• CLEC9A is a group V C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR) that functions as an activation receptor and is expressed on myeloid lineage cells (Huysamen et al. (nih.gov)
  • The C-type lectin receptor CLEC9A mediates antigen uptake and (cross-)presentation by human blood BDCA3+ myeloid dendritic cells. (nih.gov)
  • Lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs) are believed to recognize damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are created or released from herbivore attack. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have previously shown that hemocyanins are internalized by APCs through receptor-mediated endocytosis with proteins that contain C-type lectin domains, such as mannose receptor (MR). However, the contribution of other innate immune receptors to the proinflammatory signaling pathway triggered by hemocyanins is unknown. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • G-MDSC are also referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC, which differ from conventional neutrophils via expression of lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), which inhibits T cell proliferation [ 7, 8 ]. (iospress.com)
  • We examined the carbohydrate-binding potential of the C-type lectin-like receptor Dectin-2 (Clecf4n). (elsevierpure.com)
  • The carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of Dectin-2 exhibited cation-dependent mannose/fucose-like lectin activity, with an IC50 for mannose of approximately 20 mM compared to an IC50 of 1.5 mM for the macrophage mannose receptor when assayed by similar methodology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We compared the lectin activity of Dectin-2 with that of two other C-type lectin receptors (mannose receptor and SIGNR1) known to bind fungal mannans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Its extracellular region consists of two N-linked glycosylation sites (aa 73 and 159), a coil‑coil neck domain (aa 96‑136), a C‑type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human DC‑SIGN and DC‑SIGN receptor (aa 165‑289), and a C-terminal Ca 2+ -dependent carbohydrate‑recognition domain (C-type CRD) (1). (rndsystems.com)
  • NK-cells are defined as large granular lymphocytes that do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or Pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptor but that usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD56 in humans, and NK1.1/NK1.2 in certain strains of mice. (wikidoc.org)
  • NK-cells, along with macrophages and several other cell types, express the FcR molecule, an activating biochemical receptor that binds the Fc portion of antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
  • heterodimers) - a C-type lectin family receptor, conserved in both rodents and primates and identifies non-classical (also non-polymorphic) MHC I molecules like HLA E . Though indirect, this is a way to survey the levels of classical (polymorphic) HLA molecules, however, because expression of HLA-E at the cell surface is dependent upon the presence of classical MHC class I leader peptides. (wikidoc.org)
  • High affinity sugar ligands of C-type lectin receptor langerin. (mpg.de)
  • Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1) is a 30 kD, type II membrane glycoprotein with one C-type lectin domain and one immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibititory motif (ITIM). (biolegend.com)
  • Siglec-14 is a sialic acid-recognizing activatory receptor found on certain immune cells types that is undergoing concerted evolution with the gene for Siglec-5 (an inhibitory receptor) via ongoing gene conversion of exons encoding amino-terminal V-set lg-like domains. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • The C-Type Lectin receptor (CRL) is known as the major β-glucan receptor expressed in myeloid cells and is responsible for targeting respiratory fungal pathogens. (lu.se)
  • Genetic variation in the C-type lectin receptor CLEC4M in type 1 von Willebrand Disease patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lectins have a role in recognition at the cellular and molecular level and play numerous roles in biological recognition phenomena involving cells, carbohydrates, and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] In Arabidopsis, legume-type LecRKs Clade 1 has 11 LecRK proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Lectins are glycan binding proteins and each lectin will only bind to particular glycans. (bmgrp.com)
  • previously called L-ficolin or ficolin-B) is a member of the ficolin family of secreted pattern recognition proteins that participate in the lectin complement activation pathway (1‑4). (rndsystems.com)
  • Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although a number of important interactions by proteins such as selectins, galectins, and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are thought to mainly rely on sulfated O-glycans, our insight into the sulfotransferases that modify these glycoproteins, and in particular GalNAc-type O-glycoproteins, is limited. (lu.se)
  • Lectins are a large group of proteins found in many snake venoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the Brown Group, we are interested in a superfamily of receptors called C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Other lectins can interact with the surface receptors of white blood cells, often programming them to multiply rapidly. (4yourtype.com)
  • The differences in the specificity of these three mannose-specific lectins indicate that mannose recognition is mediated by distinct receptors, with unique specificity, that are expressed by discrete subpopulations of cells, and this further highlights the complex nature of carbohydrate recognition by immune cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Druggability of mammalian C-type lectin receptors. (mpg.de)
  • Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
