Trial results show that foscarnet and ganciclovir were equally effective in halting the progression of CMV retinitis and preserving vision in patients newly diagnosed with eye disease. (nih.gov)
Although median time to progression of CMV retinitis was increased in patients treated with FOSCAVIR, reductions in positive blood or urine cultures have not been shown to correlate with clinical efficacy in individual patients. (nih.gov)
Foscarnet14
Results from a large, multicenter clinical trial show that patients with AIDS treated for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, a serious eye infection, with the antiviral drug foscarnet, lived longer than those who received the standard treatment for CMV retinitis, ganciclovir. (nih.gov)
The Foscarnet-Ganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial, a randomized, multicenter clinical trial, is supported by the National Eye Institute, a component of the National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)
According to Douglas Jabs, M.D., associate professor of ophthalmology at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and chairman of the study, "These results suggest that, for many patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis, foscarnet may be a better initial treatment than ganciclovir. (nih.gov)
In this study, patients taking foscarnet lived an average of 12 months, four months longer than patients taking ganciclovir. (nih.gov)
The difference in mortality between patients treated with foscarnet and those treated with ganciclovir cannot be fully explained by the differential use of zidovudine (AZT) or other anti-retroviral drugs by patients in these treatment groups. (nih.gov)
Nor could the difference in survival between study patients treated with foscarnet and those who received ganciclovir be explained by variations in disease severity between the two patient groups at the time they entered the study, or to other chance factors. (nih.gov)
While study patients taking foscarnet generally lived longer than those taking ganciclovir, in a small group of patients who entered the study with decreased kidney function, those taking ganciclovir lived longer. (nih.gov)
Where medically appropriate, study patients will be offered an opportunity to switch from ganciclovir to foscarnet. (nih.gov)
Foscarnet was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CMV retinitis. (nih.gov)
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of foscarnet induction treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients who have previously suffered severe dose-limiting ganciclovir-related myelosuppression, who are ineligible for ganciclovir treatment due to myelosuppression or who have clearly failed to have a therapeutic response to ganciclovir therapy. (inclinicaltrials.com)
This phosphonic acid derivative (marketed by Clinigen as foscarnet sodium under the trade name Foscavir) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes viruses, including drug-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). (wikipedia.org)
However, unlike acyclovir and ganciclovir, foscarnet is not activated by viral protein kinases, making it useful in acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant HSV and CMV infections. (wikipedia.org)
However, acyclovir- or ganciclovir-resistant mutants with alterations in viral DNA polymerase may also be resistant to foscarnet. (wikipedia.org)
Genital ulceration - a less common reported side effect which occurs more in men and usually during induction use of foscarnet. (wikipedia.org)
FOSCAVIR is an organic analogue of inorganic pyrophosphate that inhibits replication of herpesviruses in vitro including cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). (nih.gov)
The quantitative relationship between the in vitro susceptibility of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) or herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) to FOSCAVIR and clinical response to therapy has not been established and virus sensitivity testing has not been standardized. (nih.gov)
Based on the PCR results, 16 cases (69.6%) had Varicella zoster virus, 3 cases (13%) had Cytomegalovirus, 1 patient (4.3%) had Herpes simplex virus associated ARN, and 1 case (4.3%) had negative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymerase inhibitors1
In individuals treated with the DNA polymerase inhibitors acyclovir or ganciclovir, HSV or CMV particles can develop mutant protein kinases (thymidine kinase or UL97 protein kinase, respectively) that make them resistant to these antiviral drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Antiviral drugs1
Ganciclovir and other antiviral drugs are used to treat severe disease, particularly retinitis. (msdmanuals.com)
Macular Edema1
PURPOSE: To identify factors other than macular edema and retinitis location responsible for poor visual outcomes in epidemic retinitis (ER). (bvsalud.org)
Retinal1
in 1971, acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a syndrome of acute Panuveitis with retinal periarteritis progressing to diffuse necrotizing retinitis and retinal detachment (RD) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Efficacy1
Studies have shown that Valganciclovir at a dose of 900 mg orally results in blood levels of gancicolvir obtained when a standard dose of 5mg/kg intravenous is administered and is also known to have similar efficacy to intravenous Ganciclovir as induction therapy in HIV associated CMV retinitis (7). (pediatriconcall.com)
Infection5
