Hydrolysis. Medical search. Frequent questions

In California, researchers from the DOE-Office of Science funded JBEI, in conjunction with staff from the DOE-Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy funded ABPDU at LBNL, published the paper, "Scale-Up and Evaluation of High Solid Ionic Liquid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Switchgrass," in the journal Biotechnology for Biofuels . (jbei.org)
P.107 left column bottom paragraph: ''Energy-rich' compounds are characterized by their free energy of hydrolysis ('group transfer potential') (ΔG0'), which lies in the range of -5 to -15 kcal/mol (-20.9 to -62.8 kJ/mol) and by the fact that they exist in an enzymatic equilibrium with the ATP system. (harvard.edu)
Protein hydrolysis is carried out by chemical and enzymatic methods. (wazeesupperclub.com)
To serve as carbon source for Clostridium, pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, as prerequisites for downstream fermentation, are necessarily required to degrade the polymeric carbohydrate into monomer sugars. (auburn.edu)
It was found that supplementation minute quantity of poly-diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) in alkaline pretreatment led to slightly negative effect on delignification but enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated solids quite significantly (e.g., 14-25% increase in glucan digestibility). (auburn.edu)
It was shown that addition of polyDADMAC in hot-water treatment enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignin-free cellulose likewise. (auburn.edu)
Extraction and characterization of wax from sugarcane bagasse and the enzymatic hydrolysis of dewaxed sugarcane bagasse. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, wax extraction from sugarcane bagasse was performed and the beneficial effect of dewaxing pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, the effect of dewaxing pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was also investigated. (bvsalud.org)

Analysis of 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adducts in human urinary bladder and lung by alkaline hydrolysis and negative ion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)
Microwave-assisted alkaline hydrolysis of PET can be 20 times faster and at lower temperatures. (buchkatalog.de)
This consultation seeks to balance clarity of language around the alkaline hydrolysis process with the objective of ensuring that the subject matter is treated with care, respect and sensitivity. (gov.scot)
One of these is alkaline hydrolysis, also known as 'water cremation. (gov.scot)
The proposals to regulate alkaline hydrolysis discussed in this consultation aim to provide people in Scotland with a possible alternative choice to burial and cremation, while ensuring that providers are subject to the same oversight, requirements and conditions as cremation. (gov.scot)
This has been done intentionally to avoid ambiguity in describing alkaline hydrolysis and to ensure accuracy in the development of a potential legal framework around the process. (gov.scot)
It also describes the use of alkaline hydrolysis in testing for amides. (shout.education)
The alkaline hydrolysis of amides actually involves reaction with hydroxide ions, but the result is similar enough that it is still classed as hydrolysis. (shout.education)

Severn Trent's new thermal hydrolysis plant (THP) at its biggest sewage treatment works in Minworth, near Birmingham is starting to become operational, with 100 tonnes of sludge being processed daily. (utilityweek.co.uk)
A thermal hydrolysis plant, processes all types of organic municipal and industrial sludge and also grease in batch mode. (veoliawatertechnologies.co.uk)

Perhaps the oldest commercially practiced example of ester hydrolysis is saponification (formation of soap). (wikipedia.org)

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) augments chemoattractant-induced diglyceride generation in human neutrophils but inhibits phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (eurekamag.com)

