The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
In contrast to these highly specific developmental functions, Hox genes encode for proteins that display poorly selective DNA-binding properties in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Homeotic transformations2
Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. (lookformedical.com)
Hox genes encode for evolutionary conserved transcription factors that have long fascinated biologists since the observation of the first homeotic transformations in flies. (bvsalud.org)
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism. (lookformedical.com)
Hox genes are developmental architects that instruct the formation of various and precise morphologies along the body axes in cnidarian and bilaterian species. (bvsalud.org)
The Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is crucial for the death-inducing and dimerization properties of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, including Bak, Bax, and Bad. (lookformedical.com)
Expression2
HOXC8 was found to have activity in promoting nerve growth and its expression is dysregulated in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. (wikipedia.org)
CG13222, a gene that is normally upregulated by Ubx and vestigial (vg), whose expression is repressed by Ubx in T3. (bvsalud.org)
Regulation2
The product of this gene may play a role in the regulation of cartilage differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Taken together, our results suggest an evolutionary mechanism by which critical wing patterning genes might have come under the regulation of Ubx in the Dipteran lineage. (bvsalud.org)
Body1
Functional changes in Hox genes have been directly implicated in the evolution of body plans across the metazoan lineage. (bvsalud.org)
Control1
Interestingly, changing the TAAT site to a TAAAT site was sufficient to bring an otherwise unresponsive enhancer of the vg gene from Apis under the control of Ubx in a Drosophila transgenic assay. (bvsalud.org)
Ever since the discovery that the Hox family of transcription factors establish morphological diversity in the developing embryo, major efforts have been directed towards understanding Hox-dependent patterning. (bvsalud.org)
Chromosome4
This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. (wikipedia.org)
This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
Thus there is a colinear sequence between the genes on the chromosome and the structures along the anterior-posterior axis of the body that they affect (Graham, Papalopulu and Krumlauf, 1989. (ncse.ngo)
The 13 cognate gene groups are defined vertically across the clusters and consisting of up to four genes, each on a different chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Vertebrates1
Multiple duplication events of these gene clusters have led to a significant expansion of the Hox gene family in vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
19921
1992.) And the Deformed gene has the same effect in mice as the homologous mouse Hox gene (Awgulewitsch and Jacobs, 1992. (ncse.ngo)
Clusters3
Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. (wikipedia.org)
Hox genes tend to be organized into gene clusters, and there is a striking correlation between the order of Hox genes in the cluster and the spatial patterns of their expression in the developing embryo. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the position in the clusters, the Hox genes in the four clusters can be classified into thirteen cognate (orthologous gene) groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Cluster5
The Hox genes at the 3' end of the cluster are expressed in the anterior regions of the embryo and those genes at the 5'end are expressed in the posterior regions. (biomedcentral.com)
This cluster organization and the expression pattern of Hox genes are highly conserved from arthropods to mammals [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Each horizontal thick line represents a gene cluster, with cluster name shown at the left side. (biomedcentral.com)
Spiders have a duplicated Hox gene cluster, but possible sub- or neofunctionalisation of duplicates have not yet been studied systematically. (bvsalud.org)
Future research should therefore focus on these issues, in addition to the role of Polycomb and trithorax-mediated regulation, the identification of regulatory regions, cofactors or spider-specific target genes, and the significance of non-coding RNAs transcribed from within the Hox cluster and even from the antisense strand of particular Hox genes. (bvsalud.org)
Embryo1
One is that the physical order of the genes in a complex is identical to the order in which the genes are expressed along the anteroposterior axis of the embryo during development. (ncse.ngo)
Mutations1
Mutations in homeotic genes cause the replacement of one body structure by another normally located elsewhere (homoeosis: Bateson, 1894, pp. 84-85). (ncse.ngo)
Regulatory2
The fact that body plans as diverse as a fruit fly and a mouse should be determined by an almost identical underlying system of regulatory genes was an entirely unexpected discovery! (ncse.ngo)
We speculate that UCRs have some gene regulatory functions possibly in relation to the development of the intra-uterus child-bearing system. (biomedcentral.com)
Organization1
A. Diagram showing the chromosomal organization of Hox genes in human. (biomedcentral.com)
Ontology1
Number of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for this target, consisting of the sum of GO Functions and GO Processes. (nih.gov)
The best-studied cases involve the inheritance of heterochromatic chromosomal domains, and little is known about specific gene regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. (silverchair.com)
Mammalian3
In this study, we used comparative genomic methods to infer possible functional elements in the coding regions of mammalian Hox genes. (biomedcentral.com)
However, some members of these cognate groups have been lost, and only 39 Hox genes are currently present in the human and other mammalian genomes (Fig. 1A ). (biomedcentral.com)
To look for evidence of gene-specific epigenetic regulation in mammalian development, we examined one of these six, Mll2, using a multipurpose allele in the mouse to ascertain the loss-of-function phenotype. (silverchair.com)
Nerve1
Microarray‑based identification of nerve growth‑promoting genes in neurofibromatosis type I". Mol Med Rep. 9 (1): 192-6. (wikipedia.org)
Regions2
The extremely high degree of sequence conservation in non-homeobox regions suggests that they might have important roles for the functions of Hox genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the homeobox motifs are not ultraconserved regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Target2
Gene symbols, accession ids and various other target identifiers. (nih.gov)
Total count of NCBI Gene Reference Into Function hits for target listed in parenthesis, and summary table with links to publications per PMID with the specific text in article that includes the reported target. (nih.gov)
In this review, we highlight previous comparative studies of Hox genes in spiders and their significance for our understanding of the evolution of the spider body plan. (bvsalud.org)
Shown1
Homeobox HOXC8 has been shown to interact with Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1. (wikipedia.org)
Role3
Hox genes are known for their role in the specification of typical body plan features in animals. (bvsalud.org)
The results demonstrate that the gene Ubx maintains an ancestral role of modulating A1 appendage fate without preventing Dll initiation, and a secondary adaptation of abd-A evolves the ability to specify abdominal segments and proleg identity. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we investigated the role of hox genes in zebrafish thrombopoiesis to model platelet production. (bvsalud.org)
Function1
Evolutionary changes in Hox gene function are believed to be involved in the emergence of the diverse body plans we observe in animals today. (bvsalud.org)
Features2
These complexes of homeotic genes have two interesting features. (ncse.ngo)
Studies of spider Hox genes have already provided insights into evolutionarily conserved and derived features of the spider body plan and their genetic basis. (bvsalud.org)