Htlv simian t lymphotropic virus 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from RNA. (medscape.com)
Isolation of similar retroviruses in nonhuman primates, simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses (STLV), STLV-1, STLV-2, and STLV-3, have also been discovered, suggesting that HTLV arose as an interspecies transmission between monkeys and humans. (medscape.com)
This course initiated my career studying avian retroviruses at Saint Louis University, leading to the discovery of the avian myeloblastosis virus IN by my lab in 1978. (nature.com)
Structural studies of intasomes revealed different number of IN subunits ranging from 4 for the PFV and delta-retroviruses human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) (3) and simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (4), 8 for alpha-retrovirus RSV (5) and beta-retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) (6). (nature.com)
Similar to other retroviruses, HTLV-1 evolves either through accumulation of point mutations or recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the description of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and its simian counterpart, simian T-cell leukemia virus type I (STLV-I), the possible existence of other related simian retroviruses has been raised. (tmu.edu.tw)
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. (medscape.com)

The lymphotropic virus type 1 strains were aligned with the DAMBE program (version 4.2.13). (cdc.gov)
All HTLV strains belong to the Retroviridae family in the genus Deltaretrovirus. (medscape.com)
however, for PTLV-2 this is not so clear because HTLV-2 and STLV-2 strains from captive bonobos (Pan paniscus) form two distinct clades. (bvsalud.org)
The new STLV-2 sequences were highly diverse, but grouped with previously identified STLV-2 strains as a sister clade to HTLV-2. (bvsalud.org)
HTLV-1 exhibits a remarkable genetic stability, however, viral strains have been classified in several genotypes and subgroups, which often mirror the geographic origin of the viral strain. (biomedcentral.com)
While strains from the HTLV-1d genotype represent only a few percent of the strains present in Central African countries, genotypes -e, -f, and -g have been only reported sporadically in particular in Cameroon Gabon, and Central African Republic. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, some nucleotide substitutions observed among HTLV-1 strains were specific to the geographic origin of the patients [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic associations of human and simian T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I strains: evidence for interspecies transmission. (rush.edu)
The simple reason for this is that the virus has burned its way through chimpanzee populations for thousands of years, a long enough time for the virions which do not kill their host, at least not quickly, to outcompete the most lethal strains. (balloon-juice.com)
When a virus meets a new species for the first time it will burn through the immunologically- naive animals mercilessly, until a period of coevolution takes place in which resistance alleles spread in the host populations and the fiercest strains of virus lose out to strains which keep the host alive long enough to spread more widely. (balloon-juice.com)

Interesting, HTLV-1 Tax viral gene is known to dampen innate antiviral signaling pathways to avoid host detection and elimination, through SOCS1 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP). (wikipedia.org)
No vaccine or antiviral therapy exists for HTLV infection, and viral management focuses on patient education to prevent further spread of infection. (medscape.com)
We determined the structure of the RSV intasome containing viral DNA by single-particle cryo-EM (1). (nature.com)
Our work complements earlier pioneering x-ray crystallography studies of simiispumavirus prototype foamy virus (PFV) IN in complex with viral DNA, in the absence and presence of HIV-1 INSTIs (2). (nature.com)
We approached this question using the RSV octameric intasome containing 8 IN subunits with viral DNA as a model (1) (Fig. 1). (nature.com)
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 encode auxiliary proteins that play important roles in viral replication, viral latency, and immune escape. (unl.pt)
Until now, no viral genotype or subgroup is associated with a specific HTLV-1-associated disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (unboundmedicine.com)
Although syndecans usually do not relieve the necessity for Compact disc4 and chemokine receptors for viral admittance (35) these in connection receptors amplify HIV-1 disease by advertising viral adsorption to the top of permissive cells. (biotech-angels.com)
Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Low peripheral blood viral HIV-2 RNA in individuals with high CD4 percentage differentiates HIV-2 from HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
HIV-1-induced cell fusion is mediated by multiple regions within both the viral envelope and the CCR-5 co-receptor. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Despois de entraren na célula diana, o xenoma de ARN viral convértese (por reversotranscrición ) en ADN bicatenario pola acción do encima codificado no virus transcriptase inversa que se transporta en forma de encima xa formado dentro da partícula vírica, xunto co propio xenoma. (wikipedia.org)
O ADN viral resultante é importado despois ao núcleo celular e intégrase no ADN celular pola acción do encima integrase codificado no virus e de cofactores do hóspede. (wikipedia.org)
Alternativamente, o virus pode tamén ser transcrito , producindo novas copias do xenoma de ARN viral que se traducen formando proteínas virais que se empaquetan formando novas partículas víricas, que son liberadas da célula e empezan así un novo ciclo de replicación. (wikipedia.org)
[ 13 ] Está formado por un xenoma constituído por dúas copias de ARN monocatenario positivo que codifica os nove xenes do virus e unha cápside cónica que o rodea composta por 2.000 copias da proteína viral p24 . (wikipedia.org)

