• Evidence has implicated HER2 signaling in resistance to the EGFR-targeted cancer drug cetuximab. (her2-signaling.com)
  • The HER Alosetron family is comprised of four unique receptors: EGFR (also known as HER1 or ErbB-1) HER2 (ErbB-2 Neu) HER3 (ErbB-3) and HER4 (ErbB-4). (ecolowood.com)
  • The EGFR is definitely a 170-kd protein encoded by a 110-kb-long gene localized in the short arm of chromosome 7. (ecolowood.com)
  • Three major intracellular signaling pathways linked to EGFR activation have been identified: the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 K)/Akt pathway and the Janus-kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak2/STAT3) pathway. (ecolowood.com)
  • Specifically, the TM of unliganded (inactive) EGFR dimerizes at the C-terminus (C t ), while the ligand bound form dimerizes N-terminally (N t ), and the two helices are also rotated by 180° between the conformations ( 4 , 5 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Conversely, lapatinib, a reversible TKI, is almost as potent as afatinib, and its interaction with the unique inactive conformation of EGFR has been shown to be associated with its selectivity, specificity and long residence time, resulting in efficacy. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Inside the nucleus, HER family members (EGFR, HER2, and HER3) have been shown to function as co-transcriptional activators for various cancer-promoting genes. (plos.org)
  • The ErbB/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consists of four family members: the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2/Neu), HER3 (ErbB3), and HER4 (ErbB4). (plos.org)
  • It is used for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2 (ErbB2). (hmdb.ca)
  • The proto-oncogene designated erbB2 or HER2 encodes a 185-kilodalton transmembrane tyrosine kinase (p185erbB2), whose overexpression has been correlated with a poor prognosis in several human malignancies. (embl.de)
  • The HER2 receptor does not bind to any known ligands, however, its dimerization arm is innately positioned in an open conformation. (plos.org)
  • Like sorafenib, lapatinib is a protein kinase inhibitor shown to decrease tumor-causing breast cancer stem cells. (hmdb.ca)
  • Development of a purine-scaffold novel class of Hsp90 binders that inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce the degradation of Her2 tyrosine kinase. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • Its structure consists of an extracellular ligand-binding website a Alosetron single transmembrane hydrophobic helix and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal website to which tyrosine kinase activity is definitely limited.1 HER receptors are usually located in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells where they can interact with their ligands present in the stroma thus mediating signaling between the epithelium and the extra-cellular matrix. (ecolowood.com)
  • We examined a panel of prolactin-induced tumors for characteristics relevant to clinical tumors: histotype, ERα/progesterone receptor (PR) expression and estrogen responsiveness, Activating Protein 1 (AP-1) components, and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and AKT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose that the resulting disruption of native TM interactions disrupts the conformation of the kinase domain, inhibiting EGFR's ability to send migratory cell signals. (biorxiv.org)
  • FGFRs are a class of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and are single-pass membrane proteins made of N-terminal extracellular (EC) domains with three immunoglobulin-like subdomains (D1, D2 and D3), a transmembrane (TM) domain with a single α-helix, and an intracellular (IC) region which includes tyrosine kinase motifs, a juxta-membrane domain and a carboxyl-terminal tail [12-14]. (123dok.org)
  • A common feature of all EGF-like domains is that they are found in the extracellular domain of membrane-bound proteins or in proteins known to be secreted (exception: prostaglandin G/H synthase). (embl.de)
  • Various diverse extracellular proteins possess Ca(2+)-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, the function of which remains uncertain. (embl.de)
  • EGF-like domains in extracellular matrix proteins: localized signals for growth and differentiation? (embl.de)
  • Multidomain proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play an important role in development and maintenance of cellular organization and in tissue repair. (embl.de)
  • Peptides presented by MHC-I molecules are mainly intracellular and those presented by MHC-II molecules originate mainly from or extracellular proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HER2 does not have any identified ligand an undeniable fact explained from the structure from the extracellular area from the receptor which is already in an activated conformation and does not allow ligand docking. (ecolowood.com)
  • These tumors were distinct from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-neu tumors, and contained elevated transcripts for factors associated with luminal/alveolar expansion and differentiation, suggesting that they arose from physiologic targets of prolactin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A high-affinity conformation of Hsp90 confers tumour selectivity on Hsp90 inhibitors. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • Molecular genetic methods were implemented into the screening examinations for thrombophilic disorders in the 1990's along with the first discoveries of coagulation inhibitors (AT, protein C and protein S). The discovery of the molecular cause of activated protein C (APC) resistance by Bertina in 1994 greatly expanded their utilization. (intechopen.com)
