• In the 1980's the Bhutanese government saw the Lhotshampa people, natives of Southern Bhutan, as a political threat. (swarthmore.edu)
  • Bon practitioners are a minority, although the practices of the Ngalops, like that of most Bhutanese, are characterized by incorporated elements of the older ethnic religion that is also referred to by the term Bon . (ipfs.io)
  • An estimated 800 Nepali nationals have been reportedly scammed on the pretext of sending them to the US as refugees by faking their identities as Bhutanese refugees. (vifindia.org)
  • The genesis of the Bhutanese refugees in Nepal was the policy of "One Nation, One People" deployed by the Bhutan government in 1990 to curb ethnic Nepali culture and language in the southern portion of the country. (vifindia.org)
  • Bhutanese are physically similar to the Tibetans but history does not record when they crossed over the Himalayas and settled in the south-draining valleys of Bhutan. (geometry.net)
  • During the 1990s, conflict broke out between ethnic Nepalese and ethnic Bhutanese. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • Following the census, Bhutan attempted to force Bhutanese culture in order to force assimilation. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • The governments of Nepal and Bhutan have been unable to come to any agreement as far as repatriation, leaving these Bhutanese refugees in a state of limbo. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • Engaging with these and other strands is Marrying in South Asia, a volume which looks closely at Bangladeshi, Pakistani and south Indian Muslims, Bhutanese ethnic groups, Nepali widows, the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora, south Asian gays and lesbians, middle class and urban, working class communities and many other groups. (orientblackswan.com)
  • These pillars, the Bhutanese leaders say, are more directly related to human happiness than any measure of finances and economics-so all new projects in Bhutan must be judged against these four pillars. (ecotopia2121.com)
  • For many decades, these new Bhutanese lived in peace with the old Bhutanese, who themselves had migrated to Bhutan from Tibet about a thousand years before. (ecotopia2121.com)
  • Even for the citizens of Bhutan - the ones who are happy to dress in traditional Bhutanese costume every day of the year - there are many problems that detract from their happiness. (ecotopia2121.com)
  • The ethnically Nepali, Nepali-speaking Bhutanese, or Lhotsampas ("People of the south"), are a largely Hindu people who moved from Nepal to Bhutan. (cdc.gov)
  • They lived peacefully in Bhutan until the mid-1980s when Bhutan's king and the ruling Druk majority feared that their population could overrun the majority group and dilute the traditional Buddhist culture of the Druk Bhutanese. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 A cultural campaign known as "One country, one people," or "Bhutanization," was initiated in order to forge a Bhutanese national identity. (cdc.gov)
  • By 1993, more than 100,000 Lhotsampa Bhutanese had fled or were forced out of Bhutan and resettled in southeastern Nepal. (cdc.gov)
  • Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, romanized: Druk Yul [ʈuk̚˩.yː˩]), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་, romanized: Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked South Asian country, which is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bhutan ceded the Bengal Duars to British India during the Bhutan War in the 19th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historians have theorised that the state of Lhomon (literally, "southern darkness"), or Monyul ("Dark Land", a reference to the Monpa, an ethnic group in Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh, India) may have existed between 500 BC and AD 600. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this context, the term "ethnic Himalayan" refers to people who hail from Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and northern "hill regions" of India such as Sikkim and Ladakh. (ctmd.org)
  • The script is closely linked to a broad ethnic Tibetan identity, spanning across areas in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet. (codepoints.net)
  • There are many systems of racial classifications and terminology, some of debatable coherence, with one dataset grouping together "people with ancestral origins in Sub-Saharan Africa, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, among others. (venturebeat.com)
  • Labels like "South Asian" should include populations in Northeast India that might exhibit traits more common in East Asia, but ethnic groups span racial lines, and labels can fractionalize them, placing some members in one racial category and others in another. (venturebeat.com)
  • As the primary funding organization, we have worked closely with the Central Tibetan Administration in advancing education, refugee rehabilitation, religious and cultural preservation, and community development for more than 140,000 Tibetan refugees living in India, Nepal and Bhutan. (7chakrastore.com)