A common kind of hydrolysis occurs when a salt of a weak acid or weak base (or both) is dissolved in water. (wikipedia.org)
For example, dissolving sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water is accompanied by hydrolysis to give hydronium and bisulfate, the sulfuric acid's conjugate base. (wikipedia.org)
For a more technical discussion of what occurs during such a hydrolysis, see Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory. (wikipedia.org)
The products for both hydrolyses are compounds with carboxylic acid groups. (wikipedia.org)
They catalyze the hydrolysis of interior peptide bonds in peptide chains, as opposed to exopeptidases (another class of enzymes, that catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal peptide bonds, liberating one free amino acid at a time). (wikipedia.org)
Upon hydrolysis, an amide converts into a carboxylic acid and an amine or ammonia (which in the presence of acid are immediately converted to ammonium salts). (wikipedia.org)
Presented in this work is a novel "bottom up" proteomics approach to protein identification and characterization that utilizes microwave-accelerated acid hydrolysis combined with mass spectrometric methods and bioinformatics. (umd.edu)
A high-efficiency hydrocyclone was designed by response surface methodology to evaluate the recycling of acid hydrolysis residues from titanium dioxide (TiO2) production as a study case. (datadryad.org)
Complex matrices such as food typically require acid hydrolysis prior to solvent extraction, to free bound lipids and to facilitate the extraction. (buchi.com)
This study describes a New method for the analysis of the extractable and nonextractable ellagitannins based on the quantification of the acid hydrolysis products that include ellagic acid, gallic acid, sanguisorbic acid dilactone, valoneic acid dilactone, and gallagic acid dilactone in pomegranate samples. (nofima.no)
A large variability has been found in the ellagitannin content (150−750 mg of hydrolysis products/g) and type (gallagic acid/ellagic acid ratios between 4 and 0.15) of the 11 pomegranate extracts studied. (nofima.no)
The product of this hydrolysis inhibits the activity of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, whereas this effect was abolished by nitrous acid deamination. (diabetesjournals.org)
This work reports the study on the luminescence properties portrayed by carbon dots synthesized under different acid hydrolysis conditions. (unimas.my)
Initial mild acid hydrolysis at 4 °C and followed by incubation at room temperature was found favourable to the production of carbon dots emitting green fluorescence, whereas higher temperatures of 50 and 70 °C would produce carbon dots emitting blue fluorescence. (unimas.my)
Prior hydrolysis is carried out with hydrochloric acid for an hour. (beger.si)
Urine samples collected from 15 exposed workers (N = 111) were subjected to acid hydrolysis and extracted with dichloromethane, then derivatized with acetic anhydride. (cdc.gov)

The chemical and microbiological hydrolyses of epoxide compounds of acetylene series have been comparatively carried out. (scirp.org)
Table gives gibbs free energies for hydrolysis of Energy-rich compounds involved in Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP). (harvard.edu)
The compounds under the peak were analyzed by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and found to consist of a multiplicity of lower molecular weight polymer hydrolysis fragments. (unige.ch)
Hydrolysis of Model Compounds for. (umn.edu)

Their hydrolysis occurs when the nucleophile (a nucleus-seeking agent, e.g., water or hydroxyl ion) attacks the carbon of the carbonyl group of the ester or amide. (wikipedia.org)

The processive type of cellulase is crucial for efficient cellulose hydrolysis, and most of the characterized processive enzymes are exoglucanases, although endoglucanases of the processive type have been identified 6 . (nature.com)

Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. (wikipedia.org)
In its simplest definition, hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down the bonds of a particular substance. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Hydrolysis of eIF2-GTP occurs after the Met-tRNAi has recognized the AUG. This reaction is catalyzed by eIF5 (or eIF5B) and is thought to cause dissociation of all other initiation factors and allow joining of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. (reactome.org)
We revealed that the emissions of carbon dots were strongly dependent on the reaction condition during the synthesis, which include hydrolysis time and temperature. (unimas.my)
In the presence of ssDNA, the ATP hydrolysis reaction followed a linear time course until the ATP was depleted. (illinois.edu)
The nonlinear kinetics of the dsDNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis reaction could be modeled by a kinetic scheme in which helicase II undergoes a time-dependent transition from an ATPase-inactive to an ATPase-active form. (illinois.edu)
Instead, agarose gel assays showed that progressive unwinding of the dsDNA occurs during the same time period as the lag phase of the ATP hydrolysis reaction. (illinois.edu)
No significant ATP hydrolysis was observed when the linear dsDNA was replaced with closed circular dsDNA, suggesting that the ATP hydrolysis reaction requires a dsDNA substrate that can be unwound to the complementary single strands. (illinois.edu)
These results are consistent with a model in which the lag phase of the dsDNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis reaction corresponds to progressive unwinding of the dsDNA, with the ATP hydrolysis reaction arising from helicase II molecules that are bound to the separated single strands. (illinois.edu)
Technically, hydrolysis is a reaction with water. (shout.education)
This reaction usually occurs in a series of two steps, in first reaction process, Gelatinases hydrolyses gelatin into polypeptides and further the polypeptides are converted into amino acids. (researchtweet.com)
These changes reduce or eliminate the protein's ability to perform the hydrolysis reaction. (medlineplus.gov)

When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification. (wikipedia.org)
Both simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) were applied for solvent production with Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC-824). (auburn.edu)

Structural comparison with other MBLs revealed a new hydrolysis mechanism applicable to all three subclasses of MBLs, which might help the design of mechanism based inhibitors. (nih.gov)
Mechanism for basic hydrolysis of α-chloronitrile to ketone? (stackexchange.com)
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins have two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) that work as dimers to bind and hydrolyze ATP, but the molecular mechanism of nucleotide hydrolysis is controversial. (nih.gov)

