AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Sex ChromosomesChromosomesSex Chromosome AberrationsChromosome MappingX ChromosomeY ChromosomeSex Chromosome DisordersChromosome BandingChromosomes, Human, XChromosome AberrationsChromosomes, Human, YSex Determination ProcessesChromosome PairingChromosomes, PlantSileneX Chromosome InactivationChromosome SegregationIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, HumanKaryotypingChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Genes, Y-LinkedGenes, X-LinkedAneuploidyChromosome PaintingChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialChromosomes, BacterialChromosomes, Human, Pair 21PlatypusSex CharacteristicsChromosomes, InsectMeiosisChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Sex ChromatinChromosome DeletionChromosomes, FungalKlinefelter SyndromeChromosomes, Human, Pair 6Chromosome DisordersChromosomes, MammalianXYY KaryotypeChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18SpermatocytesGenes, sryGenetic LinkageEvolution, MolecularPachytene StageChromosome StructuresChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XDosage Compensation, GeneticChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22CaricaChromosomes, Human, Pair 4Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8Sex FactorsChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12Genetic MarkersSex DifferentiationChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, 1-3Molecular Sequence DataChromosomes, Human, Pair 15Recombination, GeneticMosaicismChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YChromosome InversionChromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, 16-18Chromosomes, Artificial, YeastBase SequenceCrosses, GeneticChromosomes, Human, 13-15Sex Determination AnalysisCentromereTurner SyndromeChromosome BreakageTranslocation, GeneticKaryotypeBiological EvolutionModels, GeneticDisorders of Sex DevelopmentRing ChromosomesSpermatogenesisTrisomyChromosome PositioningNondisjunction, GeneticChromosomes, Human, 4-5Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex DevelopmentSpermatozoaMicrosatellite RepeatsMetaphase
GenesFemalesGeneContains 23 pairs of chromosomesAutosomesGeneticsEvolution of sex chromoso23rd pairTranslocationGenomeChromosomalScientistsUnits called chromosomesAbnormalityLoss of the Y chromosomeDifferences between the sexesResearchersAbnormalitiesDetermine sexAutosomalSpeciesGenomesTypicallyGenetic sexHomologous chromosomesDeterminationLose their Y chromosomeCellsStructuresRecessiveDisordersMaleDiploidMammalsOrganismsDisorderEdmund BeecheSpermDistinguishKaryotypeRecombinationHeredityHeteromorphicFemaleHomomorphicHormonesInheritancePairEvolutionaryTheodor BoveriTurtlesMonosomyMeSHBiologyMammalianRegulationAneuploidyGeneticallyPartiallyCarriesCell dividesSpermatocytesRegulatoryFound
Genes49
  • Genes have been identified on the Y chromosome that have been shown to be required for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease," Walsh said via email. (cnn.com)
  • The human sex chromosomes, a typical pair of mammal allosomes, carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual created in sexual reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autosomes are homologous chromosomes i.e. chromosomes which contain the same genes (regions of DNA) in the same order along their chromosomal arms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The deactivated X chromosome is silenced by repressive heterochromatin that compacts the DNA and prevents expression of most genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a gene in the Y chromosome that has regulatory sequences that control genes that code for maleness, called the SRY gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is because even flowering plants have a variety of mating systems, their sex determination primarily regulated by MADS-box genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • These genes code for proteins that form the sex organs in flowers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The long-term undifferentiation of molluscan sex chromosomes is potentially sustained by the unexpected intertwined regulation of reversible sex-biased genes, together with the lack of sexual dimorphism and occasional sex chromosome turnover. (nature.com)
  • The pleiotropic constraint of regulation of reversible sex-biased genes is widely present in ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes and might be resolved in heteromorphic sex chromosomes through gene duplication followed by subfunctionalization. (nature.com)
  • The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes suggest a mechanism for 'inheritance' turnover of sex-determining genes that is mediated by translocation of a sex-determining enhancer. (nature.com)
  • These Y chromosome sequences now provide new evidence that Neandertals and early modern humans met and exchanged genes before the major out of Africa migration - potentially as early as 370,000 years ago and certainly more than 100,000 years ago. (mpg.de)
  • But SCDC mechanisms work to upregulate, or increase the level, of protein production from genes in the single Z (or X) chromosomes. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The researchers then compared the activity of genes from sex chromosomes and from autosomes, broken down by male and female turtles. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In male fruit flies (Drosophila), the expression -- or activity -- of genes on most of the single X chromosomes is doubled to match the expression of the two X chromosomes in female cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Wayne and her colleagues examined more than 8,500 genes shared by both sexes of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. (nbcnews.com)
  • In flies and humans, thousands of genes made up of DNA are packaged into tiny units called chromosomes. (nbcnews.com)
  • Many genes are found on the X chromosome, whereas few are associated with the Y chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
  • For female fruit flies, the X-chromosome genes can come in two flavors called alleles that not only interact with each other but also with other genes. (nbcnews.com)
  • While not as prominent a trend, they also found a similar pattern in so-called autosomal genes, which are those found on any chromosome save the sex chromosomes. (nbcnews.com)
  • Many of the fruit-fly autosomal genes, however, did work in concert with genes located on the X chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
  • The Y chromosome is one-third of the size of its counterpart, and it carries around 55 genes that are mostly to deal with being male, while the X chromosome represents about 5% of a cell's total DNA and likely contains over 900 genes that are essential for proper development and cell viability. (worldhealth.net)
  • The Y chromosome contains the blueprints for certain genes, based on the way they are expressed in normal cells within the bladder lining a scoring system was developed to measure the loss of the Y chromosome in cancers. (worldhealth.net)