  • The discrimination faced by the Rohingyas in Myanmar, non-Malays in Brunei, ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia, Persons of Indonesian and Japanese descent in the Philippines, ethnic Bengalis in Pakistan and India, Bajau Laut community in Malaysia and the Philippines, Dalits, and Madheshis in Nepal, is one the main causes of statelessness in those countries. (nationalityforall.org)
  • In an interview with rediff.com 's P Rajendran , Dr Fravel argues that China has beefed up border security and associated infrastructure along all of its borders not just the one with India, although it has settled all its land border disputes, except those with India and Bhutan. (rediff.com)
  • Bounded by Tibet in the north, Assam and Nagaland in the east and Bhutan in the west, Arunachal Pradesh, fromerly known as North-East Frontier Agency or NEFA, covers an area of 83,743 square kilometres and thus has the largest territory among the seven units of North East India. (helptourism.net)
  • Given the many ethnic, regional, religious and caste fault lines running through the length and breadth of India, there have long been questions raised about India's identity as a nation. (riazhaq.com)
  • Is there an identity crisis in India? (riazhaq.com)
  • Is it religious , ethnic, caste and/or regional fault lines running through the length and breadth of India? (riazhaq.com)
  • India Bhutan Culture The culture Bhutan is among the oldest, most carefully guarded and well preserved cultures in the world. (geometry.net)
  • A sparsely populated country bordered by India to the south and China to the north, Bhutan has long maintained a policy of strict isolationism, both culturally and economically, with the goal of preserving its cultural heritage and independence. (geometry.net)
  • South Asians are individuals who themselves have come from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, or have relatives who have come from these countries. (ucsf.edu)
  • Bhutan is, like Nepal, a mountain kingdom in the Himalayas, bordered on the north by China and on the south by India. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • India shares strong cultural, religious, historical, and ethnic linkages with many countries in the region. (ipcs.org)
  • Afghanistan, Bhutan and Nepal's foreign policy were controlled by Britain, but they were not a part of British India. (mpaonline.org.uk)
  • Thimphu is the capital city of Bhutan, a small Himalayan kingdom wedged between India and Tibet. (ecotopia2121.com)
  • Bhutan is located in the Himalayan Mountains between India and China (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • They are ethnic Nepali Hindus with a distinct identity and customs, who comprise about 25 percent of the population. (frontiermyanmar.net)
  • The business - a costume rental shop offering traditional outfits of different Nepali ethnic groups - had already been operational for six years when the family came back to Nepal. (returnnetwork.eu)
  • These Lhotsampa retained their Nepali cultural identity, which the Bhutan government perceived as a threat. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • While Mukhia cut an amusing figure, the fight for tribal status in which his group is currently engaged - alongside other ethnic organisations representing Indian citizens of Nepali origin in Darjeeling and Sikkim - is no laughing matter. (himalmag.com)
  • But this also meant dismantling the sacred cow of pan-Nepali identity in favour of many discrete 'tribal' identities, and this presented an obstacle. (himalmag.com)
  • The exonym Bhutan likely derives from the Prakrit hybrid word Bhŏṭṭaṃta, a name referring to its geographical proximity to Tibet (Bhŏṭṭa). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bhutan and neighbouring Tibet experienced the spread of Buddhism, which originated in the Indian subcontinent during the lifetime of Gautama Buddha. (wikipedia.org)
  • Namgyal became the first Zhabdrung Rinpoche and his successors acted as the spiritual leaders of Bhutan like the Dalai Lama in Tibet. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Tibet Fund's primary mission is to preserve the distinct cultural and national identity of the Tibetan people. (7chakrastore.com)
  • The Bhutan refugees resided in United Nations-sponsored refugee camps in Nepal. (swarthmore.edu)
  • Unbecoming Citizens: Culture, Nationhood, and the Flight of Refugees from Bhutan. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Bhutan: refugees from Shangri-la' Index on Censorship 22.4 (1993): 9-14. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Ethnic nationalism, refugees and Bhutan' Journal of Refugee Studies 9.4 (1996): 397-420. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Anti-government protests in the early 1990s led to several thousand refugees fleeing Bhutan. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • For these refugees, the international fame of Bhutan as the "Land of Happiness' is a bitter pill to swallow. (ecotopia2121.com)
