• For a regulatory T cell to become activated, the recognition of an antigen located within a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein by the TcR, or T cell receptor, is insufficient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional investigations suggest a potential mechanism whereby increases in CD58 expression, mediated by the protective allele, up-regulate the expression of transcription factor FoxP3 through engagement of the CD58 receptor, CD2, leading to the enhanced function of CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells that are defective in subjects with MS. (nih.gov)
  • A Fab fragment of the chimeric monoclonal antibody 7E3 that binds to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor of human platelets, and blocks PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX, potently inhibiting PLATELET AGGREGATION. (nih.gov)
  • Description: The RPA-2.10 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD2, a 50 kDa cell surface receptor expressed by a majority of thymocytes, all mature T cells and subset of NK cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD2 antigen has been characterised as the receptor for sheep erythrocytes. (immune-source.com)
  • CD2 antigen also functions as the receptor for the CD58 antigen(LFA-3). (immune-source.com)
  • The CD2 ligand LFA-3 activates T cells but depends on the expression and function of the antigen receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The T cell Ag receptor (CD3/Ti) and the sheep E receptor (CD2) expressed on the surface of human T cells are both capable of initiating intracellular signals necessary for T cell activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon T cell receptor engagement, Kv1.3 polarized toward the synaptic cleft and diffused throughout the F-actin rich distal compartment of the synaptic interface-an effect enhanced by CD2-CD58 corolla formation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cluster of differentiation CD79A also known as B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain and MB-1 membrane glycoprotein , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD79A gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • The CD79a protein together with the related CD79b protein, forms a dimer associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulin in B-cells , thus forming the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). (wikidoc.org)
  • This occurs in a similar manner to the association of CD3 with the T-cell receptor , and enables the cell to respond to the presence of antigens on its surface. (wikidoc.org)
  • The natural ligand to CD58, CD2, is most commonly found on the surfaces of both T cells and Natural Killer cells (T/NK cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • CD2 is a ligand for CD58 in the human and is involved in adhesion and activation of T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • The major ligand for CD2 is CD58 (also known as LFA-3). (biolegend.com)
  • Protection in these models is mediated by Ly49H + NK cells, which upon recognition of m157 viral antigen (Ly49H ligand) proliferate and persist in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. (hindawi.com)
  • Blinatumomab, a bispecific single-chain antibody targeting the CD19 antigen, is a member of a novel class of antibodies that redirect T cells for selective lysis of tumor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Individuals lacking a specific Kell antigen may develop antibodies against Kell antigens when transfused with blood containing that antigen. (wikidoc.org)
  • Both AIHA and HDN may be severe when caused by anti-Kell antibodies, [10] as they are the most immunogenic antigens after those of the ABO and Rhesus blood group systems . (wikidoc.org)
  • Antibodies directed towards self-antigens are a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. (nih.gov)
  • CD58, or lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), particularly macrophages, and other tissue cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD58 binds to CD2 (LFA-2) on T cells and is important in strengthening the adhesion and recognition between the T cells and Professional Antigen Presenting Cells, facilitating signal transduction necessary for an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • This adhesion occurs as part of the transitory initial encounters between T cells and Antigen Presenting Cells before T cell activation, when T cells are roaming the lymph nodes looking at the surface of APCs for peptide:MHC complexes the T-cell receptors are reactive to. (wikipedia.org)
  • During an immune response, the interactions between the CD2 and CD58 glycoproteins allows for the activation and proliferation of both T and Natural Killer cells (T/NK cells), enhancing cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • More specifically, CD58 is expressed on cell surfaces, allowing for effector-target adhesion sequentially to antigen recognition. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure of CD58 also plays a role in cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • A study found that effective cell adhesion was dependent on the density of CD58. (wikipedia.org)
  • The interaction between CD2 and CD58 stabilizes adhesion between T cells and antigen presenting or target cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Relatively low affinity of CD2 to CD58 (as measured in solution) is compensated within the two-dimensional cell-cell interface to provide tight adhesion. (thermofisher.com)
  • Subsequently, T cell activation causes fixation of CD58-CD2 at sites of cell-cell contact, thereby strengthening intercellular adhesion. (thermofisher.com)
  • Right here we review the latest books about the adhesion substances cytokines chemokines and human hormones regarded as mixed up in trafficking of NK cells towards the murine uterus. (immune-source.com)