  • The X chromosome carries genes that have a role in many organ systems, playing a part, for example, in testes function, brain development, and growth. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, we find that the distal NDRs are enriched specifically for binding motifs of the pluripotency and germ cell master regulators such as NANOG, SOX17, AP2γ and OCT4 in human FGCs, indicating the existence of a delicate regulatory balance between pluripotency-related genes and germ cell-specific genes in human FGCs, and the functional significance of these genes for germ cell development in vivo . (nature.com)
  • The research shows how a specific protein that turns on genes is involved in heart formation in turtles, lizards and humans. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In biology class, we got to cover much about the human body and even went on to see what some of the structures within our body and genes look like. (proprofs.com)
  • Chromosomes are thread-like structures made up of DNA molecules that contain the genes. (proprofs.com)
  • Chromosomes are thread-like structures made up of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information in the form of genes. (proprofs.com)
  • By present estimates, humans have approximately 20,000 25,000 genes and share 98.4% of their DNA with their closest living evolutionary relatives, the two species of chimpanzees. (solarnavigator.net)
  • The X chromosome is larger and carries many genes not on the Y chromosome, which means that recessive diseases associated with X-linked genes, such as hemophilia, affect men more often than women. (solarnavigator.net)
  • A new study of nearly 500,000 individuals finds that many genes affect same-sex behavior, including newly identified candidates that may regulate smell and sex hormones. (theconversation.com)
  • Jenny Graves published her first paper on sex genes in 1967. (theconversation.com)
  • The human Y chromosome has retained only 3% of its ancestral genes. (theconversation.com)
  • The Y chromosome, that little chain of genes that determines the sex of humans, is not as tough as you might think. (theconversation.com)
  • Genes reside along long chains of DNA called chromosomes. (uclahealth.org)
  • They found that during evolution, a reshuffling of DNA known as translocation brought together separate chunks of sex-determining genes onto a single chromosome, essentially mimicking the human X or Y chromosome. (phys.org)
  • In the 1960's, Japanese-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist Susumu Ohno proposed a theory in which the genes determining sex first arose at various spots scattered across the entire genome , but over time were "captured" on the sex chromosomes. (phys.org)
  • A schematic figure from the paper illustrates how recombination occurred at the centromere and then genes migrated and fused to leave Cryptococcus with just two sexes, when before it had many. (phys.org)
  • In C. amylolentus , dozens of genes at two different locations on the chromosomes control what's called a tetrapolar, or four-part, mating system. (phys.org)
  • The researchers sequenced the entire genome of C. amylolentus , mapping the location of all the genes as well as the centromeres on each of the organism's 14 chromosomes. (phys.org)
  • Like their human carers, the domestic dog's genetic material (their genes) is stored as chromosomes. (open.edu)
  • This protein is made from a master set of genetic instructions in two genes that sit on different chromosomes. (open.edu)
  • Genes are sections of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that are found inside every human cell. (kidshealth.org)
  • The genes code for different traits, such as eye color, body type, or male or female sex. (kidshealth.org)
  • A worldwide research project called The Human Genome Project created a map of all human genes. (kidshealth.org)
  • It shows where the genes are located on the chromosomes. (kidshealth.org)
  • A chromosome contains a single, long piece of DNA with many different genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Testing for chromosome and gene abnormalities Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Enfermedades genéticas que estan ligadas a mutaciones en genes del CROMOSOMA X de los seres humanos (CROMOSOMA X HUMANO) o al CROMOSOMA X de otras especies. (bvsalud.org)
Females20
  • The females in such organisms are homomorphic having the XX chromosomes while the males are heteromorphic and possess the XY chromosomes. (vedantu.com)
  • So females form only one type of gametes (i.e. the gametes have only X chromosome) while the males form two types of gametes called angiosperms (22 + X) and gymnosperms (22 + Y). So only a mother can produce an abnormal gamete with XX chromosomes as the gamete produced by father can have only one X chromosome. (vedantu.com)
  • These consist of two X chromosomes in most females, and an X chromosome and a Y chromosome in most males. (wikipedia.org)
  • Females therefore have 23 homologous chromosome pairs, while males have 22. (wikipedia.org)
  • since males are XY they can pass along either an X or a Y. Females in such species receive an X chromosome from each parent while males receive an X chromosome from their mother and a Y chromosome from their father. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pena G, Michalski C, Donnelly RJ, Qin Y, Sifri ZC, Mosenthal AC, Livingston DH, Spolarics Z. Trauma-Induced Acute X Chromosome Skewing in White Blood Cells Represents an Immuno-Modulatory Mechanism Unique to Females and a Likely Contributor to Sex-Based Outcome Differences. (umassmed.edu)
  • The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Females have two copies of the X chromosome , while males have one X and one Y chromosome . (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the case of the softshell turtles included in the study, the sex chromosomes are referred to as Z and W, and it's the females of the species who have mismatched, or ZW, chromosomes. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The study found that both sexes of softshell turtles double the activity of the Zs in early embryonic development, which fixes the expression imbalance in ZW females (twice Z expression now matches autosomal expression). (scitechdaily.com)
  • Since the sex chromosomes carry genetic instructions for traits that go beyond gender determination, a process -- called dosage compensation -- evolved to ensure that the X chromosomes in males and females are expressed at the same level. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this case, the females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males, XY. (nbcnews.com)
  • Biological gender is determined by chromosomes that carry our DNA, males have XY chromosomes while females have XX. (worldhealth.net)
  • Human males are typically larger than females: the average height and weight of a North American adult male is 175 centimeters (5 feet 9 inches) and 78 kilograms (172 pounds). (solarnavigator.net)
  • Like other mammals, humans have an XY sex-determination system, so that females have the sex chromosomes XX and males have XY. (solarnavigator.net)
  • pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XY in Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, males, XX in females) (8). (cdc.gov)
  • It talks of how "females could have a poorer response to [] treatment", and talks of genetic differences between the sexes. (quackometer.net)