  • better source needed] Nepal and Bangladesh are located near Bhutan but do not share a border with it. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Tibetan king Songtsän Gampo (reigned 627-649), a Buddhist convert, extended the Tibetan Empire into Sikkim and Bhutan. (wikipedia.org)
  • The North Sikkim Highway , en-route to Phodong, passes Kabi Longstok. (royaltibet.com)
  • Most of the permanent settlers in Darjeeling and Sikkim were members of Nepal's ethnic groups, now commonly referred to as janajati, such as the Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Rai, Tamang or Thami. (himalmag.com)
  • The wildlife of Bhutan is notable for its diversity, including the Himalayan takin and golden langur. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2007, a decidedly strange election took place in the isolated Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, better known for its dramatic landscapes and ancient culture than for innovations in participatory democracy. (frontiermyanmar.net)
  • In recent years, there has been rapid growth in the numbers of ethnic Himalayan immigrants settling in the USA, particularly in New York City. (ctmd.org)
  • If we truly care about preserving our cultures and languages, then we need to provide our children with a platform through which they can learn and share about our unique Himalayan cultural practices and identities. (ctmd.org)
  • One example is the recurring ethno-political violence that rocked Assam's Manas National Park (MNP), in the Bhutan-Himalayan foothills, from the late 1980s till 2003 changing the spread and abundance of wildlife, including royal Bengal tigers. (mongabay.com)
  • The Ngalop are dominant in western and northern Bhutan, including Thimphu and the Dzongkha-speaking region. (ipfs.io)
  • As Ngalops are politically and culturally dominant in Bhutan, Dzongkha is the language of government and education throughout the kingdom. (ipfs.io)
  • Despite its small size and a population of just 750,000, Bhutan is a heterogeneous country, dominated by ethnic Ngalops and the Dzongkha language. (frontiermyanmar.net)
  • Dzongkha is the official language of Bhutan, but many regions in Bhutan still retain their native dialects due to their isolation. (geometry.net)
  • In 2020, Bhutan ranked third in South Asia after Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the Human Development Index, and nineteenth on the Global Peace Index as the most peaceful country in South Asia as of 2023, as well as the only South Asian country in the list's first quartile. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overall aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the creation of identity in social media for Muslim organizations in post-war Sri Lanka. (lu.se)
  • In an editorial, the paper said the arrival of a national television channel would mean that the satellite dishes dotting the Thimphu skyscape would be a thing of the past: "Once Bhutan is able to telecast national programmes and selected international programmes the cumbersome and expensive dish antennae become unnecessary. (himalmag.com)
  • In The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics. (ecotas.org)
  • Sociocultural and political change in Bhutan since the 1980s: reflections from a distance' in Development Challenges in Bhutan: Perspectives on Inequality and Gross National Happiness , edited by Johannes Dragsbæk Schmidt. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • The 1988 census was prompted by mass waves of illegal immigration into Bhutan during the 1980s. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • During the 16th century, Ngawang Namgyal unified the valleys of Bhutan into a single state. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ngalop are concentrated in the western and central valleys of Bhutan, whose total population in 2010 was about 708,500. (ipfs.io)
  • Ngalops largely follow Tibetan Buddhism , particularly the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Vajrayana that is the state religion of Bhutan. (ipfs.io)
  • Despite its public image in the West as a refuge of tranquility and traditionalism in a globalising world, Bhutan's ethnic malaise casts a long shadow over its democratisation process - the same unwelcome travails that bring the sincerity of Myanmar's democratic transition into question as November's elections approach. (frontiermyanmar.net)
  • In the first millennium, the Vajrayana school of Buddhism spread to Bhutan from the southern Pala Empire of Bengal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Buddhism was first introduced to Bhutan in the 7th century AD. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ngalop introduced Tibetan culture and Buddhism to Bhutan and comprise the dominant political and cultural element in modern Bhutan. (ipfs.io)
