INOSNos2Fractional exhaled nitric oxideInhibitionEnzymeMacrophagesReactiveOxidative stressGeneInhibitorsLipopolysaccharideIsoformInterleukinEnzymesHypoxiaPolymorphismInductionMediatorsResiduesModulationPathwayProteinProteinsAirwayExpressionArginineHydrogenEndothelialConcentrationsReductionPhysiologicalActivityAcuteFormComplexLungRoleLevels
INOS20
- Like that of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the binding of Ca(2+)-bound calmodulin (CaM) also regulates the activity of the inducible isoform (iNOS). (nih.gov)
- Nitric oxide ((*)NO) producing activity (as measured using the hemoglobin assay) of iNOS bound to the B2Q and B3Q CaMs was found to be 41 and 43% of the wild-type activity, respectively. (nih.gov)
- Previously, we identified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an essential enzyme for development and reversal of smoke-induced PH and emphysema, and showed that iNOS expression in bone-marrow-derived cells drives pulmonary vascular remodelling, but not parenchymal destruction. (ersjournals.com)
- In the current study, we show that delta 9-THC produces a marked inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transcription and nitric oxide production by the macrophage line RAW 264.7 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (aspetjournals.org)
- Allele frequency of 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX5 of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes in 43 different normal populations were analyzed. (snu.ac.kr)
- Nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) exerts inhibitory and cytotoxic effects on various cells including neuronal cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- The loss of dopaminergic neurotics in the substantia nigra with Parkinson's disease may result from inflammation-induced proliferation of microglia and reactive macrophages expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (herts.ac.uk)
- We conclude that the expression of iNOS- and 3-nitrotyrosine-immunoreactivity and reduction of cell death by S-methylisothiourea suggest the effects of lipopolysaccharide may be nitric oxide-mediated, although other actions of lipopolysaccharide (independent of iNOS induction) cannot be ruled out. (herts.ac.uk)
- Moreover, protein expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were investigated using Western blot analysis. (ac.ir)
- Overproduction of nitric oxide (Zero) by inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) continues to be etiologically associated with several inflammatory, immunological, and neurodegenerative illnesses. (thetechnoant.info)
- The immune and inflammatory response involves the inducible form of nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), and subsequent nitric oxide (NO) production. (okstate.edu)
- In the present study, we investigate the effect of the bark methanol extract (BLM) on reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), the expression of protein and mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to provide scientific validation of the above said medicinal property. (phcog.com)
- aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), as an inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor and 7-nitroindazole (60 mg/kg, i.p.), as a neuronal NOS inhibitor were injected 15 min before licofelone. (j-epilepsy.org)
- In addition to neurotoxic effect in ischemic brain, inducible NOS (iNOS) also adversely affect ischemic outcome by blocking neurogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
- One isoform of NOS, inducible NOS (iNOS) is expressed in the cells such as macrophages after induction with various cytokines or mechanical stress. (elsevierpure.com)
- Immunohistochemical demonstration of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (cdc.gov)
- There are three isoforms of the NO synthesizing enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS): neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), each one involved with specific events in the brain. (frontiersin.org)
- This treatment induced a significant increase in the levels of proinflammatory mediators including the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12). (lu.se)
- Three different isoforms of NOS are known: neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3), and inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2). (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] Some have postulated that salicylates stimulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) because of the findings of iNOS stimulation in African children with fatal malaria, a disease that causes symptoms similar to those of Reye syndrome and is often treated with aspirin. (medscape.com)
Nos23
- Nitric oxide synthase, inducible is an enzyme which is encoded by the NOS2 gene in humans and mice. (wikipedia.org)
- They lack the gene encoding nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) and are susceptible to murine CMV infection. (wikipedia.org)