  • And it goes on to say that neither sex or gender are not binary, despite the whole article being based on the binary differential experience of women and men, boy and girls, males and females to the course of cystic fibrosis and its treatments. (quackometer.net)
  • 22 pairs of chromosomes are the same in males and females. (kidshealth.org)
  • Females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX), whereas males have two distinct sex chromosomes (XY). (gopusa.com)
Gene19
  • The X,t(Y;22) female lacks the ZFY gene but does not exhibit the complex phenotype known as Turner's syndrome, arguing against the hypothesis that ZFY is the Turner's syndrome gene on the Y chromosome. (nih.gov)
  • This gene produces a testis-determining factor ("TDF"), which initiates testis development in humans and other mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • After examination, it was discovered that the difference between a typical XX individual (traditional female) and a sex-reversed XX man was that the typical individuals lacked the SRY gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans, mice, and even kangaroos have an XX female:XY male system of sex determination, in which the Y harbors a male-dominant sex-determining gene SRY. (edu.au)
  • These Y chromosomes provide new insights into the relationships and population histories of archaic and modern humans, including new evidence for ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Neandertals. (mpg.de)
  • The data show that Neandertals may have benefited from these interactions as the gene flow resulted in the complete replacement of the original Neandertal Y chromosomes by their early modern human counterparts. (mpg.de)
  • Understanding the diversity of SCDC mechanisms in nature, how they happen and evolve, informs more broadly on how animals and humans compensate for gene dose imbalance, and why the failure to properly compensate for these differences leads to disease states," Valenzuela said. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The Z chromosomes contain instructions for some of the proteins normally functioning cells should produce, and having only a single copy of a chromosome can result in a reduced amount of proteins produced, because protein production is often affected by the number of gene copies. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The gene involved, Tbx5, is also implicated in human congenital heart disease, so our results also bring insight into human disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mutations in the human gene that encodes Tbx5 result in congenital heart disease and, in particular, defects in the ventricular septum, the muscular wall that separates the ventricle into two sections. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Autosomal" means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. (genome.gov)
  • Fueled by rapid technological innovations, the ability of geneticists to assay accurately not only genetic data but also gene expression levels, epigenetic markers, biomarker levels and microbiome composition has expanded the field of human genetics vastly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • UCLA researchers have found that a variation in a gene on the sex chromosome X may enhance an immune response that leads to lupus in men. (uclahealth.org)
  • Interestingly, researchers found that although the variation occurred in a gene on the X, or female, chromosome, its influence was stronger in men than in women. (uclahealth.org)
  • A new paper from Duke molecular genetics and microbiology shows how pathogenic Cryptococcus fungi evolved from having many sexes to just two through 50 million years of gene swapping. (phys.org)
  • Walsh, of UVA's Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, and his team used cutting-edge CRISPR gene-editing technology to develop a special mouse model to better understand the effects of Y chromosome loss in the blood. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • A gene is a functional unit on a chromosome that directs an organism's cells to perform a particular function e.g. your red blood cells carry oxygen around your body using a protein called haemoglobin. (open.edu)
  • Genetic diseases that are linked to gene mutations on the X CHROMOSOME in humans (X CHROMOSOME, HUMAN) or the X CHROMOSOME in other species. (bvsalud.org)
  • The factor VIII gene is located on the X chromosome. (medscape.com)
Contains 23 pairs of chromosomes3
Autosomes6
  • Autosomes differ from allosomes because autosomes appear in pairs whose members have the same form but differ from other pairs in a diploid cell, whereas members of an allosome pair may differ from one another and thereby determine sex. (wikipedia.org)
  • These chromosomes also contain the genetic codes for the production of essential proteins, and the disproportion in chromosomes in XY individuals caused by them carrying only a single X for every pair of non-sex chromosomes (called autosomes) can lead to an imbalance in the production of proteins. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Nov. 18, 2020 Researchers have discovered how the MSL complex responsible for dosage compensation can distinguish the X chromosome from autosomes in flies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • There are 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. (solarnavigator.net)
  • These analyses are fundamental in the design of control specimens present C-heterochromatic blocks in most of campaigns because their results will help determine the their 22 chromosomes, whereas non-Andean specimens have only 4-7 autosomes with C-banding. (cdc.gov)
  • There are 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes, called autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes, which can be XX or XY. (cdc.gov)
Genetics12
  • Recent research suggests the Y chromosome is also important for health and longevity, said Kenneth Walsh, a professor of biochemistry and molecular genetics at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, who was not involved in the new research. (cnn.com)
  • The SRY sequence's prominence in sex determination was discovered when the genetics of sex-reversed XX men (i.e. humans who possess biological male-traits but actually have XX allosomes) were studied. (wikipedia.org)
