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ArteryDescribed the pulmonary and capillaryWilliam HarveyHypertensionBronchial circulationAortaLungsFetal circulationVeinsRight ventricleChronic obstrucVascular resistanceDuctusCirculatory systemAtrialSystemic circulation1628BypassTransplantDiseasesGalenAtriumSmallParts of the bodyPhysicianIncreasePassesReturnBodyPatientStarted the processProcessFreeDeathSimpleTime

Artery12

• De-oxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. (wikipedia.org)
• Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery. (wikipedia.org)
• From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the semilunar pulmonary valve into the left and right main pulmonary artery (one for each lung), which branch into smaller pulmonary arteries that spread throughout the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
• The fetal lungs are collapsed, and blood passes from the right atrium directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale (an open conduit between the paired atria) or through the ductus arteriosus (a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta). (wikipedia.org)
• Pulmonary embolism is occlusion or partial occlusion of the pulmonary artery or its branches by an embolus, usually from the embolization of a blood clot from deep vein thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), in which there is a persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery that results from failure of normal physiologic closure of the fetal ductus (see image below), is one of the more common congenital heart defects. (medscape.com)
• Schematic diagram of a left-to-right shunt of blood flow from the descending aorta via the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to the main pulmonary artery. (medscape.com)
• The ductus arteriosus is a remnant of the distal sixth aortic arch and connects the pulmonary artery at the junction of the main pulmonary artery and the origin of the left pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta just after the origin of the left subclavian artery. (medscape.com)
• It passes from the anterior aspect of the pulmonary artery to the posterior aspect of the aorta. (medscape.com)
• Structures that have been mistaken for the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in surgical procedures include the aorta, the pulmonary artery, and the carotid artery. (medscape.com)
• Pulmonic stenosis refers to increased resistance to pulmonary blood flow caused by narrowing within the right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonic valve, or pulmonary artery. (logicalimages.com)
• defined as the difference between diastolic pulmonary artery pressure [DPAP] and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP]) is a newly introduced flow-independent marker of intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease not caused by passive increases in pulmonary pressures due to elevated left-sided filling pressures. (ectrx.org)

Described the pulmonary and capillary2

• In 1661 he identified and described the pulmonary and capillary network connecting small arteries with small veins, one of the major discoveries in the history of science. (spaceship-earth.org)
• Working in Bologna (117 kilometres south of Padua) three years later, microscopist Marcello Malpighi described the pulmonary and capillary networks and analysed the process of blood clotting ( de Polypo Cordis , 1669) that is of such great interest for COVID-19. (edu.au)

William Harvey7

• In much of modern medical literature, the discovery is credited to English physician William Harvey (1578 - 1657 CE) based on the comprehensive completeness and correctness of his model, despite its relative recency. (wikipedia.org)
• William Harvey publishes DE MOTU CORDIS and explains that blood circulates all over the body and is pumped by the heart. (timetoast.com)
• Although the discovery of the heart's true anatomy is commonly credited to the English physician William Harvey, it was al-Nafis who first mounted the challenge to the received wisdom of ancient Greece. (jstor.org)
• William Harvey (1578-1657) the English physician was the first to discover the whole blood circulation in the year 1616. (scienceandinventions.com)
• William Harvey (1578-1657). (bartleby.com)
• William Harvey was first discovered and demonstrated the circulatory system. (edignite.com)
• English surgeon William Harvey travelled to the anatomy group in Padua at, perhaps, the world's first research Medical School, where he did the dissections that explained (1628, in De Motu Cordis ) the role of the heart and the blood circulation. (edu.au)