  • Impact of salt bridges on the equilibrium binding and adhesion of human CD2 and CD58. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study describes quantitative investigations of the impact of single charge mutations on equilibrium binding, kinetics, and the adhesion strength of the CD2-CD58 interaction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Alefacept competitively inhibited cell bilayer adhesion mediated by the CD2-CD58 interaction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dependence on lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 interaction. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen-3 provide costimulation for superantigen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation in the absence of a specific presenting molecule. (nih.gov)
  • Human CD2 is a T-lineage glycoprotein with roles in cell-cell adhesion and the transduction of activation signals. (adipogen.com)
  • Human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) genes have the strongest influence on autoimmune disease susceptibility and these HLA alleles encode variations in the antigen-binding grooves of the HLA molecules that determine their binding affinity for specific antigens presented to T cells. (nih.gov)
  • Detailed analyses of the structure and interactions of CD2 were the first involving a molecule that has not been directly linked to antigen recognition in the manner of antigen receptors or co-receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multiple ligands for CD2 include CD58 (LFA-3), CD59, and CD48. (adipogen.com)
  • The CD58 glycoprotein can be found in two different protein isoforms, each on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alefacept is a lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3/IgG1 fusion protein that inhibits T-cells by antagonizing CD2, which has been developed and launched by Biogen for the potential treatment of psoriasis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Alefacept is a chimeric protein combining CD58 immunoglobulin-like domain 1 with human IgG1 Fc. (ox.ac.uk)
  • developed a method for establishing immortalized and constitutively activated human primary blood dendritic cell lines (ihv-DCs) that utilizes the viral protein Tax, a transcriptional regulator from human T cell leukemia virus type 2 (HTLV-2), which is not known to be pathogenic in humans. (acir.org)
  • Two closely-related subtypes of this protein have been identified in humans. (harvard.edu)
  • [1] [2] The Kell antigens are peptides found within the Kell protein , a 93- kilodalton transmembrane zinc -dependent endopeptidase which is responsible for cleaving endothelin-3 . (wikidoc.org)
  • The Kell glycoprotein links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein [6] that carries the Kx antigen . (wikidoc.org)
  • Absence of the XK protein (such as through genetic deletion or through a single point mutation within the coding region of the XK gene [8] ), leads to marked reduction of the Kell antigens on the red blood cell surface. (wikidoc.org)
  • [12] Similarly, humans with homozygous splice variants in CD79A predicted to result in loss of the transmembrane region and a truncated or absent protein display agammaglobulinemia and no peripheral B cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes strongly expressing CD56 become abundant in the human uterus three to five days after the mid-menstrual cycle surge in pituitary-derived luteinizing hormone (LH). (immune-source.com)
  • CD58, lymphocyte-function antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a glycoprotein that plays a vital role in the body's immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The KEL gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein [5] that is the highly polymorphic Kell blood group antigen. (wikidoc.org)
  • Genomic region containing the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1335532, associated with high risk of multiple sclerosis, has enhancer properties and can significantly boost the CD58 promoter activity in lymphoblast cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD58 plays a role in the regulation of colorectal tumor-initiating cells (CT-ICs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, cells that express CD58 have become a cell of interest in tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD58 is expressed on a variety of different cells, including hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This allows for a high affinity of the extracellular amino-terminal sequence on CD2 to bind with CD58, which has a capacity to bind to CD2 on T cells, on target cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protective rs2300747(G) allele is associated with a dose-dependent increase in CD58 mRNA expression in lymphoblastic cell lines (P = 1.1 x 10(-10)) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS subjects (P = 0.0037). (nih.gov)
  • This protective effect of enhanced CD58 expression on circulating mononuclear cells in patients with MS is supported by finding that CD58 mRNA expression is higher in MS subjects during clinical remission. (nih.gov)
  • Normal human peripheral blood cells were stained with CD19 Monoclonal Antibody, eFluor 450 (Product # 48-0199-42) and Mouse IgG1 kappa Isotype Control, APC (Product # 17-4714-82) (left) or CD2 Monoclonal Antibody, APC (right). (thermofisher.com)
  • Applications Tested: This RPA-2.10 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD2 (LFA-2) is a monomeric surface antigen (MW range 45-58 kDa) of the human T-lymphocyte lineage that is expressed on all peripheral blood T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mouse monoclonal to CD2.This recognizes a 50KDa lymphocyte surface antigen which is expressed on all peripheral blood T lymphocytes,the majority of lymphocytes and malignant cells of T cell origin, including T ALL cells. (immune-source.com)
  • Normal B lymphocytes, monocytes or granulocytes do not express surface CD2 antigen, neither do common ALL cells. (immune-source.com)
  • 2. Human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells induce apoptosis in the T-cell line Jurkat. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Expression of costimulatory molecules on human retinoblastoma cells Y-79: functional expression of CD40 and B7H1. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Role and expression of CD40 on human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Superantigen presentation by human retinal pigment epithelial cells to T cells is dependent on CD2-CD58 and CD18-CD54 molecule interactions. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Antigen-presenting human T cells and antigen-presenting B cells induce a similar cytokine profile in specific T cell clones. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Lytic susceptibility of target cells to cytotoxic T cells is determined by their constitutive major histocompatibility complex class I antigen expression and cytokine-induced activation status. (nih.gov)