  • MedlinePlus Genetics provides information about each human chromosome written in lay language. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fruit flies have been indispensible to our understanding of genetics and biological processes in all animals, including humans. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A report on the 64th annual American Society of Human Genetics meeting held in San Diego, USA, 18-22 October, 2014. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alongside this expansion, the annual American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) conference has grown to draw over 6,500 scientific participants with a broad range of interests. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Goncalo Abecasis (University of Michigan, USA), co-winner of this year's Curt Stern Award, presented an overview of a landmark achievement in human genetics: the completion of the 1000 Genomes project. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Building from Abecasis' retrospective on the project and its accomplishments, the conference offered an exciting preview of the next stages for human genetics data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding the history of human populations is a fundamental aspect of the study of human genetics, and this year's meeting provided exciting new progress on multiple fronts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A big aim of our work over the past years has been to produce high-quality genome sequences for archaic and early modern humans," co-corresponding author Janet Kelso, an evolutionary genetics researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, told GenomeWeb Daily News in an email message. (genomeweb.com)
  • American journal of human genetics 2022 6 109 (6): 1140-1152. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetics, DNA and spontaneous mutations The fertilised egg inherits its DNA unchanged from the parents' sex chromosomes. (lu.se)
Evolution of sex chromoso2
23rd pair2
Translocation2
  • We have localized an essential part of the sex-determining function to a portion of interval 1A, on the basis of the discovery of a female with a reciprocal Y;22 translocation and part of 1A deleted at the translocation breakpoint. (nih.gov)
  • Professor David Porteous explains that a translocation is the relocation of part of one chromosome to a another chromosome. (cshl.edu)
Genome20
  • The Y chromosome has represented the 'dark matter' of the genome," he added. (cnn.com)
  • The Human Genome Project promised us answers to such questions, not just for schizophrenia but many common illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease, where DNA has a lot to say about whether we will succumb. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • In 2001 when we finished reading all three billion letters of the human DNA genome, many predictions followed. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Unlike the rest of the autosomal genome, which represents a rich tapestry of thousands of genealogies of any individual's ancestors, Y chromosomes have a peculiar mode of inheritance - they are passed exclusively from father to son. (mpg.de)
  • Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
  • Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
  • The glossary features nearly 250 terms explained in an easy-to-understand way by leading scientists and professionals at the National Human Genome Research Institute. (genome.gov)
  • Shop Mallick (Harvard University, USA) presented preliminary findings from the Simons Genome Diversity Project, which has made more than 250 high-coverage human genomes from 129 different populations publicly available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - An international team led by investigators at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology has sequenced the genome of a modern human man who lived in Siberia some 45,000 years ago, at a time when Neanderthals still resided in Europe and Western Asia. (genomeweb.com)
  • In a paper published online in Nature , the researchers described this high-quality genome sequence - established with DNA from the femur bone of an "Ust'-Ishim" individual named for the western Siberian settlement where his remains were found - and its use for addressing everything from human mutation rates to mixing with Neanderthals. (genomeweb.com)
  • In the process, the group generated sequences that covered the autosomal chromosomes in the human genome to an average depth of 42-fold coverage. (genomeweb.com)
  • For instance, Kelso and her colleagues identified stretches of sequences that match those found in the Neanderthal genome, consistent with the notion that modern humans mixed with Neanderthals before he was born roughly 45,000 year ago. (genomeweb.com)
  • By comparing the new genome to genotyping data for hundreds of individuals from current human populations, the team found that Ust'-Ishim appeared to have non-African ancestry, apparently clustering at the crossroads of an ancient split between western European and East Asian populations. (genomeweb.com)
  • The genome also offered a refined look at mutation rates on human autosomal chromosomes and on the Y sex chromosome over tens of thousands of years, Kelso explained, noting that "the Ust'-Ishim man provides us with a completely new way to estimate the mutation rate in modern humans. (genomeweb.com)
  • Using this ancient genome, we have been able to provide an independent estimate of the human mutation rate that agrees with the estimates from pedigree studies," Kelso said, "and suggests that between one and two mutations per year have accumulated in the genomes of populations in Europe and Asia since the Ust'-Ishim man lived. (genomeweb.com)
  • 15477. The public Human Genome Project: mapping the genome, sequencing, and reassembly. (cshl.edu)
  • James Watson describes sequencing the human genome using markers and BACs, and Craig Venter explains using cDNA libraries, ESTs, and shotgun sequencing. (cshl.edu)
  • The human genome following NCBI. (cshl.edu)
  • Scientists Solve the Genetic Puzzle of Sex-related Y Chromosome Scientists have taken an important step forward in understanding the human genome by fully deciphering the enigmatic Y chromosome, which could help guide research on infertility in men. (medscape.com)
  • Albert Levan, a researcher at Lund University, was the first to establish how many chromosomes there are in the human genome. (lu.se)
Chromosomal5
  • [ 1 ] The etiology was thought to be due to an endocrine disorder of unknown cause, until 1959, when Jacobs et al recognized that Klinefelter syndrome was a chromosomal disorder in which there is an extra X chromosome, resulting in the karyotype 47,XXY. (medscape.com)
  • Today, the term Klinefelter syndrome (KS) refers to a group of chromosomal disorders in which the normal male karyotype, 46,XY, has at least one extra X chromosome. (medscape.com)
  • Other sex chromosomal aneuploidies are included in the KS group of chromosomal disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Another reality issue that's extremely annoying to liberals and progressives is chromosomal sex determination. (gopusa.com)
  • Mutagenic studies consisted of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human diploid WI-38 cells, mutation frequency in host mediated assays, sex linked recessive lethal mutation and loss of X or Y chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster, spermhead abnormality in rats and mice, chromosomal aberrations in rat bone marrow, and rat dominant lethal experiments. (cdc.gov)
Scientists11
  • Scientists have finally decoded mysteries of the Y chromosome. (cnn.com)
  • Scientists have fully sequenced the Y chromosome for the first time, uncovering information that could have implications for the study of male infertility and other health problems. (cnn.com)
  • Having a complete Y chromosome genetic reference may help scientists and doctors further explore this potential link. (cnn.com)
