MALNUTRITIONHypokalemiaAnorexia NervosaThiaminePhosphorusElectrolytesAcuteComplicationsPhosphate in the bHypophosphatemic syndromesStarvationOccursCardiacRespiratorySODIUMSymptomsOccurSerumElectrolyte disordersMildEdemaNutritionalPatientCharacteristicPhosphorousWeaknessInadequateCritically illRenalSymptomAbnormalitiesPatientsMortalityDepletionIntravenousDisordersInitialPreventionTrialsGreatest RiskRiskPathogenesis
MALNUTRITION7
- Refeeding syndrome occurs in patients with severe malnutrition when refeeding begins after a long period of starvation. (scielo.br)
- Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a common condition occurring in patients with severe malnutrition ( 1 1. (scielo.br)
- Malnutrition is the greatest risk factor of refeeding syndrome ( 2 ). (dakotadietitians.com)
- In one study, nearly 75% of hospitalized older adult with malnutrition demonstrated a significant risk of the syndrome ( 5 ). (dakotadietitians.com)
- Fasting for extended periods of time may also cause malnutrition, which can lead to additional complications with refeeding. (psichologyanswers.com)
- People with severe protein or calorie malnutrition can develop refeeding syndrome, also known as refeeding hypophosphatemia, within 2 to 5 days of starting enteral or parenteral nutrition because of the shift in metabolism from a catabolic to an anabolic state [40,41]. (glassreplacement.pro)
- Anorexia is a serious, potentially fatal disease-while refeeding syndrome can be fatal, the risk from malnutrition and 'underfeeding' is much greater. (paediatricpearls.co.uk)
Hypokalemia6
- Hypokalemia, like hypophosphatemia, could be a complication associated with refeeding in patients with cancer. (scielo.br)
- Hypokalemia was present in the early stages of high-calorie refeeding. (scielo.br)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the eventual presence of hypokalemia during the early phase of refeeding in patients with cancer. (scielo.br)
- Other hallmarks of refeeding syndrome include hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia, or a deficiency of magnesium and potassium. (dakotadietitians.com)
- Fluid retention is also characteristic of refeeding syndrome, along with other electrolytes imbalances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia). (picmonic.com)
- Binary logistic regression estimates showed that older children, children with lower WAZ, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and anemia had higher odds of hypophosphatemia. (theijcp.org)
Anorexia Nervosa8
- For anorexia nervosa, recent reports described the efficacy of different treatment settings, lengths of hospital stay and high vs. low-calorie refeeding programmes. (lww.com)
- Several important randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews comparing different treatment settings, refeeding practices and psychotherapeutic interventions for adolescent and childhood anorexia nervosa have been recently published. (lww.com)
- To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous publications detailing successful management of a patient with anorexia nervosa and superior mesenteric artery syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
- While superior mesenteric artery syndrome is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction, the general pediatrician and child psychiatrist should be aware of this complication of anorexia nervosa. (biomedcentral.com)
- In our patient, SMA syndrome resulted from weight loss associated with anorexia nervosa. (biomedcentral.com)
- Course and outcome in individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa: Findings from the Study of Refeeding to Optimize iNpatient Gains (StRONG). (stanfordchildrens.org)
- Hospital-based higher calorie refeeding and mealtime distress in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa. (stanfordchildrens.org)
- The StRONG study demonstrated that higher calorie refeeding (HCR) restored medical stability faster in patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN (AAN), with no increased safety events compared with standard-of-care lower calorie refeeding (LCR). (stanfordchildrens.org)
Thiamine4
- If food is abruptly reintroduced, thus, resulting in strong insulin spikes, metabolism is triggered but hampered by a lack of those nutrients, and thiamine, causing hypophosphatemia, metabolic stress, and edema. (feednavigator.com)
- Dr. Derrick Lonsdale, another nutrition expert, has even found that thiamine supplementation can markedly diminish Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). (vitality101.com)
- Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency can be exacerbated when reintroducing food (refeeding). (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
- Thiamine supplementation prevents precipitation of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a severe and irreversible neurological condition. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
Phosphorus5
- In most patients with severe hypophosphatemia, both depletion of total body phosphorus stores and redistribution of phosphate to the intracellular space are found. (biomedcentral.com)
- Refeeding syndrome was also present and became hypophosphatemia, and we administered phosphorus. (biomedcentral.com)