  • 12. The immune privilege of the eye: human retinal pigment epithelial cells selectively modulate T-cell activation in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Schwann cells co-cultured with stimulated T cells and antigen express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II determinants without interferon-gamma pretreatment: synergistic effects of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor on MHC class II induction. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Suppression of allogeneic T-cell proliferation by human marrow stromal cells: implications in transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Human hepatoma cells expressing MHC antigens display accessory cell function: dependence on LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Cytokine modulation of costimulatory molecules on human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Selective signal transduction through the CD3 or CD2 complex is required for class II MHC expression by human T cells. (nih.gov)
  • Immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and western blotting were used to detect the expression of CD58 in HCC tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transwell assay and sphere formation assay were performed to evaluate the effect of CD58 and sCD58 on metastasis and self-renewal ability of HCC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF), TOP/FOP Flash reporter assay, and subcellular fractionation assay were conducted to investigate the molecular regulation between CD58/sCD58 and AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis in HCC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functionally, CD58 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, CD58 and sCD58 induce metastasis, self-renewal and pluripotency in HCC cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, AKT activator SC-79 or inhibitor LY294002 abolished the inhibitory effect of CD58 silencing on the proliferation, metastasis, and stemness of HCC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent study reported that CD58 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In human breast cancer normal mammary cells typically develop into hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ , invasive cancer, and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dynamics and spatial organization of Kv1.3 at the immunological synapse of human CD4+ T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The threshold for T cell activation depends on the strength and frequency of the calcium (Ca2+) signaling induced by antigen recognition, and it must be tightly regulated to avoid undesired harm to healthy cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we visualized the dynamic subsynaptic distribution of Kv1.3, the main voltage-gated potassium channel in human T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Current methods for preparing dendritic cells (DCs) for cancer vaccine immunotherapy, utilizing antigen-loaded monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) that are activated via a complex process, result in DCs that are difficult to maintain in culture, have low growth potential, and require repeated preparations for several rounds of vaccine delivery. (acir.org)
  • Aiming to enhance antigen presentation of a desirable target epitope, the team transduced ihv-DC2 cells with a fusion construct encoding pTERT, which consisted of a fragment from human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) linked to a proteasomal target sequence of IκBα. (acir.org)
  • engineered ihv-DC1 cells to express high levels of the NK cell activators MICA and 4-1BBL, in addition to the endogenously expressed CD58, in order to efficiently activate NK cells. (acir.org)
  • The first demonstration of antigen-specific recall responses by NK cells was in the setting of hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity, where CXCR6 + liver-derived murine NK cells could mediate antigen-specific contact hypersensitivity independently from B and T cells [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The Kell antigen system (also known as Kell-Cellano system ) is a group of antigens on the human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or alloimmune diseases which destroy red blood cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurs when the body produces an antibody against a blood group antigen on its own red blood cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Figure B. Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated Mouse anti Human CD4 ( MCA1267A488 ) and Biotin conjugated Mouse anti Human CD2 ( MCA1194B ) detected with Streptavidin StarBright Blue 700 ( STAR210SBB700 ). (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • NK cell activation on NKp44/HLA-DP interactions was assessed in vitro using plate-bound HLA-DP molecules and HLA-DPB wildtype versus knock-out human cholangiocyte organoids. (bmj.com)
  • Sera from patients with PBC have been shown to react with both human and E. coli PDC-E2, [ 18 ] and such reactivity of AMA to both human and bacterial molecules has stimulated speculation that PBC may be induced by exposure to enterobacterial antigens. (medscape.com)
  • Elucidating the role of the HLA molecules in antigen recognition, peptide presentation and autoimmunity induction is an important area of focus. (nih.gov)
  • CD154 se vezuje za CD40 na antigen-prezentirajućim ćelijama (APC), posledica čega su mnogobrojni efekti koji zavise of tipa ciljne ćelije. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two-parameter flow cytometric analysis of CD58 expression on human peripheral blood leucocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Left Panel) or BD Horizon BUV395 Mouse Anti-Human CD58 antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Individuals without K antigens(K 0 ) who have formed an antibody to a K antigen, must be transfused with blood from donors who are also K 0 to prevent hemolysis. (wikidoc.org)