  • Many scientists argue that sex determination in plants is more complex than that in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since then, improvements in molecular techniques have enabled scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology to determine high quality sequences of the autosomal genomes of several Neandertals, and led to the discovery of an entirely new group of extinct humans, the Denisovans, who were relatives of the Neandertals in Asia. (mpg.de)
  • Scientists have traced the evolution of the four-chambered human heart to a common genetic factor linked to the development of hearts in turtles and other reptiles. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Scientists previously observed that men who suffer Y chromosome loss are more likely to die at a younger age and suffer age-associated maladies such as Alzheimer's disease. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The scientists also looked at the effects of Y chromosome loss in human men. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • As chromosome loss increased, the scientists found, so did the risk of death. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Dog chromosomes were first described by scientists in 1928. (open.edu)
  • Scientists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center have worked out the molecular underpinnings of how chromosomes make the right number of crossovers - important links that make it possible for developing sex cells (eggs or sperm in humans) to sort those chromosomes properly. (fredhutch.org)
Units called chromosomes1
Abnormality4
Loss of the Y chromosome9
  • These papers likely represent the tip of the iceberg in terms of understanding the role of the Y chromosome in age-associated diseases," Walsh said, adding that the loss of the Y chromosome could partially account for men's shorter life spans. (cnn.com)
  • However, it has been questioned whether loss of the Y chromosome is a biomarker of biological aging or whether loss of the Y chromosome has a direct effect on the health of men," he said. (cnn.com)
  • This study for the first time makes a connection that has never been made before between loss of the Y chromosome and the immune system's response to cancer," says Professor Dan Theodorescu, the corresponding author from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. (worldhealth.net)
  • We discovered that loss of the Y chromosome allows bladder cancer cells to elude the immune system and grow very aggressively. (worldhealth.net)
  • The loss of the Y chromosome has also been observed in several types of diseases which includes 10-40% of bladder cancers, it is linked with cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, and it may help to explain why women generally live longer than men. (worldhealth.net)
  • Those with loss of the Y chromosome were found to have a poorer prognosis in the first group and much better overall survival rates in the second group. (worldhealth.net)
  • Our investigators postulate that loss of the Y chromosome is an adaptive strategy that tumor cells have developed to evade the immune system and survive in multiple organs," said Shlomo Melmed, MB, ChB, executive vice president of Academic Affairs and dean of the Medical Faculty at Cedars-Sinai. (worldhealth.net)
  • Study reports that age-related loss of the Y chromosome in men is linked to heart muscle scarring and an increased risk of heart failure. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Loss of the Y chromosome does not occur in male reproductive cells, so it is not inherited by the children of men who exhibit Y chromosome loss. (neurosciencenews.com)
Differences between the sexes1
  • It's naive to pretend there are no profound genetic and epigenetic differences between the sexes. (theconversation.com)
Researchers20
  • Now, the same group of researchers has filled in the missing information, publishing a complete Y chromosome sequence Wednesday in the journal Nature . (cnn.com)
  • As researchers begin diving into the catalogue in earnest, we may at last be on the cusp of decoding human variation. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • In this study, the researchers identified three male Neandertals and two Denisovans that were potentially suitable for DNA analysis, and developed an approach to fish out human Y chromosome molecules from the large amounts of microbial DNA that typically contaminate ancient bones and teeth. (mpg.de)
  • The researchers also calculated that the most recent common ancestor of Neandertal and modern human Y chromosomes lived around 370,000 years ago, much more recently than previously thought. (mpg.de)
  • However, the researchers used computer simulations to show that the known small size of Neandertal populations may have led to an accumulation of deleterious mutations in their Y chromosomes which would reduce their evolutionary fitness. (mpg.de)
  • But the researchers say their findings shed light on the evolutionary role of sex chromosome dosage compensation in many species. (scitechdaily.com)
  • It's not clear why there are no negative effects in the male sex cells, but Meiklejohn said that's a question University researchers will look at next. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Losing the male sex chromosome isn't just a phenomenon of aging for many men, but it could be putting them at risk for cancer according to a study published in the journal Nature that was conducted by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles. (worldhealth.net)
  • The researchers are working on developing a Y chromosome test to aid in the customization of immune checkpoint-inhibiting drugs. (worldhealth.net)
  • The researchers report that in both cases, tumors with/without the Y chromosome grew at the same rate. (worldhealth.net)
  • Animal models (e.g., mice, rats, zebrafish and others) are sufficiently like humans in their anatomy, physiology or response to a pathogen that researchers can extrapolate the results of animal model studies to better understand human physiology and disease. (genome.gov)
  • By using animal models, researchers can perform experiments that would be impractical or ethically prohibited with humans. (genome.gov)
  • The researchers then prepared several libraries from DNA extracted from the bone using methods designed to optimize ancient DNA extraction and focused in on libraries with high proportions of human DNA, which were sequenced using Illumina's HiSeq 2000 platform. (genomeweb.com)
  • When they compared the ancient sequence to genomes from more than two-dozen present-day humans, the researchers observed mutation rates that roughly match those described from prior pedigree studies, but coincide less closely with alternative rates predicted from phylogenetic data. (genomeweb.com)
  • Researchers say the finding will lead to greater understanding of the development of lupus and to further exploration of the sex-specific genetic contributions of the disease, which could result in more targeted therapies. (uclahealth.org)
  • In a study appearing early online Aug. 11 in PLOS Biology , Duke researchers have mapped the evolutionary turning point that transformed the pathogenic form of Cryptococcus from an organism of many sexes to one with only two. (phys.org)