- We have analysed the mechanism by which palmitoylation permits the progression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) along the ER-Golgi-TGN pathway. (biologists.com)
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide1
- The following parameters were determined using extended NO analysis: airway tissue nitric oxide concentration ( C aw,NO ), airway transfer factor (or diffusing capacity) for nitric oxide ( D aw,NO ), alveolar nitric oxide concentration ( C A,NO ) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration at a flow rate of 50 mL·s -1 ( F eNO,0.05 ). (ersjournals.com)
Inhibition3
- Attenuation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol is mediated through the inhibition of nuclear factor- kappa B/Rel activation. (aspetjournals.org)
- Selective inhibition of inducible NO synthase increased intracolonic pressure in colitic but not in control rats. (qxmd.com)
- Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase with 1400W (1 mg/kg) abrogated the Cl2-induced changes in responsiveness. (cdc.gov)
Enzyme5
- In addition, nitric oxide (NO) release was measured using Griess method and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (ac.ir)
- We describe biochemical and biophysical studies on the reaction of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzyme (PHD) isoform 2 (EGLN1) with nitric oxide and a nitric oxide transfer reagent. (ox.ac.uk)
- NO synthase inhibitors or selective inhibitors of the inducible enzyme prevented colonic dilatation. (qxmd.com)
- Diagram showing the synthetic pathway responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production from arginine and O 2 and catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (frontiersin.org)
- Nitric oxide (NO) is formed from arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (medscape.com)
Macrophages1
- Nitric oxide level produced by LPS-primed macrophages was significantly decreased with all prepared fractions in a dose-dependent manner. (ac.ir)
Reactive1
- citation needed] Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical mediating in neurotransmission, antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative stress1
- The ruthenium nitric oxide donor, [Ru(HEDTA)NO], inhibits acute nociception in mice by modulating oxidative stress, cytokine production and activating the cGMP/PKG/ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway. (harvard.edu)
Gene2
- The expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene was evaluated with reverse transcription-PCR. (molvis.org)
- Subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe oxidative damage in the lenticular tissues, shown by increased formation of formazan crystals, elevated generation of superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radicals, and elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression that possibly contributed to the opacification of the lens and thus cataract formation. (molvis.org)
Inhibitors1
- Inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression fromartemisia iwayomogi. (ac.ir)
Lipopolysaccharide1
- It is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
Isoform1
- Nitric oxide (NO) can be neuroprotective or neurotoxic during cerebral ischemia, depending on the NO synthase (NOS) isoform involved. (elsevierpure.com)
Interleukin1
- Mucosal mRNA levels were 100 times greater for interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin (IL) 15, 60 times greater for tumour necrosis factor α, and 35 times greater for inducible nitric oxide synthase in MC compared with controls. (bmj.com)
Enzymes1
- In conclusion, NO generation by inducible enzymes impairs smooth muscle contractility in colitis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of toxic dilatation of the colon. (qxmd.com)
Hypoxia2
- Studies on the reaction of nitric oxide with the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (EGLN1). (ox.ac.uk)
- The hypoxic response in animals is mediated via the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). (ox.ac.uk)
Polymorphism1
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase genetic polymorphism and risk of asbestosis. (cdc.gov)
Induction2
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase is involved in the induction of changes in responsiveness to methacholine. (cdc.gov)
- MC demonstrates a T H 1 mucosal cytokine profile with IFNγ as the predominantly upregulated cytokine, with concurrent induction of nitric oxide synthase and down regulation of IFNγ-related cell junction proteins. (bmj.com)
Mediators1
- Currently, many studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) are main inflammatory mediators involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes including inflammation and carcinogenesis. (snu.ac.kr)
Residues1
- The combined results reveal the potential for the catalytic domain of PHD2 to react with nitric oxide both at its Fe(II) and at cysteine residues. (ox.ac.uk)
Modulation1
- Pain modulation by nitric oxide in the spinal cord. (frontiersin.org)
Pathway1