  • Despite this, the transmembrane CD58 form can trigger independent signaling without the need for the GPI-anchored isoform. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transmembrane CD58 has a structure that consists of six N-linked glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and finally a short cytoplasmic domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • GPI-anchored CD58 has a similar extracellular domain, but no hydrophobic transmembrane domain or cytoplasmic domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regardless, the structure of both the GPI-anchor and transmembrane CD58 are crucial in overall function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Replication of CD58 and CLEC16A as genome-wide significant risk genes for multiple sclerosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Two-parameter contour plots showing the correlated expression of CD58 (or Ig Isotype control staining) versus side-light scatter (SSC-A) signals were derived from gated events with the forward and side-light scatter characteristics of intact leucocyte populations. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • A whole genome association scan suggested that allelic variants in the CD58 gene region, encoding the costimulatory molecule LFA-3, are associated with risk of developing MS. We now report additional genetic evidence, as well as resequencing and fine mapping of the CD58 locus in patients with MS and control subjects. (nih.gov)
  • These modified DCs were also transduced with the HLA-A2.1 molecule and made to overexpress the testis antigen MAGEA3, which is present in many cancer types. (acir.org)
  • The binding of CD2-CD58 allows for the formation of a co-stimulatory signal, contributing to further regulatory T cell proliferation and regulation of T cell responses via signaling transduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • CCK-8, colony formation, and xenograft assays were used to detect the function of CD58 on proliferation in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polymorphisms in the CD58 gene are associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The XK appears to be required for proper synthesis or presentation of the Kell antigens on the red blood cell surface. (wikidoc.org)
  • The mouse CD79A gene, then called mb-1, was cloned in the late 1980s, [4] followed by the discovery of human CD79A in the early 1990s. (wikidoc.org)
  • Mechanistically, CD58 activates the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway by increasing phosphorylation of AKT or GSK3β signaling, promoting expression of Wnt/β-catenin target proteins and TCF/LEF-mediated transcriptional activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic variants at CD28, PRDM1 and CD2/CD58 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk. (ox.ac.uk)
  • [9] [10] The larger CD79a isoform contains an insert in position 88-127 of human CD79a resulting in a complete immunoglobulin domain, whereas the smaller isoform has only a truncated Ig-like domain. (wikidoc.org)
  • The CD79a ITAM tyrosines (human CD79a Tyr188 and Tyr199, mouse CD79a Tyr182 and Tyr193) phosphorylated in response to BCR crosslinking, are critical for binding of Src-homology 2 domain-containing kinases such as spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and signal transduction by CD79a. (wikidoc.org)
  • The levels of sCD58 (a soluble form of CD58) in the cell supernatants and serum were assessed by ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three were convincingly validated: CD2-CD58 (rs11586238, P = 1 x 10(-6) replication, P = 1 x 10(-9) overall), CD28 (rs1980422, P = 5 x 10(-6) replication, P = 1 x 10(-9) overall) and PRDM1 (rs548234, P = 1 x 10(-5) replication, P = 2 x 10(-8) overall). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mutations of CD58 have been linked to immune evasion observed in some lymphomas and studies are underway to analyze how its involvement directly affects classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). (wikipedia.org)
  • CD58 loss or downregulation resulted in immune evasion by reducing CTLs and NK cell-mediated cytolysis [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, CD58-CD2 interactions are intricate and involved in a variety of immune regulatory responses, including antiviral, inflammation in numerous autoimmune diseases, and immune rejections in organ transplants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kell antigens are important in transfusion medicine , autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell) . (wikidoc.org)
  • The present study aimed to reveal the functional significance of CD58 in HCC progression and the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, CD58 promotes HCC progression and metastasis via activating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that CD58 is a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, T cell activation induces increased CD2 expression and its lateral mobility, making easier contact between CD2 and CD58. (thermofisher.com)
  • 3. Human fetal retinal pigment epithelium-induced cell cycle arrest, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that CD58-expressing tumor cell is implicated in development of various cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During this process, a T cell and an antigen presenting cell form a stable contact that allows the T cell to integrate both internal and external stimuli in order to decide whether to activate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Human rheumatoid synovial T cell line (ST-1). (adipogen.com)
  • Human cholangiocyte organoids expressing HLA-DPA1*02:01-DPB1*01:01 after IFN-γ-exposure demonstrated significantly increased binding to NKp44-Fc constructs compared with unstimulated controls. (bmj.com)
  • CD58 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been found that in both isoforms, CD58 is able to interact with a variety of different kinases, and is not dependent on only one form. (wikipedia.org)