  • He and an international team of researchers focused on the last common ancestor of the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans and its nearest sibling species, a non-pathogen called Cryptococcus amylolentus . (phys.org)
  • In this study, the researchers showed that in Cryptococcus amylolentus, the ancestral state, the P/R locus resided on chromosome 10 and the HD locus on chromosome 11. (phys.org)
  • A portrait of human chromosomes: this process labels the chromosomes with multicolored fluorescent tags, allowing researchers to consistently distinguish between chromosomes. (cshl.edu)
  • If the researchers inserted into a chromosome a new DSB hotspot close to other hotspots, the frequency of DSBs at those other hotspots dropped. (fredhutch.org)
Abnormalities7
  • The addition of more than one extra X or Y chromosome to a normal male karyotype results in variable cognitive and physical abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Sex chromosome abnormalities may be caused by full or partial deletions or duplications of sex chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Abnormalities can also occur when a person is missing part of a sex chromosome (called a deletion). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sex chromosome abnormalities are common and cause syndromes that are associated with a range of physical and developmental problems. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Down syndrome is a chromosome disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 that results in intellectual disability and physical abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Positive predictive value of noninvasive prenatal testing for sex chromosome abnormalities. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical application of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosome abnormalities in a cohort of 39,580 pregnancies. (cdc.gov)
Determine sex1
Autosomal2
Species14
  • It is thus the male's sperm that determines the sex of each offspring in such species. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, in humans and many other species, sex chromosomes are referred to as X and Y. Typically, two X chromosomes result in a female while XY chromosomes result in males. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Valenzuela has studied temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), or the way environmental temperatures influence whether a turtle embryo develops into a male or female in species that lack sex chromosomes, in previous research. (scitechdaily.com)
  • An animal model is a non-human species used in biomedical research because it can mimic aspects of a biological process or disease found in humans. (genome.gov)
  • This disturbing and unnatural alteration in sex ratio represents a potential threat to both our species survival and our cultural norms if the trend continues. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • Humans , or human beings , are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for 'wise man' or 'knowing man') under the family Hominidae (the great apes). (solarnavigator.net)
  • This, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make greater use of tools than any other species. (solarnavigator.net)
  • humans are the only known species to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves, and use numerous other technologies . (solarnavigator.net)
  • Humans are a eukaryotic species. (solarnavigator.net)
  • The human Y chromosome could disappear over time, putting our species in jeopardy. (theconversation.com)
  • Biologically speaking, nearly every species on Earth has two opposite sexes, male and female. (phys.org)
  • Regardless of the name or species, Heitman contends that some universal principles could govern the evolution of all sex chromosomes. (phys.org)
  • The result was an organism with a bipolar mating system, much like the male and female sexes that embody most species. (phys.org)
  • Much of the variation we see between any member of the same species (dogs, cats, humans) arises from small changes to their genetic material, DNA. (open.edu)
Genomes4
  • Here, we profile eight genomes of the bivalve mollusc family of Pectinidae in a phylogenetic context and show 350 million years sex-chromosome homomorphy, which is the oldest known sex-chromosome homomorphy in the animal kingdom, far exceeding the ages of well-known heteromorphic sex chromosomes such as 130-200 million years in mammals, birds and flies. (nature.com)
  • By sequencing such genomes and making them publicly available, she explained, the team hopes to facilitate more extensive study on modern human history. (genomeweb.com)
  • While the proportion of Neanderthal ancestry was similar to that detected in some present-day human populations in Eurasia, though, the Ust'-Ishim carried ancestry tracts that were far longer than those detected in human genomes today. (genomeweb.com)
  • That timing hints that the modern human-Neanderthal admixture events that have left their mark on non-African human genomes likely occurred too recently to be attributed to ancient Middle Eastern populations known as the Skhul and Qafzeh. (genomeweb.com)
Typically3
Genetic sex2
  • Fish and amphibians, for example, have genetic sex determination but their sex can also be influenced by externally available steroids and incubation temperature of eggs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The of the diagnosis, whose repercussions transcend the genetic sex refers to the sex chromosome, where purely biomedical aspects, the presence of XX stands for female, and XY, for male. (bvsalud.org)
Homologous chromosomes1
Determination7
  • In mammals including human beings XY method of sex determination is followed. (vedantu.com)
  • Diverse mechanisms are involved in the determination of sex in animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • For mammals, sex determination is carried by the genetic contribution of the spermatozoon. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some reptiles, e.g. sea turtles, only the incubation temperature determines sex (temperature-dependent sex determination). (wikipedia.org)
  • The diversity of plants is reflected in their sex-determination systems, which include XY and UV systems as well as many variants. (wikipedia.org)
  • The XX/XY sex determination system is found in humans. (gopusa.com)
  • 22(3): 358-366 hormonal sex is determined through the gonads, imposes on families of intersex children a legal testicles in men, and ovaries in women, as well as determination of remote compliance within two by other glands (pituitary and thyroid) responsible weeks. (bvsalud.org)
Lose their Y chromosome3
Cells18
  • in other cells, it is the X chromosome inherited from the father. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morcillo P, Qin Y, Pe?a G, Mosenthal AC, Livingston DH, Spolarics Z. Directional X Chromosome Skewing of White Blood Cells from Subjects with Heterozygous Mosaicism for the Variant IRAK1 Haplotype. (umassmed.edu)
  • This causes a few cells in the body to have two complete X chromosomes, and the other cells to have just one copy. (medicinenet.com)
  • If abnormal or missing pieces of one of the X chromosomes occurs, all cells have one complete and one altered copy of the X chromosome. (medicinenet.com)