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals and manifests as a life and sight threatening disease commonly amongst immunocompromised and HIV infected individuals. (pediatriconcall.com)
Pateints with severe CMV diseases have been treated with a loading dose of IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir in various in a study conducted in 2007 (8).A case of a preterm infant with congenital CMV infection who was treated with oral Valganciclovir and showed a good response has been reported (10). (pediatriconcall.com)
The predictive value of the CD4 + T-cell count for ocular complications in HIV infection has been called into question by reports of CMV retinitis in patients with CD4 + cell counts higher than 200 cells/mL. (medscape.com)
Вроджена та перинатальна цитомегаловірусна інфекція (ЦМВ) Cytomegalovirus infection may be acquired prenatally or perinatally and is the most common congenital viral infection. (msdmanuals.com)
HHV-5, also known as cytomegalovirus (CMV), causes a primary infection of the salivary glands and other tissues, and it is believed to have a chronic form. (medscape.com)
Mycobacterium1
They generally include Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasma encephalitis, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, tuberculosis (TB), disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), or pneumococcal respiratory disease. (medscape.com)
AIDS8
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining infectious disease that can be visually debilitating and that can potentially portend poor systemic outcomes, including early mortality. (medscape.com)
During the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s and early 1990s in the United States, intracameral drug-eluting devices (Ganciclovir) were used but have since been discontinued. (medscape.com)
CMV retinitis is a potentially blinding disease of the retina that affects about 20 percent of people with AIDS. (nih.gov)
After the development of CMV retinitis, patients with AIDS have a life expectancy of about eight months. (nih.gov)
In the past, this incompatibility has forced AIDS patients with CMV retinitis to choose between taking ganciclovir to try to save their vision or opting to take AZT in the hope of prolonging their lives. (nih.gov)
However, he cautioned that the results of this study are only applicable to people with AIDS who have CMV retinitis. (nih.gov)
Thus, HSV strains resistant to acyclovir or CMV strains resistant to ganciclovir may be sensitive to FOSCAVIR. (nih.gov)
Acute1
CMV retinitis can arise either upon acute viral introduction to the host or through viral reactivation in the context of immunocompromise. (medscape.com)
Clinical2
Prior clinical research has also focused on intravitreal therapeutics for rapid remission induction of ARN and CMV retinitis and maintenance therapy with oral antiviral agents with high vitreous penetration (i.e. valacyclovir and valganciclovir). (emory.edu)
CONCLUSION: Apart from presenting CMT and location of retinitis, multiple demographic, clinical, and imaging factors can be implicated for poor visual outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Valganciclovir3
The normal treatment plan for CMV pneumonia is using IV Ganciclovir and immunoglobulins but Valganciclovir can also be administered orally. (pediatriconcall.com)
The infant however was treated first with IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir which succeeded in decreasing the viral load successfully (10). (pediatriconcall.com)
However, is known, that valganciclovir, existing, as a mixture of R and S diasteriomers, is the active ingredient in Valcyte, which is used as an antiviral medication given to patients who have a high chance of developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after receiving a heart, kidney, or kidney-pancreas transplant. (ncats.io)
Asymptomatic1
In most patients, CMV retinitis has an insidious onset that is often asymptomatic, followed by transient visual obscurations ("floaters") and haze, and eventually leading to geographic scotoma and, possibly, complete blindness. (medscape.com)
Severe1
Severe focal disease, including retinitis, can develop in HIV-infected patients and in organ transplant recipients and other immunocompromised patients. (msdmanuals.com)
Infections2
Cytomegalovirus (CMV, human herpesvirus type 5) can cause infections that have a wide range of severity. (msdmanuals.com)
Most attention was focused on recent data related to chemoprophylaxis against disseminated MAC disease, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and fungal infections and to immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
Disease1
Cytomegalovirus end-organ-disease (CMV EOD) is still a major cause of debilitating illness in people living with HIV, especially in developing countries. (bjid.org.br)
Therapy1
however, with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV retinitis is becoming less common in this setting. (medscape.com)
Quantitative1
Specifically, they have previously assessed the utility of qualitative and quantitative PCR, as well as ganciclovir-resistance testing in the management of CMV retinitis. (emory.edu)
While such findings may argue against the protective effect of an increased CD4 + cell count, the possibility that the CMV retinitis preceded the recovery of CD4 + cell count was not ruled out. (medscape.com)
AZT generally cannot be taken in full doses concurrently with ganciclovir because both drugs have the side effect of suppressing the production of white blood cells. (nih.gov)