Hypertension10

• A number of medical conditions may affect the pulmonary circulation: Pulmonary hypertension describes an increase in resistance in the pulmonary arteries. (wikipedia.org)
• CLINICAL INTERESTS: Dr. Simon is director of Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Pulmonary Hypertension Comprehensive Care Center. (ucsf.edu)
• He has expertise as a cardiologist specializing in pulmonary hypertension, advanced heart failure, and heart transplantation. (ucsf.edu)
• RESEARCH INTERESTS: Dr. Simon's research primary research focus involves developing new therapies for pulmonary hypertension and better understanding right-sided heart failure in pulmonary hypertension (PH). (ucsf.edu)
• Erratum: Health disparities and treatment approaches in portopulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: An analysis of the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry. (ucsf.edu)
• Anticoagulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension - association with mortality, healthcare utilization, and quality of life: The Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry (PHAR). (ucsf.edu)
• Human Immune Deficiency Virus-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Report from the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry. (ucsf.edu)
• Right Ventricular Shape Feature Quantification for Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension: Feasibility and Preliminary Associations With Clinical Outcome Submitted for Publication. (ucsf.edu)
• Although pulmonary hypertension is usually due to increased left heart pressures responsible for heart failure, several studies have suggested that increased pulmonary pressures, particularly intrinsic irrever-sible pulmonary vascular disease, also known as precapillary pulmonary hypertension, increase the risk of posttransplant right ventricular failure and death. (ectrx.org)
• McHugh A, Franklin O, El-Khuffash A, Breathnach F. , 'Can sonographic assessment of pulmonary vascular reactivity following maternal hyperoxygenation predict neonatal pulmonary hypertension? (tcd.ie)

Bronchial circulation2

• A separate circulatory circuit known as the bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. (wikipedia.org)
• The blood circulation consists of two circulations, the pulmonary circulation and the bronchial circulation. (scienceandinventions.com)

Aorta5

• During fetal life, the ductus arteriosus is a normal structure that allows most of the blood leaving the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation and pass into the descending aorta. (medscape.com)
• An anatomic marker of the ductus is the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which nerve typically arises from the vagus nerve just anterior and caudal to the ductus and loops posteriorly around the ductus to ascend behind the aorta en route to the larynx. (medscape.com)
• It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon the heart pumps oxygenated blood out of the left ventricle and into the aorta to begin systemic circulation. (robhosking.com)
• Systemic circulation begins aorta , leaving the left ventricle. (robhosking.com)
• The ventral aorta is divided into aortic and pulmonary trunk? (easymcqs.com)

Lungs4

• The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. (wikipedia.org)
• Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left part of the heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. (wikipedia.org)
• When the lungs expand at birth, the pulmonary pressure drops and blood is drawn from the right atrium into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary circuit. (wikipedia.org)
• After receiving oxygenated blood from the lungs the arteries of the systemic circulation system take the oxygenated blood from. (robhosking.com)

Fetal circulation3

• The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually bypassed in fetal circulation. (wikipedia.org)
• There is little exact information regarding the physiology of the fetal circulation in mammals. (edu.au)
• Harvey undertook further physiologic study in fetal circulation. (medscape.com)

Veins2

• The blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation are the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins. (wikipedia.org)
• The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. (wikipedia.org)

Right ventricle1

• At this time there was much mystery concerning the adult circulation, and Galen further erred in assuming that the blood somehow passed through, the ventricular septum on its course from the right ventricle to the left. (edu.au)

Chronic obstruc1

• Cigarette smoke exposure causes various diseases involving changes in miRNA expressions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer (12-15). (researchsquare.com)

Vascular resistance6

• Vascular resistance Pulmonary shunt The pulmonary circulation is archaically known as the "lesser circulation" which is still used in non-English literature. (wikipedia.org)
• The shunt volume is determined by the size of the open communication and the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). (medscape.com)
• Preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance is indicative of intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease and correlates with posttransplant survival. (ectrx.org)
• Here, we investigated the relationship between preoperative diastolic transpulmonary gradient with preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance and 1-year and overall mortality among cardiac transplant patients. (ectrx.org)
• Among these, diastolic transpulmonary gradient, mean transpulmonary gradient, and pulmonary vascular resistance were correlated with one another and 1st-year and overall mortality rates. (ectrx.org)
• Measurement of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is traditionally the criterion standard for identifying those with reactive pulmonary changes. (ectrx.org)

Ductus1

• Typically, the ductus has a conical shape with a large aortic end tapering into the small pulmonary connection. (medscape.com)

Circulatory system3

• The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
• The other division of the circulatory system is the systemic circulation that begins with receiving the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation into the left atrium. (wikipedia.org)
• This flow is known as circulation and this system of this circulation called circulatory system. (edignite.com)

