies directed against molecules that are unique to the surface of cells in the parenchyma of discrete organs underlie the pathogenesis of a variety of organ-specific autoimmune diseases ( 1 ). (silverchair.com)
  • In addition, the panel is designed to cover adaptive and innate immune system reactions associated with the 6 most common autoimmune diseases and uses unique cell profiling data to measure the abundance of immune cell type providing powerful insights into immune system response. (canopybiosciences.com)
  • Autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. (canopybiosciences.com)
  • One such disorder is cold agglutinin disease (CAD), an autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which autoantibodies (cold agglutinins) bind to red blood cells (RBCs) at low temperatures. (ashpublications.org)
  • CD20 is the target of the monoclonal antibodies rituximab , ocrelizumab , obinutuzumab , ofatumumab , ibritumomab tiuxetan , tositumomab , and ublituximab , which are all active agents in the treatment of all B cell lymphomas , leukemias , and B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. (wikidoc.org)
  • Obese mice administered anti-B cell CD-20 antibodies, however, did not become less responsive to insulin and as a result did not develop diabetes mellitus or the metabolic syndrome, the posited mechanism being that anti-CD20 antibodies rendered the T cell antibodies dysfunctional and therefore powerless to cause insulin desensitivity by a B cell antibody-modulated autoimmune response. (wikidoc.org)
  • mice could be achieved by reconstituting CD8+ T cells in deficient hosts suggesting that practical plasticity was still possible after thymic development differentiation and emigration. (siamtech.net)
  • This gene encodes a B-lymphocyte surface molecule that plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • However, inflammation causes the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) such as P-selectin on the surface of the blood vessel wall. (wikidoc.org)
  • Immune-mediated disease that causes skin cells to rapidly build up on the surface of the skin. (canopybiosciences.com)
  • B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated- glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase ( CD45 R+, CD117 +) and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity. (wikidoc.org)
  • Inadequate level of BAFF will fail to activate B cells to produce enough immunoglobulin and will lead to immunodeficiency. (wikidoc.org)
  • The antigenic phenotype of OCs and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) was investigated for the presence of several integrin molecules and other largely platelet-associated antigens involved in cell adhesion reactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pattern-recognition molecules such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectins, and ficolins-collectively termed lectins-bind to DAMPs on injured host cells, forming activation complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1, 2, and 3 (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Selectins are part of the broader family of cell adhesion molecules . (wikidoc.org)
  • Thus GITR arousal of nTregs and signaling through JNK2 however not JNK1 prompted the increased loss of regulatory function while concomitantly attaining pathogenic Compact disc4+ T effector cell function in charge of exacerbating asthma-like immunopathology. (siamtech.net)
  • In the lack of or disturbance with MHC I-CD8 connections the regulatory actions of nTregs had been altered not merely leading to the increased loss of suppression however in their transformation to pathogenic IL-13-making Compact disc4+ T effector cells improving lung allergic replies in receiver mice (5). (siamtech.net)
  • Previously the essential part of GITR in the conversion of naturally happening CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells to pathogenic CD4+ T effector cells was implicated from the abrogation of enhancement of lung sensitive response following administration of anti-GITRL antibody (5). (siamtech.net)
  • Furthermore, he demonstrated how elevated circulating FABP4 directly binds to cancer cells, promoting the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a hallmark of breast cancer stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated B cells and memory T cells can recognize specific antigens on pathogens. (amboss.com)
  • Complement activation results in an enzymatic cascade leading to the production of opsonins and anaphylatoxins responsible for clearing pathogens and initiating inflammation. (ashpublications.org)
  • CD97 is produced in alternatively spliced forms and its cellular ligand is CD55 (DAF), which protects various cell types from complement-mediated damage. (thermofisher.cn)
  • We previously showed that blocking of inflammatory heparan sulfate domains on cultured glomerular endothelium by specific anti-HS single chain antibodies reduced polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) adhesion and chemokine binding. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 5/6 was applied on cell block sections of 23 cases of benign and 25 cases of malignant breast lesions using avidin biotin peroxidase technique. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Integrin alpha 2 beta 1 is the non-covalent heterodimer of 160 kDa alpha 2 (CD49b) and 130 kDa beta 1 (CD29) type I transmembrane glycoprotein subunits and is one of six very late antigens on activated T cells, designated VLA2 (3). (novusbio.com)
  • APC-derived EVs act as triggers of angiogenesis, neovascularization and inflammation through their participation in microvascular inflammation, angiogenesis, development of atherosclerotic plaques, and modulation of their instability. (bmrat.org)
  • In addition, IFN-gamma functions as an anti-inflammatory mediator by promoting the development of regulatory T cells and inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
  • To study how humoral tolerance is normally maintained to organ-specific membrane antigens, transgenic mice were generated selectively expressing membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) on the thyroid epithelium. (silverchair.com)
  • Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. (novusbio.com)
  • Flow (Intracellular): NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on THP-1 cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-27287AF488 (orange). (novusbio.com)
  • Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Whole cell protein from THP-1 cells was separated on a 7.5% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. (novusbio.com)
  • Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524APC (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
  • Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524PE (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
  • The majority of clinically relevant non-ABO(H) blood group antigens have been thought to drive antibody formation through T cell-dependent immune pathways. (jci.org)