  • the 3rd group contains ligands to HER3 and HER4 (tomoregulin neuregulins/heregulins neu differentiation element). (ecolowood.com)
  • A 45-kilodalton protein heregulin-alpha (HRG-alpha) that specifically induced phosphorylation of p185erbB2 was purified from the conditioned medium of a human breast tumor cell line. (embl.de)
  • We have also engineered proteins whose functions can be switched by phosphorylation or light. (ucsf.edu)
  • Dynamic and conformational switching in proteins. (rochester.edu)
  • Improvement of the treatment of loop structures in the UNRES force field by inclusion of coupling between backbone- and side-chain-local conformational states. (rochester.edu)
  • Group 3 con- unit of S protein contains multiple conformational tains avian infectious bronchitis virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Unique interactions of SARM ligands with androgen receptor result in specific conformational change in the androgen receptor protein, recruitment of a unique repertoire of co-regulator proteins thus contributing to their tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (swolverine.com)
  • Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. (uc.edu)
  • Compared with the traditional vaccines such as the whole fixed pathogens or protein molecules, the peptide vaccines have several advantages and disadvantages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of the carbo-hydrate molecules is indispensable for a full understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein glycosylation or protein-carbohydrate interactions. (iucr.org)
  • Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides that fold up into a distinctive 3D structure capable of binding with high affinity and specificity to small molecules up to entire organisms, with nanomolar range dissociation constants. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Compared with the various tripeptide units in solution still retaining the native PPII conformation, the presence of the gold surface affects the formation of hydrogen bonds between the protein and water molecules, thus disrupting the PPII conformation of collagen. (bvsalud.org)
  • TPD molecules require optimization of the POI binder, the E3 ligase recruiter, and a tethering linker to bring the POI and E3 ligase proteins together optimally for efficient ubiquitination. (njbio.com)
  • The structure of a Ca(2+)-binding epidermal growth factor-like domain: its role in protein-protein interactions. (embl.de)
  • Over the past several years, we have engineered a range of proteins with new functions, including protein-protein interactions that are specific enough to control complex biological processes in mammalian cells (Kapp*, Liu* et al. (ucsf.edu)
  • Chemical structures of the interfaces along with the electrical, mechanical and morphological properties at nanoscale appear equally relevant to drive the interactions between living and synthetic systems. (european-mrs.com)
  • Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) is a new and exciting therapeutic modality. (njbio.com)
  • Contact us to see how we can accelerate your targeted protein degradation programs. (njbio.com)
  • In the past 10 years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing the degradation pathway to remove disease-causing proteins and this approach spans many therapeutic areas such as oncology, immunology and neurology. (njbio.com)
  • The addition of an appropriate linker and an effective E3 ligase recruiter to the inhibitor can organize the degradation tagging complex and consequently lead to the destruction of the protein in the proteasome. (njbio.com)
  • The Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is crucial for the death-inducing and dimerization properties of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, including Bak, Bax, and Bad. (lookformedical.com)
  • The crystal structure of the carboxy-terminal dimerization domain of htpG, the Escherichia coli Hsp90, reveals a potential substrate binding site. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • A sequence of about thirty to forty amino-acid residues long found in the sequence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown [ ( PUBMED:2288911 ) ( PUBMED:6334307 ) ( PUBMED:6607417 ) ( PUBMED:3282918 ) ] to be present, in a more or less conserved form, in a large number of other, mostly animal proteins. (embl.de)
  • Several complementary DNA clones encoding related HRGs were identified, all of which are similar to proteins in the epidermal growth factor family. (embl.de)
  • Several ECM proteins such as laminin, tenascin and thrombospondin contain domains with homology to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and exhibit growth promoting activity. (embl.de)
  • Proteins which bind to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
  • High resolution X-ray crystallography shows that FS23 interacted with Hsp90,N, at the nucleotide binding cleft, and this suggests that FS23 may complete with nucleotides to bind to Hsp90,N,. The crystal structure and the interaction between Hsp90,N, and FS23 suggest a rational basis for the design of novel antitumor drugs. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides capable of folding into complex 3D structures, enabling them to bind to a large variety of targets ranging from small ions to an entire organism. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • It is thus in a selective manner, that SARMS modulate or mediate coregulators and transcription factors or signaling cascade proteins to promote anabolic activity. (swolverine.com)
  • Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • The intersection between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the HNK-targets was determined using a Venn diagram, and the results were analyzed using a protein-protein interaction network, hub gene selection, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, genetic alteration analysis, survival rate, and immune cell infiltration levels. (hindawi.com)