- If considering this diagnosis, the presence of hypophosphatemia suggests TPP rather than spontaneous periodic paralysis, in which phosphorus levels are likely to be normal. (medscape.com)
- Phosphorus can be very dangerous to the ecosystem Phosphorus deficiency, also called hypophosphatemia, can happen if you have alcohol use disorder, a blood acid condition called diabetic ketoacidosis, or certain inherited disorders. (glassreplacement.pro)
- Phosphorus deficiency (hypophosphatemia) is rare in the United States and is almost never the result of low dietary intakes [1]. (glassreplacement.pro)
Electrolytes5
- Successively, during refeeding, when these electrolytes enter cells, their serum levels further decline ( 5 5. (scielo.br)
- Despite having no universally accepted definition, refeeding syndrome is typically characterized by dangerous shift in fluids and electrolytes that occurs when a person who is malnourished begins to eat again ( 1 ). (dakotadietitians.com)
- Treatment typically involves monitoring the heart, replacing the electrolytes and slowing down the refeeding process. (dakotadietitians.com)
- Whether replacing the electrolytes should occur before refeeding or if they should occur in tandem remains contentious. (dakotadietitians.com)
- Refeeding syndrome is an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes due to prolonged fasting that is seen when patients are renourished after caloric deprivation. (psichologyanswers.com)
Acute3
- RS is characterized by electrolyte disorders, such as hypophosphatemia, acute vitamin B1 deficiency, volume overload, cardiac insufficiency and hyperglycemia. (scielo.br)
- On the mechanism of hypophosphatemia during acute hyperventilation: evidence for increased muscle glycolysis. (medscape.com)
- Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a clinical syndrome of new or worsening symptoms of heart failure often leading to hospitalisation or presentation to the emergency department. (teachingforimpact.org)
Phosphate in the b2
- However, the rate of refeeding syndrome is largely unknown due to differences in definitions across studies, with more consistent studies looking at specific conditions parallel with refeeding syndrome, like hypophosphatemia (low levels of phosphate in the blood). (acute.org)
- Hypophosphataemia - a deficiency of phosphate in the blood - is one of the predominant features of the refeeding syndrome. (dakotadietitians.com)
Hypophosphatemic syndromes2
- Notably, articles on chronic hypophosphatemia (for example, hereditary hypophosphatemic syndromes) were excluded. (biomedcentral.com)
- Rastegar A. New concepts in pathogenesis of renal hypophosphatemic syndromes. (medscape.com)
Starvation1
- RATIONALE Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a fatal condition caused by rapid calorie intake during starvation . (bvsalud.org)
Occurs7
- Refeeding syndrome is an adverse response by your body that occurs with refeeding. (dakotadietitians.com)
- The syndrome occurs because of the reintroduction of glucose, or sugar. (psichologyanswers.com)
- Refeeding syndrome usually occurs within four days of starting to re-feed . (psichologyanswers.com)
- Another common physiologic change that occurs during the refeeding process is refeeding edema or swelling (not to be confused with the edema caused by Pseudo-Bartters syndrome which can occur upon the cessation of purging). (psichologyanswers.com)
- Delirium usually occurs during the second week of refeeding syndrome. (psichologyanswers.com)
- Refeeding syndrome is a potentially life threatening condition that occurs with administration of high calorie feeds in severely malnourished children. (naqlafshk.com)
- Refeeding syndrome in adult humans occurs when subjects fast for weeks, which results in downshifts in metabolic activity and concomitant shedding of phosphate, magnesium, and potassium in urine, explained the authors. (feednavigator.com)
Cardiac4
- Symptoms: hypophosphatemia may lead to a multitude of symptoms, including cardiac and respiratory failure. (biomedcentral.com)
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as "apical ballooning syndrome", is a cardiac disease characterized by transient left ventricular apical wall motion abnormality without epicardial coronary artery disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hypotension and cardiac compromise due to severe hypophosphatemia is rare. (medscape.com)
- Re-introduction of nutrition to severely malnourished individuals can precipitate refeeding syndrome which may result in cardiac failure and death. (paediatricpearls.co.uk)
Respiratory3
- Symptoms of respiratory insufficiency or myocardial depression may indicate hypophosphatemia. (medscape.com)
- however, tachypnea may be present, an important clue to one of the most common etiologies of hypophosphatemia ( respiratory alkalosis ). (medscape.com)
- Hypophosphatemia can cause dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and changes in mental status. (picmonic.com)
SODIUM1
- Faroqui S, Levi M, Soleimani M, Amlal H. Estrogen downregulates the proximal tubule type IIa sodium phosphate cotransporter causing phosphate wasting and hypophosphatemia. (medscape.com)
Symptoms5