  • C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs) play critical roles in immunity and homeostasis by recognising a great variety of microbial or endogenous ligands [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kerscher B, Willment JA, Brown GD: The Dectin-2 family of C-type lectin-like receptors: an update. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteolytically produced C-terminal fragment of type XV collagen is restin, a potentially antiangiogenic protein that is closely related to endostatin. (nih.gov)
  • Layilin (LAYN) is a transmembrane protein with a C-type lectin. (hindawi.com)
  • The KM plotter ( http://kmplot.com/ ) is a web platform to assess the effect of microarray-quantified genes (mRNA, miRNA, and protein) on survival in 21 human cancer types [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In the simplest of terms, a lectin is a type of protein that acts as a selective Velcro-like material. (4yourtype.com)
  • CD314 is a homodimeric C-type lectin-like protein also known as NKG2D. (biolegend.com)
  • The SP-B gene is on human chromosome 2, and its primary translation product is 40 kd, which is clipped to become an 8-kd protein in the type II cells before entering lamellar bodies to be cosecreted with phospholipids. (medscape.com)
  • Group B Streptococcus suppression of phagocyte functions by protein-mediated engagement of human Siglec-5. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Human mannose-binding protein carbohydrate recognition domain trimerizes through a triple α-helical coiled-coil. (lu.se)
  • Genetic Variation in the Syntaxin-Binding Protein STXBP5 in Type 1 von Willebrand Disease Patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, we generated a signature of 8 genes co-expressed with ACVRL1 across different tumor types and characterized the c-type lectin domain containing protein (CLEC)14A as a potential downstream target of ACVRL1. (lu.se)
  • it occurs when mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum protein, binds to mannose, fucose, or N -acetylglucosamine groups on bacterial cell walls, yeast walls, or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • LSECtin (liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin), also known as C-type lectin superfamily 4, member G (CLEC4G), is a member of subgroup II of the C-type (Ca 2+ -dependent) lectin superfamily (1). (rndsystems.com)
  • A lectin from Ulex europaeus is used to identify the H blood group antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD69, a surface dimer so far considered an early activation antigen restricted to lymphocytes, was found constitutively expressed on human platelets. (nih.gov)
  • Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Lectin-glycan interactions are known to be relatively weak compared to antigen-antibody and biotin-avidin interactions. (bmgrp.com)
  • Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
  • The principle of glycan structure profiling analysis using LecChip™ is based on the lectin to glycan binding affinity. (bmgrp.com)
  • Fortunately, evanescent-field fluorescence excitation allows for generation of lectin-glycan affinity data from unwashed samples by taking advantage of the higher signal strength of specifically bound glycans. (bmgrp.com)
  • To explore further the genetic and biosynthetic regulation of sulfated O-glycans, here we expanded a cell-based glycan array in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line with sulfation capacities. (lu.se)
  • The F023-420 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes CD328 which is also known as sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7 (Siglec-7). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • It appears that this may be the ancestral condition, and that the human molecules have restored the arginine residue required for sialic acid recognition. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Several plant lectins have been found to recognize noncarbohydrate ligands that are primarily hydrophobic in nature, including adenine, auxins, cytokinin, and indole acetic acid, as well as water-soluble porphyrins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lectins are known to play important roles in the innate immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other immune lectins play a role in self-nonself discrimination and they likely modulate inflammatory and autoreactive processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intelectins (X-type lectins) bind microbial glycans and may function in the innate immune system as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • To avoid clearance from the body by the innate immune system, pathogens (e.g., virus particles and bacteria that infect human cells) often express surface lectins known as adhesins and hemagglutinins that bind to tissue-specific glycans on host cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, our understanding of how pathogens interact with cellular and humoral host factors in blood is limited, mainly due to technical issues: While it is relatively easy to study the interaction of pathogens with isolated blood cells, or their survival in serum or plasma, such approaches lack the complexity of interactions between different types of immune cells and additional factors, e.g., complement, present in blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, we previously established an ex vivo human whole-blood infection model that allowed us to define which immune cells interact with the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ( 4 ), to identify cross-talk between different components of the host response ( 5 ), and to detect substantial differences between related fungal pathogens ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Natural killer cells (or NK cells ) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system . (wikidoc.org)