  • The outcome of this study resulted in a somewhat complex and rather specific initial indication for lapatinib-use only in combination with capecitabine for HER2-positive breast cancer in women whose cancer have progressed following previous chemotherapy with anthracycline, taxanes and trastuzumab. (hmdb.ca)
  • FoxO3a expression is suppressed in Philadelphia chromosome positive CML and ALL patients In order to investigate whether FoxO3a protein expression is also lost in Ph leukemia patients, we analyzed the peripheral blood samples of several CML and ALL patients. (mi-rna.com)
  • Cells maintain protein homeostasis by regulating protein levels and destroying aberrant proteins by tagging them for destruction. (njbio.com)
  • As an indicator of downstream apoptotic events in response to bortezomib treatment, the protein expression of BIM splice variant was increased upon bortezomib treatment. (mi-rna.com)
  • Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Ponatinib binds the BRAF dimer and stabilizes a distinct αC-helix conformation through interaction with a previously unrevealed allosteric site. (nature.com)
  • We have extended our studies to encompass intrinsically disordered proteins, and are using the sequences of those proteins as an added resource in the study of folding and stability in proteins. (rochester.edu)
  • Your conformation along with stability in the immobilized enzyme ended up seen as checking the changes in its intrinsic fluorescence as being a aim of temperatures, to be able to read the unfolding/folding procedure inside hydrogel, basically related to the actual molecule activity. (peptidesolubility.com)
  • Several other genetic backgrounds result in enlargement of the haltere significantly beyond the normal range of haploinsufficient phenotypes, suggesting genetic variation in cofactors that mediate homeotic protein function. (lookformedical.com)
  • The crystal structure identifies the role of Ca2+ in maintaining the conformation of the N-terminal region of the domain, but more importantly demonstrates that Ca2+ can directly mediate protein-protein contacts. (embl.de)
  • In recent work we developed the first bioinformatic representation of protein dynamics, and are currently using this tool, in combination with earlier studies of the static physical properties of amino acid sequences, to elucidate basic mechanisms of protein folding. (rochester.edu)
  • In earlier work, we have applied novel bioinformatic methods to the comparison of protein sequences and protein structures, and used the resulting data to address problems at the foundations of bioinformatics. (rochester.edu)
  • Global informatics and physical property selection in protein sequences. (rochester.edu)
  • Homolog detection using global sequence properties suggests an alternate view of structural encoding in protein sequences. (rochester.edu)
  • Beyond supersecondary structure: the global properties of protein sequences. (rochester.edu)
  • The elongated sequences can include proper secondary structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, other non-dominant epitopes on APR-1 protein show the ability to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against hookworm. (wikipedia.org)
  • HER2/neu usually has low expression in healthy tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) is a powerful tool for the visualization of proteins in tissues and has demonstrated considerable diagnostic and prognostic value. (cipsm.de)
  • Sequence-specific dynamic information in proteins. (rochester.edu)
  • Beyond Supersecondary Structure: Physics-Based Sequence Alignment. (rochester.edu)
  • Sequence-, structure-, and dynamics-based comparisons of structurally homologous CheY-like proteins. (rochester.edu)
  • Sequence determinants of protein architecture. (rochester.edu)
  • The whole peptide vaccine is to mimic the epitope of an antigen, so epitope design is the most important stage of vaccine development and requires an accurate understanding of the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic protein interested. (wikipedia.org)
  • To induce an immune response, a sequence from yeast GCN4 protein is used to improve the conformation of the peptide vaccines by forming alpha-helix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Using bioinformatics analyses, we predicted HNK protein targets from several databases and retrieved the genes differentially expressed in mBCSCs from the GEO database. (hindawi.com)
  • The antibodies from people infected by hookworm can recognize the dominant epitope of the antigen called Necator americanus APR-1 protein, but the antibodies can't induce protection against hookworm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an intracellular protein that regulates expression of various cellular functions. (preprints.org)
  • Effector proteins are then recruited to activate various cellular signaling pathways, including RAS/RAF/MEK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JAK/STAT ( 1 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • HtpG, the prokaryotic homologue of Hsp90, stabilizes a phycobilisome protein in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • Predicting and designing the structures of proteins with biologically useful accuracy has been a key challenge in computational structural biology and molecular engineering. (ucsf.edu)
  • One example is a study describing the control of precise shape transitions of a large protein assembly with optical inputs, where we successfully exchanged the 'engine' of a protein-based ATP-driven molecular machine to be powered by light (Hoersch et al. (ucsf.edu)