  • Unexpectedly, our findings demonstrated that KEL RBCs actually possess the ability to induce antibody formation independent of CD4+ T cells or complement component 3 (C3), two common regulators of antibody formation. (jci.org)
  • Antibody FMC7 ( F linder M edical C entre) appears to recognise a conformational variant of CD20 [10] [11] also known as the FMC7 antigen. (wikidoc.org)
  • STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)
  • and increase CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration. (jci.org)
  • The innate immune system develops in utero and, unlike the adaptive (acquired) immune system , does not require imprinting or adaptation to specific antigens nor does it provide permanent pathogen -specific immunity . (amboss.com)
  • In addition to TAMs, solid tumors are also infiltrated by immunosuppressive, immature myeloid progenitor cells, commonly referred to as monocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M/PMN-MDSC) ( 11 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Given the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids (GC), one underlying mechanism might be the development of stress-induced GC resistance in certain immune cell subpopulations. (bvsalud.org)
  • [19] Increased levels of BAFF may initiate aloreactive B cell and T cell immunity, therefore may promote allograft rejection. (wikidoc.org)
  • In contrast to the deletion of autoreactive B cells triggered by systemic mHEL (Hartley, S.B., J. Crosbie, R. Brink, A.B. Kantor, A. Basten, and C.C. Goodnow. (silverchair.com)
  • Her research in Inflammation tackles topics such as Disease which are related to areas like Drug development, Systemic inflammation, Immune defence and Genotype. (research.com)
  • CD97 expression is upregulated on activated T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD97 is also expressed on several cell lines including HL-60, THP-1, and K562. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • The protein has no known natural ligand [4] and its function is to enable optimal B-cell immune response, specifically against T-independent antigens. (wikidoc.org)
  • An inflammation response that mobilizes both T and B cells results in the creation of antibodies against these cells, causing them to become less responsive to insulin by an as-yet unknown mechanism and promoting hypertension , hypertriglyceridemia , and arteriosclerosis , hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome . (wikidoc.org)
  • utilize multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry to provide a comprehensive characterization of the metastatic colorectal cancer immune microenvironment, revealing an important role for PD-L1+ antigen presenting cells in immune suppression. (jci.org)
  • Thus, we initially sought to define the role of CD4+ T cells in formation of alloantibodies to KEL, one of the leading causes of hemolytic transfusion reactions. (jci.org)
  • Moreover, while we can exclude that CSC-induced reduction in splenic GR expression is sufficient to induce functional GC resistance, the role of MIF in CD11b+ cell-mediated splenomegaly and GC resistance requires further investigation. (bvsalud.org)
  • As such, it plays a critical role in the tethering of these cells to activated platelets or endothelia expressing P-selectin. (wikidoc.org)
  • PSGL-1 is expressed on all white blood cells and plays an important role in the recruitment of white blood cells into inflamed tissue: White blood cells normally do not interact with the endothelium of blood vessels. (wikidoc.org)
  • These include macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching and various inflammatory signaling, such as IL-33/suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (ST2), Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathways, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 . (bmrat.org)
  • During the inflammatory response, immune cells egress from the circulation and follow a chemotactic and haptotactic gradient within the tissue, interacting with matrix components in the stroma and with parenchymal cells, which guide them towards the sites of inflammation. (hindawi.com)
  • Glomerulonephritis is an acquired serious glomerular disease, which involves the interplay of many factors such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, and heparan sulfate (HS). (bvsalud.org)
  • Qualitative or quantitative defect in protein S. ELISA for free protein S antigen. (medscape.com)
  • Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein (GITR)-mediated activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was shown to regulate the suppressive activity of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (nTregs) in wild-type (WT) hosts. (siamtech.net)
  • Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron / exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. (wikidoc.org)
  • Particular attention has been paid to elucidating how leukocytes can migrate through the stroma, the way these cells remodel their morphology and sense cues that guide them towards dysfunctional tissue areas. (hindawi.com)
  • Compared to the endothelium, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of infiltrated or tissue-resident immune cells with parenchymal barriers have not been so extensively studied. (hindawi.com)
  • Pathogenic transformation of Tregs in addition has been defined in various other experimental versions (25 26 Furthermore both maintenance of suppressive actions in peripheral tissue and the legislation of endogenous creation of IL-6 by nTregs had been been shown to be dependent on the current presence of Compact disc8+ T cells (21). (siamtech.net)
  • Immunohistochemistry can be used to determine the presence of CD20 on cells in histological tissue sections. (wikidoc.org)
  • Numerous animal studies as well as observational and clinical trials have shown that atherosclerosis arises from immune activation, with several cell-type specific pathways involved. (bmrat.org)
  • Although signaling cascades through MK 8742 GITR in immune cells have been explained (4) there has been little to no evidence describing involvement of these pathways in the practical plasticity of nTregs. (siamtech.net)
  • 2011). The largest subset of USA300 genes predicted to be under positive selection (45%) were involved with metabolism, whereas only 7% encoded components of the cell envelope. (dub-signal.com)
  • These results provide evidence that tolerance is not actively acquired to organ-specific antigens in the preimmune B cell repertoire, underscoring the importance of maintaining tolerance to such antigens by other mechanisms. (silverchair.com)
  • Pathogen clearance is mediated by mechanisms such as phagocytosis, respiratory burst with the production of ROS and RNS and release of bacteriostatic peptides, but also through the cell-extrinsic initiation of inflammation via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Given that the same cells are capable of exhibiting different reactions suppression or enhancement depending on the CD8 expression status of the sponsor (5 24 we hypothesized the plasticity of nTregs may also be determined by GITR-mediated activation through JNK. (siamtech.net)