  • The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Previous studies have identified many immune pathways which are consistently altered in humans and model organisms as they age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main functional characteristic of these cells is their potent ability to suppress various types of immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • During the 1980s and early 1990s, work from the laboratories of Diana Lopez, Jim Talmadge, M. Rita Young, and Hans Schreiber demonstrated that various types of myeloid cells could inhibit immune function in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • citation needed] Some hepatitis C viral glycoproteins may attach to C-type lectins on the host cell surface (liver cells) to initiate infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the glycolipids and glycoproteins on an individual's red blood cells can be identified by lectins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cy3 labeled glycoproteins are applied to the LecChip™ surface which then bind to specific lectins on the chip. (bmgrp.com)
  • If a washing process is applied to the LecChip™ to remove non-lectin binding redundant glycoproteins, many of the specifically bound glycans are also lost. (bmgrp.com)
  • The human genome contains at least 35 genes that encode Golgi sulfotransferases that function in the secretory pathway, where they are involved in decorating glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with sulfate groups. (lu.se)
  • Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)
  • The Cy3 molecules attached to glycans that have successfully bound to lectins will fluoresce and the total LecChip™ fluorescence pattern can be captured with the scanner. (bmgrp.com)
  • By contrast, Cy3-tagged glycans that interact with the lectins located on the LecChip™ are contained in the stronger part of the evanescent field and are effectively excited. (bmgrp.com)
  • The Dectin-2 CRD exhibited only weak interactions to some of these capsular polysaccharides, indicative of different structural or affinity requirements for binding, when compared with the other two lectins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, peptides derived from HLA-A*0201 were purified by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin affinity chromatography as previously described. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human C-Type Lectin Domain Family 2, Member C (CLEC2C) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (allelisakits.com)
  • Profile of human Siglec-7 (clone F023-420) reactivity on peripheral blood lymphocytes analyzed by flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In direct ELISAs and Western blots, no cross-reactivity with recombinant human Ficolin-3 is observed. (rndsystems.com)
  • Previously, using synthetic glycopeptides carrying a natural cytosolic type of monosaccharide O-beta-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) glycosylation of serine residues, we have shown that glycopeptides act as suitable substrates for TAP-mediated transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and that they bind efficiently to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and can elicit glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recently, we have reported that peptides presented by human class I MHC molecules in vivo encompass a small but significant amount of peptides which seem to be carrying O-beta-linked monosaccharide GlcNAc. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Lectins may bind to a soluble carbohydrate or to a carbohydrate moiety that is a part of a glycoprotein or glycolipid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each lectin has a certain type of material it is meant to bind to and this changes depending on what species the reaction is occurring inside as well as the blood type of the person or animal involved. (4yourtype.com)
  • Furthermore, using an enzymatic labeling procedure we present evidence that the HLA-A*0201-derived peptides which bind to the WGA lectin are glycosylated with terminal GlcNAc residues. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Further analyses on wild-type and CLECSF8 -/- primary macrophages in vitro , or cells harvested after intra-peritoneal and intra-tracheal instillation of BCG demonstrated a lack of Mincle-upregulation in the absence of CLECSF8. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lectins may be involved in pattern recognition and pathogen elimination in the innate immunity of vertebrates including fishes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbohydrate-lectin recognition of sequence-defined heteromultivalent glycooligomers. (mpg.de)
  • How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
  • Recombinant human collagen XV regulates cell adhesion and migration. (nih.gov)
  • The selectivity of lectins means that they are useful for analyzing blood type, and they have been researched for potential use in genetically engineered crops to transfer pest resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of C-Type Lectin Domain Family 2, Member C from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (allelisakits.com)
  • Collectin subfamily member 10 (C-type lectin). (cdc.gov)
  • For human blood, opsonization was shown to decrease platelet interaction suggesting that complement factors interfere with fungus-to-platelet binding. (frontiersin.org)
  • SP-A is an innate host defense, large molecular, hydrophilic (water soluble) lectin coded on human chromosome 10 that regulates lung inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human C-Type Lectin Domain Family 2, Member C (CLEC2C) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (allelisakits.com)
  • Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine C type lectin domain family 7 member A(CLEC7A) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (antibody-tech.com)
  • This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XV collagen, a member of the FACIT collagen family (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices). (nih.gov)
  • miR-125a reduced expression of C-type lectin domain family 5, member a ( Clec5a ), which is involved in myeloid differentiation. (jci.org)
  • Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)