HTLV-1 causes an aggressive form of leukaemia: adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), and Tax has largely been implicated in the oncogenic potential of this virus. (wikipedia.org)
Although Tax from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 can cause cells to become cancerous experimentally, Tax produced by HTLV-2 is less oncogenic than that from HTLV-1 and therefore is thought to be the reason that HTLV-2 is not associated with ATL. (wikipedia.org)
We will concentrate at first on m6A and m5C post-transcriptional modifications, and on three retroviral genera: lentiviruses (HIV and SIV, human and simian immunodeficiency viruses), the oncogenic deltaretroviruses (HTLV and BLV, human T-lymphotropic virus and bovine leukemia virus), and the oncogenic gammaretrovirus (MLV, mouse leukemia virus). (unil.ch)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
Background: No association between the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), an oncogenic virus that alters host immunity, and the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has previously been reported. (edu.pe)

However, HTLV-1 has been linked to ATL and HTLV-associated myelopathy, or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). (medscape.com)
It causes adult T-cell leukemia ( LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED ), T-cell lymphoma ( LYMPHOMA, T-CELL ), and is involved in mycosis fungoides, SEZARY SYNDROME and tropical spastic paraparesis ( PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC ). (nih.gov)

STLV, simian T-lymphotropic virus. (cdc.gov)
There are currently four known primate T-cell lymphotropic virus groups (PTLV1-4), each of which comprises closely related simian (STLV) and human (HTLV) viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (STLV-3) is almost identical to HTLV-3. (unl.pt)
Initially, a recombinant HTLV-II envelope protein (RP-IIB) was used to identify anti- STLV-II antibodies in New World monkeys by Western blot (immunoblot) assays. (tmu.edu.tw)
Subsequently, the virus was characterized by Southern blot hybridization, which showed that STLV-II and HTLV-II have a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology but have different restriction enzyme patterns. (tmu.edu.tw)
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the pX-II region of STLV-II provirus revealed 3% variation with the corresponding region of HTLV-II. (tmu.edu.tw)
Electron micrographic studies revealed HTLV-like, type C retrovirus particles outside the cell membranes of STLV-II-infected cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
Spider monkeys infected with STLV-II may serve as an important animal model for HTLV-II infection in humans. (tmu.edu.tw)

Three of the 4 major HTLV-1 subtypes are shown. (cdc.gov)
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and its subtypes were estimated to have infected 5-10 million people worldwide [ 1 - 3 ]. (e-cep.org)

HTLV-1 is a member of the Retroviridae family, the Orthoretrovirinae subfamily and the Deltaretrovirus genus, which includes bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and T-lymphotropic viruses infecting primates (PTLV). (biomedcentral.com)

PTLVs consist of simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs) type 1 to 4, which infect non-human primates and human T-lymphotropic viruses type 1-4. (biomedcentral.com)
A virus commonly found in macaques (Old World monkeys) but not in other primates. (unboundmedicine.com)