- We performed a narrative review of the medical literature to identify the incidence, symptoms, and treatment of hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- We searched the literature on hypophosphatemia in ICU patients to identify the incidence, symptoms, and treatment of hypophosphatemia. (biomedcentral.com)
- This article explains the causes, symptoms and risk factors of refeeding syndrome, as well as information on how it's typically treated. (dakotadietitians.com)
- What are the symptoms of refeeding syndrome? (psichologyanswers.com)
- Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome identified by characteristic symptoms such as dyspnoea and fatigue where structural or functional impairment of the heart reduces ventricular filling or ejection of the blood. (teachingforimpact.org)
Occur7
- The syndrome can occur with the reintroduction of carbohydrates ( 2 ). (dakotadietitians.com)
- But refeeding syndrome can occur in anyone where nutrition support (enteral or parenteral nutrition) is started after a period of decreased intake. (dakotadietitians.com)
- Mental status abnormalities may occur with severe hypophosphatemia, ranging from simple irritability or confusion to florid altered mental status and coma. (medscape.com)
- Hypophosphatemia may also occur in the setting of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP). (medscape.com)
- Refeeding syndrome can occur in chronically malnourished patients who are started on nutritional therapy. (picmonic.com)
- When does refeeding syndrome occur? (psichologyanswers.com)
- Peripheral oedema can occur when refeeding, particularly in those who have a history of laxative misuse or vomiting. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
Serum4
- Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate level of less than 2.5 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L) in adults. (medscape.com)
- Hypophosphatemia is defined as serum phosphate concentrations lower than the low end of the normal range, whereas a concentration higher than the high end of the range indicates hyperphosphatemia. (nih.gov)
- All are characterised by hypophosphatemia, which is a condition of low levels of soluble phosphate levels in the blood serum and inside the cells. (glassreplacement.pro)
- I recently saw a patient with proximal muscle weakness and mild hypophosphatemia, and I wondered whether a serum phosphorous level of 2.2 mg/dL could be the cause. (renalfellow.org)
Electrolyte disorders2
- Electrolyte disorders develop during the early phase of refeeding. (scielo.br)
- Hypophosphatemia is one of those frequently encountered electrolyte disorders, for which many causative factors are present in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Mild2
- Occasionally, patients with mild hypophosphatemia may complain of weakness. (medscape.com)
- Mild hypophosphatemia: Does it really cause muscle weakness? (renalfellow.org)
Edema5
- How long does refeeding edema last? (psichologyanswers.com)
- Does refeeding syndrome cause edema? (psichologyanswers.com)
- The edema is caused by refeeding syndrome, which results from fasting and erratic intake of a high glycemic feed - a diet containing rapidly digestible carbohydrates. (feednavigator.com)
- This edema, which may well contribute up to one kg of body weight, seems to be triggered by refeeding syndrome. (feednavigator.com)
- Newly weaned piglets seem to tolerate high levels of insulin poorly, likely due to a shortage of phosphate, which leads to the development of edema through refeeding syndrome. (feednavigator.com)
Nutritional3
- Refeeding syndrome was first described during World War II when prisoners of war were experiencing death, for unclear reasons, during nutritional rehabilitation. (acute.org)
- Management must be carried out in centers by physicians familiar with nutritional disorders as nutritional recovery syndrome may include excessive sweating and hepatomegaly. (naqlafshk.com)
- The nutritional therapy with locally prepared starter and catch-up diet was effective in normalizing hypophosphatemia in the majority of children treated. (theijcp.org)
Patient4
- Refeeding encephalopathy in a patient with severe hypophosphataemia and hyperammonaemia. (medscape.com)
- Acetazolamide-related Life-threatening Hypophosphatemia in a Glaucoma Patient. (medscape.com)
- Any patient with negligible food intake for more than five days is at risk of developing refeeding problems. (psichologyanswers.com)
- We therefore describe various treatment options for managing both anorexia and SMA syndrome, and illustrate how we utilized a variety of resources to develop a novel and appropriate care strategy for this patient. (biomedcentral.com)
Characteristic1
Phosphorous1
- The most important intracellular electrolyte, as it pertains to refeeding syndrome, is phosphorous. (acute.org)
Weakness1
- Weakness is the most common symptom suggesting hypophosphatemia and may involve any muscular system to any extent. (medscape.com)
Inadequate1
- Treatment with diets having inadequate amounts of minerals like phosphate can result in refeeding syndrome and other abnormalities. (theijcp.org)
Critically ill5