The reduced availability of FFAs results in decreased cellular ATP concentrations and impaired phagocytosis suggesting that fatty acids must first go through a cycle of esterification and re-hydrolysis before they are available as energy substrate. (joanneum.at)

28. Enantiocomple- mentery Epoxide Hydrolyses as a Preparative Access to Both Enantiomers of Styrene Oxide," Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 58, No. 20, 1993, pp. 5533-5536. (scirp.org)
epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), which exhibits slow hydrolysis of EETs in vitro, is thought to contribute marginally. (nih.gov)

The hydrolysis of peptides gives amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
What is the product on hydrolysis of peptides? (wazeesupperclub.com)
What causes hydrolysis of peptides? (wazeesupperclub.com)

It is the hydrolysis of a triglyceride (fat) with an aqueous base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). (wikipedia.org)
Efficient phagocytosis requires triacylglycerol hydrolysis by adipose triglyceride lipase. (joanneum.at)

The modest reduction of in vitro starch hydrolysis and glucose diffusion at increased viscosity suggests that the established benefits of soluble fibres on post-prandial glycaemia, in terms of attenuation of the overall rate and extent of dietary starch conversion to blood glucose, are not primarily due to a direct effect of viscosity. (monash.edu)

Eight years ago, Anglian Water developed a new hydrolysis technology to maximise biogas production from the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge - a process that also reduced operating costs and carbon emissions. (utilityweek.co.uk)

In addition, in living systems, most biochemical reactions (including ATP hydrolysis) take place during the catalysis of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
The catalytic action of enzymes allows the hydrolysis of proteins, fats, oils, and carbohydrates. (wikipedia.org)
As an example, one may consider proteases (enzymes that aid digestion by causing hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins). (wikipedia.org)
In living organisms, the process is normally catalyzed by enzymes known as peptidases or proteases, although there are reports of peptide bond hydrolysis caused by conformational strain as the peptide/protein folds into the native structure. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Gelatinase is considered as one of the most important enzymes in various pathogenic organisms as it is produced extracellularly, and hydrolysis gelatin which is derived from the connective tissues of the vertebrates in the form of collagen. (researchtweet.com)
This test is commonly used to determine the ability of an organism to produce the extracellular proteolytic enzymes, gelatinases, which hydrolyses the gelatin, a component of the vertebrate connective tissue. (researchtweet.com)

Protein hydrolysis leads to amino acids. (wazeesupperclub.com)
Gelatin is a protein that hydrolyses in the presence of an enzyme gelatinase by breaking down the complex structure into monomeric amino acids. (researchtweet.com)

Equilibrium constants of the malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, citrate lyase, and acetyl coenzyme A hydrolysis reactions under physiological conditions. (harvard.edu)

Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol molecules from fetal and adult cells were sensitive to hydrolysis by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from B. cereus. (diabetesjournals.org)

for the hydrolysis, this process was followed by the fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of alcohol which was fermented at 14, 21, 28 days to produce alcohol. (org.in)

However, proteases do not catalyze the hydrolysis of all kinds of proteins. (wikipedia.org)

Weight loss and evolution of hydrolysis product occurred after an induction period that decreased with increasing content of the lactoyl−lactyl segment in the polymer. (unige.ch)
However, in fetal hepatocytes insulin failed to reduce the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol content when labeled either with [1- 14 C]isethionyl acetimidate or [ 3 H]glucosamine, whereas insulin-like growth factor I produced a significant hydrolysis of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol. (diabetesjournals.org)
BEGER hydrolysis equipment HYD is used for sample preparation for the determination of the total fat content in food and feed. (beger.si)

These data suggest that MAN1 is synthesized in the aleurone layer during early grain imbibition and moves potentially through the apoplast to the endosperm where the hydrolysis of the mannan polymers takes place after germination sensu stricto. (upm.es)

Therefore, proteins that do not fit into the crevice will not undergo hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)

Evaluation of resistance to hydrolysis of polyester and nylon by Multi-scale simulation. (go.jp)

M. Veliyev, M. Salmanov, S. Aliyeva, M. Shatirova and G. Yagubova, "Chemical and Microbiological Hydrolysis of Epoxides of Acetylene Series," International Journal of Organic Chemistry , Vol. 1 No. 3, 2011, pp. 113-118. (scirp.org)