Atrial1

• 1,2 Increased pulmonary pressures, and in turn right ventricular and right atrial pressures, before cardiac transplant increase the risk of death among cardiac transplant recipients. (ectrx.org)

Systemic circulation2

• The blood is then distributed to the body through the systemic circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. (wikipedia.org)
• Several figures such as Hippocrates and al-Nafis receive credit for accurately predicting or developing specific elements of the modern model of pulmonary circulation: Hippocrates for being the first to describe pulmonary circulation as a discrete system separable from systemic circulation as a whole and al-Nafis for making great strides over the understanding of those before him and towards a rigorous model. (wikipedia.org)

16282

• Before we get to know him better, we need to take a side-trip back to 1628, when a 50-year old Harvey published a short but revolutionary treatise. (jstor.org)
• The history of blood transfusion originated with William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation in 1628. (medscape.com)

Bypass1

• For Harvey to dispel Galen's system, he first needed to disprove the existence of a porous septum, as this was the mechanism that allowed Galen to bypass the need for circular blood movement. (jstor.org)

Transplant3

• Diastolic transpulmonary gradient can be used as a promising easy-to-use parameter of intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease and a predictor of 1-year and overall mortality among patients undergoing cardiac transplant. (ectrx.org)
• 3-5 Thus, it is imperative to identify those with reactive pulmonary changes that are irreversible and potentially put the transplanted heart in jeopardy before transplant. (ectrx.org)
• 8-11 A few studies have investigated its role in identifying intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease in cardiac transplant patients. (ectrx.org)

Diseases1

• Thus, simpler and flow-independent techniques to identify intrinsic pulmonary vascular diseases are needed. (ectrx.org)

Galen2

• In 80 succinct pages, Harvey succeeded in correcting the reigning and almost sacrosanct theory of blood circulation in his time, put forward by the 2nd century CE Greek doctor Galen, who commanded utmost authority in medicine. (jstor.org)
• Considered the most significant work on the pulse between Galen and Harvey. (historyofmedicine.com)

Atrium1

• From the atrium the oxygenated blood enters the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the rest of the body, returning as deoxygenated blood back to the pulmonary circulation. (wikipedia.org)

Small1

• It can be divided into two small circulations which are the minor (pulmonary) blood circulation, and the major (systemic) blood circulation. (robhosking.com)

Parts of the body1

• The blood circulation is the travel of blood from the heart to all the parts of the body. (scienceandinventions.com)

Physician1

• The pulmonary circulation was first discovered in the year 1242 by Ibn Al-Nafis (1213-1288) the Arabian physician. (scienceandinventions.com)

Increase1

• Additionally, they may use electrical stimulation to increase circulation and simple exercises to improve flexibility, strength and balance. (careinitiatives.org)

Passes1

• Typically, only about 10% of the right ventricular output passes through the pulmonary vascular bed. (medscape.com)

Return1

• This conception means that the pulmonary return must equal the superior caval return, otherwise the circulation would be unbalanced. (edu.au)

Body1

• The blood circulation is the path of the blood throughout the body. (robhosking.com)

Patient1

• The American Thoracic Society improves global health by advancing research, patient care, and public health in pulmonary disease, critical illness, and sleep disorders. (thoracic.org)

Started the process1

• Luckily for Harvey, someone else had already started the process of critiquing Galen's system. (jstor.org)

Process1

• Circulation is the process that is responsible for moving of gases, wastes and nutrients to and from cells. (robhosking.com)

Free1

• The borders in the garden were enlarged for the more free circulation of the air where it was required, and the stoves were improved for the reception of plants, and, as near as it was thought possible, adapted to the climates from which they were produced. (fromoldbooks.org)

Death1

• It is possible that he might have interpreted this observation in terms of the pulmonary and systemic circulations had it not been for his untimely death at the stake as a penalty for his alleged radical teachings. (edu.au)

Simple1

• Based on some simple experiments and observations, harvey. (robhosking.com)

Time1

• The circulation of the blood in the animal system is our first subject of inquiry for the present lecture, and it is a subject which has laboured under the same difficulties, and has required as long a period of time as almost any of the preceding sciences, for its complete illustration and establishment. (google.com.ph)