- Currently no evidence-based guideline exists for the approach to hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- and critically ill patients are at increased risk for developing hypophosphatemia due to the presence of multiple causal factors. (biomedcentral.com)
- a paucity of randomized controlled evidence exists for whether correction of hypophosphatemia improves the outcome in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additional studies addressing the current approach to hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients are required. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is uncertain when and how to correct hypophosphatemia, and whether correction affects outcome in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal3
- Decreased intestinal absorption of phosphate rarely causes hypophosphatemia, as a low-phosphate diet increases renal reabsorption and enhances intestinal uptake of phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
- Tejeda A, Saffarian N, Uday K, Dave M. Hypophosphatemia in end stage renal disease. (medscape.com)
- Consenso multidisciplinar sobre la valoración y el tratamiento nutricional y dietético en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica e infección por SARS-CoV-2. (revistanefrologia.com)
Symptom1
- Is diarrhea a symptom of refeeding syndrome? (psichologyanswers.com)
Abnormalities1
- The clinical entity of refeeding syndrome was first described in U.S. POWs in Japan who had been starved for many months to years, then developed extreme electrolyte abnormalities upon the reintroduction of food. (renalfellow.org)
Patients6
- Most patients with hypophosphatemia are asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
- Burosumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), is approved for treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia and of FGF23-related hypophosphatemia in tumor-induced osteomalacia associated with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors that cannot be curatively resected or localized, in adults and pediatric patients aged 2 years or older. (medscape.com)
- The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of other electrolyte alterations in patients with cancer during the early stage of refeeding. (scielo.br)
- The ED physician is most likely to encounter hypophosphatemia in patients withdrawing from alcohol and in patients undergoing treatment for DKA. (medscape.com)
- Camp MA, Allon M. Severe hypophosphatemia in hospitalized patients. (medscape.com)
- Calciphylaxis (also called calcific uremic arteriolopathy) is a syndrome of vascular calcification, thrombosis, and necrosis, occurring almost exclusively in ESRD patients. (renalfellow.org)
Mortality1
- Studies should focus on the association between hypophosphatemia and morbidity and/or mortality, as well as the effect of correction of this electrolyte disorder. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion1
- The key biochemical abnormality is hypophosphataemia, due to total body phosphate depletion and a shift of extracellular to intracellular phosphate when the body changes from a catabolic state to anabolic. (paediatricpearls.co.uk)
Intravenous1
- However, although multiple studies confirm the efficacy and safety of intravenous phosphate administration, it remains uncertain when and how to correct hypophosphatemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Disorders2
- Because eating disorders are syndromes with a spectrum of severity, it is suggested that treatment can be delivered using a stepped-care model. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
- With thanks to Dr Ed Dallas, paediatric registrar, for putting together a succinct guide to eating disorders and the management of re-feeding syndrome. (paediatricpearls.co.uk)
Initial1
- The risk is greatest in the initial stages of refeeding (first week). (paediatricpearls.co.uk)
Prevention1
- Understanding, prevention and treatment of refeeding syndrome. (srce.hr)
Trials1
- The Cochrane Library was also searched for current trials on hypophosphatemia, which yielded no results. (biomedcentral.com)
Greatest Risk1
- Who is at the Greatest Risk for Refeeding Syndrome? (acute.org)
Risk5
- According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) people who meet the following criteria should be considered at risk of refeeding syndrome ( 6 ). (dakotadietitians.com)
- The multidisciplinary team, including a physician, registered dietitian, nurse and other allied health care professionals, should be involved in the care of someone with - or at risk of - refeeding syndrome. (dakotadietitians.com)
- By recognizing who are potentiality at risk, health care workers can best develop a plan to prevent refeeding syndrome. (dakotadietitians.com)
- Risk from Re-feeding Syndrome can be reduced by careful monitoring and paediatric dietician input into choice of feed composition. (paediatricpearls.co.uk)
- A diet too high in carbohydrates increases the risk of re-feeding syndrome. (paediatricpearls.co.uk)
Pathogenesis1
- This case illustrates important points regarding the pathogenesis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in the setting of anorexia, and it highlights the complexities that arise when managing an adolescent with both medical and psychiatric needs, as well as outlining a viable solution. (biomedcentral.com)