  • Lectins also mediate attachment and binding of bacteria, viruses, and fungi to their intended targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • UALCAN ( http://ualcan.path.uab.edu/ ) is a public resource for the comprehensive analysis of gene expression data of 31 human cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Angata T, Hingorani R, Varki NM, Varki A. Cloning and characterization of a novel mouse Siglec, mSiglec-F: differential evolution of the mouse and human (CD33) Siglec-3-related gene clusters. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Genetic variants of VWF gene in type 2 von Willebrand disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we present data revealing the genetic network associated with ACVRL1 (the gene encoding for ALK1) expression in human cancer tissues. (lu.se)
  • Type-I interferons (IFN-I) are cytokines essential for vertebrate antiviral defense, including against herpesviruses. (mdpi.com)
  • Whether you're working with Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey, or other species, our range of CLEC7A antibodies offer precise detection across diverse samples. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find CLEC7A Antibodies for a variety of species such as anti-Human CLEC7A, anti-Mouse CLEC7A, anti-Rat CLEC7A. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Our results reveal substantial differences between murine and human whole-blood models infected with C. albicans and thereby demonstrate limitations in the translatability of this ex vivo model between hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lectin purified human class I MHC-derived peptides: evidence for presentation of glycopeptides in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Together, these data provide further evidence for the natural presentation by human class I MHC of glycopeptides carrying terminal O-GlcNAc residues in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cells in the liver have this type of lectin on their surfaces to snatch up harmful bacteria and parasites that may be present. (4yourtype.com)
  • Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains a lethal disease for humans. (hindawi.com)
  • C. parapsilosis -stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) produced similar quantities of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 and slightly lower amounts of interleukin 1β, compared with C. albicans-stimulated cells. (bath.ac.uk)
  • BjcuL is a C-type lectin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom that does not present cytotoxicity action on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at concentrations of 5 and 10 µg/mL. (bvsalud.org)
  • Type XV collagen has a wide tissue distribution but the strongest expression is localized to basement membrane zones so it may function to adhere basement membranes to underlying connective tissue stroma. (nih.gov)
  • Lectin microarrays using LecChip™ allows the highly sensitive analysis of carbohydrates in various sample types (purified and crude samples, e.g. cell/tissue extracts, living cells, virus particles, cell culture supernatants, serum, urine). (bmgrp.com)
  • Whole-blood models can help to elucidate host-pathogens interactions and have been used for several Candida species in human blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • The classical, lectin, and alternative pathways converge into a final common pathway when C3 convertase (C3 con) cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Human collagen XV is a prominent histopathological component of sinusoidal capillarization in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • ASXL1-MT mice displayed features of human-associated MDS, including multi-lineage myelodysplasia, pancytopenia, and occasional progression to overt leukemia. (jci.org)
  • Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an opportunistic pathogen of the human respiratory tract responsible for mucosal diseases in the upper and lower airways. (lu.se)
  • Recent studies have shown that CRL can recognize NTHi and enhance the proinflammatory response against this pathogen in human airway epithelial cells. (lu.se)
  • We adapted the human whole-blood model to murine blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Unlike human blood, murine blood was unable to reduce fungal burden and more substantial filamentation of C. albicans was observed. (frontiersin.org)
  • It was found that the peptides derived from HLA-A*0201 which had been retained by the O-GlcNAc-binding lectin WGA did indeed carry a HLA-A*0201 binding motif. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NLRP3 inflammasome is a significant target for this study, because the lectin is responsible for leukocyte activation stimulating the release of inflammatory mediators, which results in dynamic cellular responses to remove the detrimental process to the body in snakebites. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, the lectin found in wheat is different from the one found in soy, both in its appearance and how it interacts with different sugars. (4yourtype.com)
  • Though gluten is the poster child for wheat's harmful effects on the human body, WGAs are another toxic, negative component found in wheat-based products. (4yourtype.com)
  • In the present paper the authors tested 4 types of magnetic beads coated with wheat germ agglutinin for their efficacy to separate oocysts from water. (usda.gov)
  • Four different types of magnetic beads coated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were tested for capture of oocysts from clean or turbid water samples. (usda.gov)
  • CellFy: a cell-based fragment screen against C-type lectins. (mpg.de)
  • This conclusion isn't hard to rationalize, as these food types are very high in lectins that agglutinate aggressively, thus aggravating the already inflamed areas in the joints suffering from arthritis. (4yourtype.com)
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD56 APC and KLRG1 (clone SA231A2) FITC (top) or mouse IgG2a, κ FITC isotype control (bottom). (biolegend.com)
  • Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
  • A lectin from Dolichos biflorus is used to identify cells that belong to the A1 blood group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two sided lectins stick two other cells together, like a piece of double-sided tape between objects. (4yourtype.com)
  • CD238 is an I-type lectin of approximately 65 kDa, expressed as a monomer on a major subset of NK cells and a subset of CD8+ cells. (bdbiosciences.com)