  • A mountainous country, Bhutan is known locally as "Druk Yul" or "Land of the Thunder Dragon", a name reflecting the cultural heritage of the country. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ethnoreligion is deeply rooted in a people's ethnic identity and conversion essentially equates to cultural assimilation. (peoplegroups.org)
  • All these groups have their distinctive social and cultural identities, speaking different languages and dialects of the Tibeto-Burma family and following different beliefs and customs. (helptourism.net)
  • navigation search Bhutan Music Parade Cradled in the folds of the Himalayas Bhutan has relied on its geographic isolation to protect itself from outside cultural influences. (geometry.net)
  • The single predominant factor that has withstood the test of time in this regard is either ethnic (such as in Assam and Tripura) or tribal as in Nagaland. (lisauk.org)
  • Thus it is evident that even if, at the point of origin ideology had any role to play, in the long run it is the ethnic and tribal perceptions that truly matter. (lisauk.org)
  • In a new Pew Research Center analysis based on dozens of focus groups, Asian American participants described the challenges of navigating their own identity in a nation where the label "Asian" brings expectations about their origins, behavior and physical self. (pewresearch.org)
  • Instead, Asian Americans' lived experiences are in part shaped by where they were born, how connected they are to their family's ethnic origins, and how others - both Asians and non-Asians - see and engage with them in their daily lives. (pewresearch.org)
  • Japanese ethnic origins are northern continental East Asia. (thegatheringbaltimore.com)
  • Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy with a king (Druk Gyalpo) as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. (wikipedia.org)
  • The focus groups were organized into 18 distinct Asian ethnic origin groups, fielded in 18 languages and moderated by members of their own ethnic groups. (pewresearch.org)
  • This approach allowed us to hear a diverse set of voices - especially from less populous Asian ethnic groups whose views, attitudes and opinions are seldom presented in traditional polling. (pewresearch.org)
  • At this historic site, a treaty of brotherhood was signed between the Lepcha chief Tetong Tek and the Tibetan Chief Khye Bumsa - bringing together the ethnic groups to establish a new Sikkimese identity. (royaltibet.com)
  • Furthermore, the consistency of racial perception varied across ethnic groups, with Filipinos in one dataset less consistently seen as Asian compared with Koreans, for example. (venturebeat.com)
  • The critique of methodological nationalism in the study of transnational migration and ethnicity usefully points out that transnational linkages can be more important for ethnic groups than their location in a particular nation-state, but this should not lead us to forget the central importance of national borders and definitions of citizenship that shape the conditions that ethnic groups try to negotiate through their transnational networks. (lu.se)
  • In 1988, the Bhutan government had conducted its first census, discovering a significant Lhotsampa (â southernersâ ) population. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • earliest risen people" or "first converted people" according to folk etymology ) [1] are people of Tibetan origin who migrated to Bhutan as early as the ninth century. (ipfs.io)
  • Greece fears that if Macedonia is recognized, that they would have to acknowledge the large ethnic Macedonian minority within its borders. (makedonija.info)
  • Tamil militants and Colombo , two rounds of negotiations between the Sri Lankan authorities and the Tamil mili- tants were arranged in Thimpu , Bhutan during 1985. (google.com.ar)
  • Thimpu, the capital of Bhutan is one of the large towns in Bhutan. (geometry.net)
  • Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 10(3), 415-432. (ejecs.org)
  • In the late twentieth century, Bhutan tried to give up on 'Gross Domestic Product', or GDP, as the primary measure of the nation's well-being and replaced it with a thing called 'Gross National Happiness', or GNH. (ecotopia2121.com)
  • Most of the countries tend to construe India's emergence in terms of a hegemon vying to usurp their socio-political identity. (ipcs.org)
  • Pakistan's foreign office spokesperson Mumtaz Baloch described Joshi's tweet as appalling and said, "The gratuitous assertion of 'Akhand Bharat' is a manifestation of a revisionist and expansionist mindset that seeks to subjugate the identity and culture of not only India's neighbouring countries but also its own religious minorities. (newsclick.in)
  • The pan-ethnic term "Asian American" describes the population of about 22 million people living in the United States who trace their roots to more than 20 countries in East and Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. (pewresearch.org)
  • Bhutan has a population of around 700,000. (geometry.net)