  • Most recently, we have focused on application of computational protein design to endow cells with the ability to sense and respond to new molecular signals and orchestrate desired biological responses, one of the most fundamental capabilities of living systems (Glasgow*, Huang*, Mandell* et al. (ucsf.edu)
  • However, the dynamic behavior of collagen with the polyproline II (PPII) conformation on gold sheets at the molecular level is too complex to capture under current experimental conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations in the gene for the antennapedia homeodomain protein are associated with the conversion of antenna to leg or leg to antenna DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development. (lookformedical.com)
  • Similar to imatinib sensitive BCR ABL cells, FoxO3a protein expression was also restored in T315I cells upon treatment with bortezomib. (mi-rna.com)
  • Killing Glioma 'Stem-like' Cells via Drug-Induced Relocation of Endosomal Urokinase Proteins. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. (uc.edu)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a valuable resource for three-dimensional structural information on glycoproteins and protein-carbohydrate complexes. (iucr.org)
  • Its N-acetylneuraminic necroptosis regulates a valuable role structural signaling how the transheterophilic number activation of the proteins serves heard once in translation. (erik-mill.de)
  • Specifically, the interaction between the gold surface and HYP limits the rotation of the dihedral angle of collagen, resulting in a tendency for the PPII conformation of the gold surface to transform to the ß-sheet conformation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Primig, M.: Integrated RNA- and protein profiling of fermentation and respiration in diploid budding yeast provides insight into nutrient control of cell growth and development. (tu-dresden.de)
  • Our advanced NMR techniques can elucidate the lowest-energy conformations to help guide linker design. (njbio.com)
  • E75, GP2, and AE37 are three different HER2/neu-derived single-peptide vaccines to treat breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • This article gives an overview of the information that can be obtained from individual PDB entries and from statistical analyses of sets of three-dimensional structures, of typical problems that arise during the analysis of carbohydrate three-dimensional structures and of the validation tools that are currently available to scientists to evaluate the quality of these structures. (iucr.org)
  • We are interested in computational studies of protein folding and dynamics, and particularly in the information about protein physics which is available through bioinformatic studies. (rochester.edu)
  • I. Develop computational methods for modeling & design of proteins, in the program Rosetta ( www.rosettacommons.org ). (ucsf.edu)
  • Alternative approach to protein structure prediction based on sequential similarity of physical properties. (rochester.edu)
  • We have determined, at high resolution (1.5 A), the crystal structure of such a domain, from human clotting factor IX, as a complex with Ca2+. (embl.de)
  • The observed crystal packing of the domains provides a plausible model for the association of multiple tandemly linked EGF-like domains in proteins such as fibrillin-1, Notch, and protein S. This model is consistent with the known functional data and suggests a general biological role for these domains. (embl.de)
  • Crystal structure of an Hsp90-geldanamycin complex: targeting of a protein chaperone by an antitumor agent. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • Our predictions generate hypotheses on protein conformations controlling biological processes - such as protein recognition, signal transduction, and enzyme active site gating - and are laying the foundation for our work reengineering and "reshaping" protein interfaces and active sites for new functions. (ucsf.edu)
  • Importantly, bortezomib treated BCR ABL transduced mice indicated a clear restoration of expression of these proteins to the levels found in control mice. (mi-rna.com)
  • category proteins are NO)-induced membranes in Cancers non-pathological as the complex of basis, ligase, specific expression process and domain of tonoplast editing( Giralt JA and Greengard process, 2004). (erik-mill.de)
  • Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. (lookformedical.com)
  • Herein, we document remoteness issues that boost the stableness along with sustain the adventure and suitable stoichiometry regarding profitable complexes between your purified prototypical GPCR, rhodopsin (Rho), and also the rod cell-specific Gary protein, transducin (Gt bike). (gw786034inhibitor.com)
  • Joining regarding filtered Gt in order to photoactivated Rho (Rho*) in n-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside (DDM) reviewed by simply serum filtration chromatography was normally modest, as well as filtered complexes offered heterogeneous percentages associated with necessary protein factors, more than likely as a consequence of excessive soap. (gw786034inhibitor.com)
  • For example, a protein that is essential for cancer cell replication may be identified and a ligand developed that may have good binding but may not be effective enough at modulating the function of the protein to reverse the disease state. (njbio.com)
  • The protein modifications can be either a single ubiquitin protein (monoubiquitylation) or a chain of ubiquitin (polyubiquitylation). (ubiquitininhibitors.com)
  • Image resolution modifications related to otitis press provided improved smooth tissue opacity inside the bulla, thickening in the bulla wall structure, enflamed bulla, and also osteolysis from the bulla wall as well as trabeculations. (ubiquitininhibitors.com)