Phylogenetic tree generated on a 1,386-bp fragment of the env gene for 30 primate T-lymphotropic virus type 1 available sequences, including the 2 sequences generated in this work (in red boldface ). (cdc.gov)
By 1983, the retrovirus research field was primed to unravel the mysterious and harmful human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that caused acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (nature.com)
In vitro infection of human macrophages by human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). (rush.edu)
Protein isoforms encoded by the pX region of human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I. (rush.edu)
In the lack of a vaccine there is an urgent need for the development of safe and effective topical microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). (biotech-angels.com)
HSPG including syndecans serve as receptors for human being NMS-873 deficiency disease type-1 (HIV-1) (16) herpes virus (HSV) (7) human being papillomavirus (HPV) (13 37 and Tmem140 human being T-lymphotropic disease type 1 (HTLV-1) (19 20 Pretreatment of focus on cells such as for example macrophages with heparinase an enzyme that gets rid of HS moieties from syndecans considerably decreases HIV-1 infectivity (35). (biotech-angels.com)
Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Diagnosis of HIV-1/2 dual infection using dilution analysis of type-specific antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cytotoxic T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected patients frequently cross-react with different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Interest is increasing in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) transmission due to its adverse health impacts. (e-cep.org)

Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)

This includes Human T-lymphotrophic viruses (HTLVs), bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs). (wikipedia.org)

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. (edu.au)
Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (unboundmedicine.com)
The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (rtrn.net)
Although most HTLV-1-infected individuals are asymptomatic, fetal and childhood infections often result in several diseases with disappointing treatment outcomes. (e-cep.org)

Major HIV-1 HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency disease (SIV) isolates created from peripheral bloodstream mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exploit syndecans (2). (biotech-angels.com)

HTLV causes lifelong infection, with the overwhelming majority of cases remaining asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
Individuals with IDH have a higher proviral load than asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-1. (medscape.com)

Tax is produced by members of the retroviral family primate T-lymphotropic virus, which are classified as Deltaretroviruses. (wikipedia.org)

Future studies of bonobos and other non-human primate species in Central Africa are needed to identify the simian precursor of HTLV-2 in humans. (bvsalud.org)
SIVcpz does not cause an Aids-like illness among chimpanzees, despite its similarity to the human virus and the very close genetic relationship between chimps and humans. (balloon-juice.com)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
Recently, a molecular evolution study of the HERV-W provirus in several ape species and 24 humans demonstrated the conservation of syncytin-1, as well as its retention of receptor-mediated fusogenic activity [ 14 ]. (ecancer.org)

The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)

In 1979, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) was isolated in a patient with adult cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ATL). (medscape.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

Antibodies to HTLV-1 were fount, and the vitreous specimen revealed flower cell infiltration with HTLV-1 DNA detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)
Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)

The tax protein produced from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been most extensively studied. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of auxiliary protein-encoding open reading frames (ORFs) in HTLV-3, the latest HTLV to be discovered, is unknown. (unl.pt)
JC virus nucleotides 376-396 are critical for VP1 capsid protein expression. (rush.edu)
External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 LTR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)

This study describes the first link between HTLV-II and a simian reservoir in the New World. (tmu.edu.tw)

Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
Among the biological agents re- because species specificity limits the causes lymphoproliferative diseas- viewed in Volume 100B of the IARC feasibility of this approach for most of es in New World monkeys and in Monographs (IARC, 2012) are sever- these viruses. (who.int)

The foamy virus family: molecular biology, epidemiology and neuropathology. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is the first pathogenic human retrovirus discovered in 1980. (edu.pe)

Analysis of 15 novel full-length BK virus sequences from three individuals: evidence of a high intra-strain genetic diversity. (rush.edu)

Molecular studies point to a fairly low evolution rate of HTLV-1 (between 5.6E−7 and 1.5E−6 substitutions/site/year), supposedly because the virus persists within the host via clonal expansion (instead of new infectious cycles that use reverse transcriptase). (biomedcentral.com)

ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)

However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 · Chapter 9. (who.int)