  • In some cases, a few cells have one copy of the X chromosome while other cells have a copy of the X chromosome as well as some Y chromosome material. (medicinenet.com)
  • [5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
  • Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • That complex doesn't exist in germ cells, so it was assumed that dosage compensation occurred in those cells by some other mechanism," said lead author Colin Meiklejohn, "We showed there is no upregulation of X chromosomes in the testes of flies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These results imply that when cells lose the Y chromosome, they exhaust T-cells. (worldhealth.net)
  • Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)
  • However, the comprehensive chromatin state has not yet been analyzed for human fetal germ cells (FGCs). (nature.com)
  • Gonadal cells that build male and female sex organs proliferate more rapidly than most other cells, such as bone or muscle, in a developing fetus. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • If, however, the baby is genetically male, with both an X and a Y chromosome, and all goes as planned, around day 51 the Y, or male designating chromosome, signals the gonad's Sertoli cells to blast the female organs with an anti-feminine secretion called AFH. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
  • Trisomy can occur if cells can't properly sort chromosomes during sex-cell formation. (fredhutch.org)
  • Too few or too many crossovers, and new cells end up with the wrong number of chromosomes, which can cause miscarriages or developmental disorders. (fredhutch.org)
  • Among the many vital steps, genetic material packaged in chromosomes - half from mom and half from dad - must be faithfully copied and precisely parceled out to the new cells. (fredhutch.org)
  • Level bars, 10 m.B. The percentage of early-mid pachytene cells with bad (normal) or positive (irregular) RNA Pol II staining around sex chromosomes from control and cKO mice. (mingsheng88.org)
Structures4
  • Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA is composed of nucleotides and is organized into structures called chromosomes. (proprofs.com)
  • Humans create complex social structures composed of co-operating and competing groups, ranging in scale from nations to individual families, and social interaction between humans has established a variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms, and laws which form the basis of human society. (solarnavigator.net)
  • Inside each cell, DNA is tightly wrapped together in structures called chromosomes . (kidshealth.org)
Recessive2
  • Though under cover, the recessive allele kind of hitches a ride on the X chromosome and can be passed on to future generations. (nbcnews.com)
  • Hemophilia A is transmitted as a sex-linked recessive manner due to deficiency of factor VIII. (medscape.com)
Disorders3
  • The more detailed information provided by the new Y reference sequence will make it easier to study conditions and disorders linked to the chromosome, such as lack of sperm production that leads to infertility. (cnn.com)
  • Rare complete knockouts in humans: population distribution and significant role in autism spectrum disorders. (umassmed.edu)
  • X-linked lissencephaly and "double cortex" are allelic human disorders mapping to Xq22.3-Xq23 associated with arrest of migrating cerebral cortical neurons. (nih.gov)
Male18
  • Whether a human embryo develops as a male or a female is determined by the presence of the Y chromosome. (nih.gov)
  • The sex-determining function lies entirely in interval 1A, inasmuch as most XX individuals with descended testes and normal male external genitalia carry this small region of the Y chromosome. (nih.gov)
  • People who are assigned male at birth have an X and a Y chromosome, while those assigned female at birth have two X chromosomes. (cnn.com)
  • The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in humans. (umassmed.edu)
  • That mismatch means they lack a second copy of the Z chromosome, unlike their male counterparts who have two Z chromosomes. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The latest revelation has to do with the activity of the X chromosome in male fruit flies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It was widely accepted that all X chromosomes in male fruit flies showed an increased level of activity. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The presence of the 'Y' chromosome in males leads to the development of male reproductive organs and characteristics. (proprofs.com)
  • Human male births have always held a marginal advantage, probably Nature's way of insuring that enough of the somewhat more physically vulnerable male infants will survive. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • The article is about differences in outcomes for people with different sexes (male and female). (quackometer.net)
  • The article is clearly about male and female babies and yet a similar editorial disclaimer arises, "( Nature recognizes that sex and gender are not binary, and are not necessarily aligned. (quackometer.net)
  • The 'weird' male Y chromosome has finally been fully sequenced. (theconversation.com)
  • DNA of the male-determining Y chromosome has been completely sequenced end-to-end, and it's just as weird as we expected. (theconversation.com)
  • The 2017 Prime Minister's Science Prize winner is genetic researcher Professor Jenny Graves, well known for her 2002 suggestion that the male Y chromosome will self-destruct. (theconversation.com)
  • The loss of the male sex chromosome as many men age causes the heart muscle to scar and can lead to deadly heart failure, new research from the University of Virginia School of Medicine shows. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • A pair of X and Y chromosomes (XY) results in a male, and a pair of X and X chromosomes (XX) results in a female. (msdmanuals.com)
  • They have evolved separate sexes from hermaphroditism multiple times in parallel as they have radiated across the Hawaiian archipelago - but importantly, each time they have done so, they appear to have evolved a new genetic mechanism to determine who develops into a female, and who develops into a male. (lu.se)
  • Gender is a set of biopsychological his or her sexual identity, i.e., in his or her sex characteristics that distinguish male from female. (bvsalud.org)
Diploid2
  • All diploid organisms with allosome-determined sex get half of their allosomes from each of their parents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each diploid cell has two sets of 23 chromosomes, each set received from one parent. (solarnavigator.net)
Mammals3
  • He explained that with four chambers-two atria and two ventricles-humans and all other mammals have completely separate blood flows to the lungs and to the rest of the body, which is essential for us to be warm-blooded. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In humans and other mammals, Tbx5 levels are high in the left ventricle and low in the right. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The human life cycle is similar to that of other placental mammals. (solarnavigator.net)
Organisms7