- Our data indicate that palmitoylation of inducible NOS at position 3 exquisitely determines its transit along the secretory pathway following a route that cannot be mimicked by a surrogate myristoylation or by a palmitate at position 2. (biologists.com)
Protein2
- Immunoblot analysis was also performed to confirm the differential expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase protein. (molvis.org)
- When rat pups were treated with intraperitoneal administration of the extract of C. maritima , the generation of free radicals as well as the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase were maintained at near normal levels. (molvis.org)
Proteins1
Airway3
- Maximum total airway nitric oxide flux ( J ' aw,NO ) was calculated from D aw,NO ( C aw,NO - C A,NO ). (ersjournals.com)
- Using extended nitric oxide analysis, it was possible to attribute the reduction in exhaled nitric oxide levels seen in ex- and current smokers to a lower total airway nitric oxide flux in ex-smokers and reduced airway and alveolar nitric oxide concentrations in current smokers. (ersjournals.com)
- The few studies investigating the effects of smoking on flow-independent NO exchange parameters indicate that smoking is related to a lower maximum total airway nitric oxide flux ( J ' aw,NO ) 7 , 14 and to a lower mean airway tissue nitric oxide concentration ( C aw,NO ) 15 . (ersjournals.com)
Expression2
- 11. Emami SA, Taghizadeh Rabe SZ, Iranshahi M, Ahi A, Mahmoudi M. Sesquiterpene lactone fraction from Artemisia khorassanica inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression through the inactivation of NF-κB. (ac.ir)
- Relationship between inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and angiogenesis in primary gallbladder carcinoma tissue. (wjgnet.com)
Arginine1
- Nitric oxide (NO) is generated from L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS) and has multiple functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. (elsevierpure.com)
Hydrogen2
- Together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is now recognized as a vital gaseous transmitter. (hindawi.com)
- The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), recognized as the third gaseous signalling molecule along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is produced enzymatically in mammals under physiological conditions [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Endothelial1
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile messenger molecule first associated with endothelial relaxing effects. (frontiersin.org)
Concentrations1
- The association between snus (oral tobacco) use and reduced nitric oxide concentrations in the airways and increased nitric oxide transfer from the airways warrants further studies. (ersjournals.com)
Reduction3
- Despite dramatically higher drug plasma levels after TC compared with curcumin gavage, resulting brain levels of parent compounds were similar, correlating with reduction in LPS-stimulated inducible nitric-oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, F2 isoprostanes, and carbonyls. (aspetjournals.org)
- It is a well-known fact that smoking is associated with a reduction in exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels. (ersjournals.com)
- A reduction in exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels was first observed in smokers in the early 1990s 1 , 2 , and this effect was found after both acute and chronic exposure to smoking 3 . (ersjournals.com)
Physiological1
- show this method can be used for examining other physiological conditions, such as exposure to nitric oxide and osmotic pressure. (osti.gov)
Activity3
- It is proposed that the activity of the HIF hydroxylases can be regulated by their reaction with nitric oxide. (ox.ac.uk)
- Inducible NO synthase was not detected in normal colons, whereas inflamed colons showed high activity. (qxmd.com)
- Antileishmanial Activity and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by RuNO Complex. (harvard.edu)
Acute1
- The contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the altered colonic contractility of acute colitis was investigated in the 2,4,6-trinitroben-zenesulfonic acid model. (qxmd.com)
Form1
- Toxic dilatation of colon in a rat model of colitis is linked to an inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. (qxmd.com)
Complex1
- Although the biological significance is unclear, the results suggest that the reaction of PHD2 with nitric oxide has the potential to be complex and are consistent with proposals based on cellular studies that nitric oxide may regulate the hypoxic response by direct reaction with the HIF hydroxylases. (ox.ac.uk)
Lung1
- Nitric oxide synthase is expressed in epithelial cells of the liver, lung and bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
Role1
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a prominent compound in the heart and its vasculature and plays an intriguing role in the physiology of this organ. (medscape.com)
Levels1
- Cytochemical localization of nitroblue tetrazolium salts and generation of superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide levels were measured. (molvis.org)