AAVs are nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses used in gene therapy to insert copies of missing genes into host cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
Systemic expression of HIV-1 tat gene in transgenic mice induces endothelial proliferation and tumors of different histotypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)

ABL provides support for investigations of retroviral pathogenesis, development of treatment strategies for AIDS and development of vaccines for prevention of HIV and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection. (ablinc.com)

Professor Sharp said: "We are currently working to understand which genetic differences between SIVcpz and HIV-1 evolved as a response to the species jump. (balloon-juice.com)

Title : Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Guidelines to Prevent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Laboratory Workers and Animal Handlers Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.). Division of HIV/AIDS. (cdc.gov)
Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)

The first HTLV-1 complete sequence (ATK prototype) was obtained in 1983 [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Rous sarcoma virus octameric intasome complex stabilized by a HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor. (nature.com)
Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virions. (medscape.com)

Cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Natural HIV-1 Nef accelerates virus replication in primary human lymphocytes. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Neither HTLV-3 nor HTLV-4 has been linked to human disease, and considerably less is known about these viruses. (medscape.com)
For reasons that are not completely understood, a minority of individuals infected with HTLV-1 develop these symptomatic disease states. (medscape.com)
For reasons that are not completely understood, a minority of individuals infected with HTLV-1 develop disease. (medscape.com)
On March 19, 2020, the governor of California issued a statewide stay-at-home order to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (cdc.gov)
These old Egyptian documents recorded cancer as a grave incurable disease and associated it to 'the curse of the gods' ( 1 ). (jcancer.org)
When viruses enter a cell, they may immediately trigger a disease process or may remain quiescent for years. (unboundmedicine.com)
The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
Syndecans also serve as in receptors for HIV-1 (2 16 HIV-1 binds syndecans richly indicated for the endothelium and continues to be infectious for weekly whereas cell-free disease manages to lose its infectivity after an individual day (2). (biotech-angels.com)

HTLV-3 was initially isolated from a 62-year-old male pygmy in southern Cameroon. (medscape.com)

HTLV-1 transmission occurs through sexual intercourse, prolonged breast-feeding, or blood transfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. (medscape.com)

We utilized HIV-1 INSTIs as "effective tools" to stabilize the tetrameric intasome, a necessary step for isolation by size-exclusion chromatography and, future structural determination by cryo-EM. (nature.com)

Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in the central nervous system of infected individuals: identification by the combination of in situ polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. (microbiologyresearch.org)

ABL provides DMID with a suite of product development services from early feasibility studies through manufacture, testing and release of Phase I/II clinical materials for products combating pathogens, such as Shigella flexneri, Candida albicans, Clostridium difficile, Bacillus anthracis, human papillomavirus (HPV), rabies virus, influenza virus and dengue virus. (ablinc.com)

Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects at least 10 million people worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)

This study aimed to conduct a pooled estimate of HTLV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria to quantify its clinical burden and public health implications. (e-cep.org)

In this review, we describe the genetic diversity of HTLV-1, and analyze the molecular mechanisms that are at play in HTLV-1 evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
Transposable elements (TEs) or mobile elements are genetic components that can have a significant effect on the host genome [ 1 , 2 ]. (ecancer.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms63

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes37

Information Science5

Named Groups3

Health Care6

Geographicals11

Retroviruses7

Strains10

Viral16

Oncogenic6

Tropical spastic par2

STLV8

Subtypes2

Retroviridae1

Primates2

Type12

Characterization1

Bovine1

Infections5

Immunodeficiency Disease1

Asymptomatic2

Deltaretroviruses1

Humans5

Antigens1

Lymphoma2

Antibodies2

Protein8

Proteins2

Reservoir1

Monkeys2

Epidemiology1

19801

Sequences1

Reverse transcriptase1

Genus1

Primate species1

Gene2

Retroviral1

Species1

Diseases2

Sequence1

Electron2

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Disease8

Initially1

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Isolation1

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Papillomavirus1

Cell leukemia1

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