  • A new study led by an Iowa State University scientist sheds light on how organisms have evolved to address imbalances in sex chromosomes. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Many organisms determine their sex by a pair of specialized chromosomes that appear in virtually every cell of an organism's body. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The study sheds light on how organisms have evolved to address such imbalances through a process called sex chromosome dosage compensation, or SCDC. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The importance of maintaining a proper balance is made evident by diseases caused by abnormal numbers of sex chromosomes, including Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome in humans, and Valenzuela said these processes have evolutionary and health implications in many other organisms as well. (scitechdaily.com)
  • No peer reviewed biology paper would characterise sex (at least in oogamous organisms like us) as not being 'binary', not being a material fact, and being mutable (except in sequential hermaphrodites). (quackometer.net)
  • Organisms with the largest number of chromosomes: ferns often have over 100 chromosomes, with some having over 1000. (open.edu)
  • Organisms with the smallest number of chromosomes: ants, spiders and flies, many of which have fewer than 10 chromosomes. (open.edu)
Disorder3
  • XXY aneuploidy, the most common human sex chromosome disorder, has a prevalence of 1 in 500 males. (medscape.com)
  • Courtesy of Cureus [De Jesus Escano MR, Mejia Sang ME, Reyes-Mugica M, Colaco M, Fox J. Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development: Approach and Management of an Index Case in the Dominican Republic. (medscape.com)
  • Online at https://www.cureus.com/articles/70052-ovotesticular-disorder-of-sex-development-approach-and-management-of-an-index-case-in-the-dominican-republic]. (medscape.com)
Edmund Beeche1
Sperm5
Distinguish1
  • During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
Karyotype1
Recombination2
  • These regions of the chromosome are so dense that they were once thought to be removed from recombination. (phys.org)
  • Why Sex and Recombination? (cshlpress.com)
Heredity1
  • In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)
Heteromorphic2
Female4
  • These recent findings imply that the sex-determining function lies in the portion of 1A present in the four XX intersexes and not in the portion deleted in the X,t(Y;22) female. (nih.gov)
  • An abnormal baby with chromosomes- XXX is called a super female. (vedantu.com)
  • However, because all specimens well-preserved enough to yield sufficient amounts of DNA have been from female individuals, comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Neandertals and Denisovans have not yet been possible. (mpg.de)
  • DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common genetic problem effecting women, with an incidence of 1 in 1,500 to 2,000 live female births and occurs when an entire, or portions of an X-chromosome is deleted. (sbir.gov)
Homomorphic3
  • Contrary to classic theory prediction, sex-chromosome homomorphy is prevalent in the animal kingdom but it is unclear how ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes avoid chromosome-scale degeneration. (nature.com)
  • Molluscs constitute the second largest, Precambrian-originated animal phylum and have ancient, uncharacterized homomorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • On the basis of these findings, we propose an evolutionary model for the long-term preservation of homomorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
Hormones1
  • citation needed] It could also result from exposure, often in utero, to chemicals that disrupt the normal conversion of the allosomes into sex hormones and further into the development of either ambiguous outer genitalia or internal organs. (wikipedia.org)
Inheritance2
  • Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aided by the rediscovery at the start of the 1900s of Gregor Mendel 's earlier work, Boveri was able to point out the connection between the rules of inheritance and the behaviour of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Pair6
  • It is theorized that in sex-reversed XX men, the SRY mistakenly gets translocated to an X chromosome in the XX pair during meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A matched pair of chromosomes results in one sex, while a mismatched pair results in another sex. (scitechdaily.com)
  • One pair of these is called the sex chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
  • Surprisingly, they've shown that these crucial translocations occurred at the centromeres, the twisty ties that hold together chromosomes at the center of an x-shaped pair. (phys.org)
  • These are found in pairs, with each pair being made up of one chromosome from each parent. (open.edu)
  • Each pair contains two chromosomes, one from each parent, which means that children get half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their father. (cdc.gov)
Evolutionary3
  • Fig. 6: Evolutionary model for homomorphy maintenance and heteromorphy transition of sex chromosome. (nature.com)
  • An international research team led by Martin Petr and Janet Kelso of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, has determined Y chromosome sequences of three Neandertals and two Denisovans. (mpg.de)
  • Life on earth has undergone several major evolutionary transitions, but perhaps none so striking or relevant to our daily lives as the origin of separate sexes. (lu.se)
Theodor Boveri1
  • DNAFTB Animation 8: Theodor Boveri presents chromosomes' role in development. (cshl.edu)
Turtles1
  • The study represents not only the first such study to analyze sex chromosome dosage compensation in turtles, but the findings also show that remarkably, temperature appears to affect the SCDC process in the turtles. (scitechdaily.com)
Monosomy1
MeSH1
  • Chromosomes, Human, X" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
Biology1
Mammalian1
  • Mouse is a well-established model for the study of mammalian embryology, and parallel comparison between mouse and human samples can be very informative and lead to a better understanding of human embryogenesis. (nature.com)
Regulation1
  • [1] [2] These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation . (wikipedia.org)
Aneuploidy1
Genetically1
Partially1
Carries1
  • Wilhelm Roux suggested that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration , and Boveri was able to test and confirm this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Cell divides1
  • These connections create tension that helps chromosomes properly pull apart as the cell divides, ensuring each new cell ends up with exactly the right set of genetic material. (fredhutch.org)
Spermatocytes1
Regulatory2
  • This new analysis will allow us to better understand the regions of the Y chromosome that have regulatory functions and may encode mRNA and proteins. (cnn.com)
  • We find 116 887 and 137 557 nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in human and mouse FGCs, covering a large set of germline-specific and highly dynamic regulatory genomic elements, such as enhancers. (nature.com)
Found5