  • The fact remains, however, that the trajectory of democratisation in both Bhutan and Myanmar has been driven by elites, not popular mass movements agitating for change. (frontiermyanmar.net)
  • There are many interesting parallels between Bhutan and Myanmar, the same kind of challenges," Thinley said. (frontiermyanmar.net)
  • In Bhutan and in refugee camps in Nepal, gender roles are clearly demarcated. (cdc.gov)
  • More than 2,000 people belonging to the Nupbi ethnic group live in and around the town of Trongsa in central Bhutan. (joshuaproject.net)
  • This people group is only found in Bhutan. (peoplegroups.org)
  • The government began to discriminate against them, and in the early 1990's, 100,000 people from Southern Bhutan fled their country, fearing for their safety. (swarthmore.edu)
  • And people of Indian descent make up the largest part of America's South Asian diaspora, which includes Bangladeshi, Nepalis, Pakistanis, Sri Lankans, and people from Bhutan and the Maldives. (ourbodypolitic.com)
  • Most indigenous Fijians, dark-skinned people who are ethnically Melanesian, either scrape out a living as subsistence farmers or work for ethnic Indian bosses. (thegatheringbaltimore.com)
  • The major profession of the people of Bhutan is farming, who live in small rural villages. (geometry.net)
  • As people are receiving education, especially those in urban areas, are getting more familiar with the English language, which is also the medium of instruction in Bhutan. (geometry.net)
  • These people are often unaware of the health risks of using these products and continue to use them to celebrate their ethnic identity. (ucsf.edu)
  • Asians are the fastest growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. (pewresearch.org)
  • Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31(7), 1286-1314. (ejecs.org)
  • These datasets often have labels denoting racial identity, expressed as a category assigned to faces. (venturebeat.com)
  • In a paper, they argue that labels are unreliable as indicators of identity because some labels are more consistently defined than others and because datasets appear to "systematically" encode stereotypes of racial categories. (venturebeat.com)
  • Is it any wonder that according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, AAPI individuals have the lowest help-seeking rate of any racial/ethnic group? (teamtead.org)
  • In NYC's diversified melting pot, our languages, cultures, and therefore identities are at risk of becoming extinct, if necessary initiatives and actions are not taken. (ctmd.org)
  • Bhutan in 1996: continuing stress' Asian Survey 37.2 (1997): 155-9. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • A restrictive citizenship law passed in 1985 stripped Lhotshampas of citizenship if they could not prove a presence in Bhutan before 1958. (frontiermyanmar.net)
  • Marriage has long been central to the study of kinship and family and to imaginings of culture, identity and citizenship. (orientblackswan.com)
  • To a large extent, even the Sharchops of eastern Bhutan, who speak Tshangla , have adopted Ngalop culture and may identify as Ngalop. (ipfs.io)
  • The findings of the study suggest that the Dusuns generally accept the homogenization with a sporadic indication of contestation mainly due to the observable decline of ethnic culture and language. (ejecs.org)
  • Much of her research publication focuses on Brunei history, conversion narratives, the Brunei Dusun, diasporas and the historical evolution of religion, culture and identity in Brunei Darussalam. (ejecs.org)
  • Bhutan earns praise for culture built on courage, values. (geometry.net)
  • In this way, Bhutan has successfully preserved many aspects of a culture which dates directly back to the mid-17th century. (geometry.net)
  • The role of language in the formation of Turkish national identity and Turkishness. (ejecs.org)
  • National origin or ethnic origin can be utilized, but the borders of countries are often the results of historical circumstance and don't reflect differences in appearance, and many countries are not racially homogeneous. (venturebeat.com)
  • As is often the case in diaspora situations, these discrete ethnic identities were initially subsumed under a broader 'national' identity. (himalmag.com)
  • special reference to Bisaya ethnic group] [Paper presentation]. (ejecs.org)
  • Bhutan in 1995: weathering the storm' Asian Survey 36.2 (1996): 204-8. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • The terms "Asian," "Asians living in the United States" and "Asian American" are used interchangeably throughout this essay to refer to U.S. adults who self-identify as Asian, either alone or in combination with other races or Hispanic identity. (pewresearch.org)
  • Much of its history of commercialization, from its origin, identity and supply chain to its composition and clinical evidence of efficacy and safety, has been poorly studied and/or scantly published. (bvsalud.org)