Usually hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance. (wikipedia.org)
What happens in the process of hydrolysis? (wazeesupperclub.com)
The thermal hydrolysis process (THP) achieves enhanced treated sludge and the final sludge cake dryness is improved. (veoliawatertechnologies.co.uk)
How does the thermal hydrolysis process work? (veoliawatertechnologies.co.uk)
The thermal hydrolysis process makes biosolid waste material or sludge more biodegradable. (veoliawatertechnologies.co.uk)
Gelatin hydrolysis test is also called as Gelatin liquefication test, as this test involves the process of liquefication of gelatin in the presence of an enzyme gelatinase. (researchtweet.com)
HINT1 breaks down particular nucleotides through a process called hydrolysis. (medlineplus.gov)

On the basis of expected hydrolysis products, it was possible to assign a structure to most molecular weight peaks in the ESI/MS spectrum. (unige.ch)

After the induction period, a concomitant rate of weight loss and release of hydrolysis products was noted. (unige.ch)
What is peptide and peptide bond What are the products obtained by the hydrolysis of polypeptide? (wazeesupperclub.com)

A novel method using nanoflow ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed to quantify trisaminohexyl isocyanurate (TAHI), a hydrolysis product of HDI isocyanurate, in the urine of spray-painters. (cdc.gov)

Using Ephx1-/-, Ephx2-/- and Ephx1-/- Ephx2-/- mice, we demonstrate that EPHX1 significantly contributes to EET hydrolysis in vivo. (nih.gov)

Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. (wikipedia.org)
Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down, whereas condensation builds up by removing water. (wikipedia.org)
A peptide bond can be broken by hydrolysis (the addition of water). (wazeesupperclub.com)

This page describes the hydrolysis of amides under both acidic and alkaline conditions. (shout.education)

Sample preparation by hydrolysis is essential for a good fat analysis result. (beger.si)

The data were found to be consistent with a hydrolysis that takes place predominantly in the surface layers of the solid polymer. (unige.ch)

Poly(ortho esters) based on 3,9-diethylidene-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 1,10-decanediol, and 1,10-decanediol dilactate were prepared and their hydrolysis in phosphate buffer at 37 °C and pH 7.4 was determined as a function of time. (unige.ch)

These two mechanisms account for the observed decrease in SL binding to D14 and subsequent ligand hydrolysis in the presence of the CTH. (biorxiv.org)
The ATP hydrolysis activity of DNA helicase II from Escherichia coli was examined in the presence of linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). (illinois.edu)
In the presence of dsDNA, in contrast, there was a kinetic lag before a linear phase of ATP hydrolysis was achieved. (illinois.edu)

This review describes recent research in the development of tank systems based on complex metal hydrides for thermolysis and hydrolysis. (mdpi.com)

It has been shown that as distinguished from chemical one in microbiological hydrolysis along with corresponding optically active glycols, ketoalcohols of acetylene series are also formed. (scirp.org)
Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for hydrolysis constant of hydrated metal ion M(II) in a bar chart. (webelements.com)

In particular, it is still unresolved whether hydrolysis leads to dissociation of the ATP-induced dimers or opening of the dimers, with the NBDs remaining in contact during the hydrolysis cycle. (nih.gov)

In hydrolysis test, media containing gelatin is used and its hydrolysis is detected either by liquification of the media or by flooding the media with mercuric chloride, as mercuric chloride helps in precipitating the gelatin and make the hydrolysed area to look clear. (researchtweet.com)
Gelatin hydrolysis test is generally used to detect the micro-organisms Gram negative rods require gelatine for the identification of specific fluorescent pseudomonas. (researchtweet.com)

Anatomy6

Organisms7

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Enzymatic9

Alkaline hydrolysis8

Thermal hydrolysis plant2

Ester hydrolysis1

Phosphoinositide hydrolysis1

Acid16

Compounds4

Amide1

Cellulose1

Reaction12

Saccharification2

Mechanism3

Substrate1

Epoxide2

Peptides3

Triglyceride2

Glucose1

Biogas1

Enzymes6

Protein2

Reactions1

Molecules1

Fermentation1

Proteases1

Content3

Polymers1

Proteins1

Resistance1

Organic1

Process7

Molecular1

Products2

Product1

Significantly1

Water3

Conditions1

Preparation1

Place1

Time1

Presence3

Complex1

Chemical2

Leads1

Test2