• Epidemics of influenza typically occur during the winter months in temperate regions and have been responsible for an average of approximately 36,000 deaths/year in the United States during 1990--1999 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Seasonal influenza epidemics also impose a considerable economic burden in the form of hospital and other health care costs and lost productivity. (who.int)
  • In the United States of America, for example, estimates in 1986 put the cost of influenza epidemics to the economy at US$ 5000 million per year. (who.int)
  • The WHO influenza programme was established in 1947 with two main functions: to assist in planning for the possible recurrence of an influenza pandemic, and to devise control methods to limit the spread and severity of seasonal epidemics. (who.int)
  • Influenza A and B viruses cause yearly epidemics-typically in the winter months-in the Northern Hemisphere. (texas.gov)
  • Seasonal Influenza is an acute viral infection that spreads easily from person to person and seasonal epidemics usually occur at this time. (thestkittsnevisobserver.com)
  • Although vaccination is an important strategy to prevent influenza infection, most of the current vaccines cannot provide immediate protection in the event of influenza pandemics and epidemics due to the length of time required for producing effective vaccines. (justia.com)
  • Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)
  • Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
  • Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
  • There are 4 types of influenza viruses, styles A, B, C and D. Influenza A and B viruses circulate and induce seasonal epidemics of ailment. (infotrace.net)
  • The effects of seasonal influenza epidemics in producing international locations are not entirely regarded, but analysis estimates that 99% of deaths in youngsters under 5 many years of age with influenza connected reduce respiratory tract bacterial infections are in creating nations (2) . (infotrace.net)
  • Every year, influenza epidemics seriously affect all population and demographics, but the highest risk of complications are children younger than age 2 years, the elderly adults who are 65 years or older, mothers-to-be and people suffering from certain medical conditions. (flushotprices.com)
  • There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics of disease in people (known as flu season) almost every winter in the United States. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics (i.e., global epidemics of flu disease). (greenvillenr.com)
  • Influenza C virus infections generally cause mild illness and are not thought to cause human epidemics. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Current seasonal flu vaccines are formulated to protect against influenza viruses known to cause epidemics, including: one influenza A(H1N1) virus, one influenza A(H3N2) virus, one influenza B/Victoria lineage virus, and one influenza B/Yamagata lineage virus. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Seasonal epidemics of respiratory illness are caused by Influenza A and B which occur every year. (digigiggles.com)
  • The burden of influenza in Cambodia is not well known, but it would be useful for understanding the impact of seasonal epidemics and pandemics and to design appropriate policies for influenza prevention and control. (who.int)
  • Influenza viruses of the A and B genera may elicit epidemics and pandemics periodically. (hartmann-academie.nl)
  • Influenza viruses are highly contagious and can cause seasonal epidemics, manifesting as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of severity, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
  • Although it is unusual for people to get influenza A virus infections directly from animals, sporadic human infections and outbreaks caused by certain avian influenza A viruses and swine influenza A viruses have been reported. (cdc.gov)
  • The H5N8 subtype has caused multiple outbreaks in poultry in Europe over the past few winters. (mdpi.com)
  • An investigation of the outbreak facilitated by WHO emphasized the increased likelihood of severe health consequences of influenza outbreaks in poorly nourished populations lacking access to well equipped health services. (who.int)
  • Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
  • Influenza A virus (IAV) outbreaks constitute a constant threat to public health and pose a remarkable impact on socio-economic systems worldwide. (authorea.com)
  • RIDTs can be useful to identify influenza virus infection as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in any setting, but especially in institutions (i.e., nursing homes, chronic care facilities, and hospitals), cruise ships, summer camps, schools, etc. (cdc.gov)
  • Positive RIDT results from one or more ill persons with suspected influenza can support decisions to promptly implement prevention and control measures for influenza outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals pose risk to humans: read the situation analysis and advice to countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Two subtypes of influenza virus, H3N2 and H1N1, have been responsible for seasonal outbreaks of the flu over the last several decades. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In Asia, outbreaks of influenza A(H3N2) were reported in Japan, Korea, and the People's Republic of China. (cdc.gov)
  • Although influenza A(H1N1) viruses were isolated less frequently worldwide, Belgium and Japan reported that A(H1N1) viruses constituted the majority of isolates and were isolated from outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus the development of an effective and safe vaccine against divergent influenza A virus strains is urgently needed for the prevention of future outbreaks of influenza. (justia.com)
  • Indirect transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine is poorly understood and information is lacking on levels of environmental exposure encountered by swine and people during outbreaks of IAV in swine barns. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of different influenza A virus subtypes currently endemic in animals include H1N1 and H3N2 in pigs (different strains than those found in humans), H3N8 in horses, H3N2 in dogs, and H5N1 in wild water birds and domestic poultry. (cdc.gov)
  • More recently, H5N1 viruses from birds have caused sporadic infections in wild foxes in the U.S. and in other countries. (cdc.gov)
  • samples positive for influenza A are then subtyped as H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, or H7N9. (flutrackers.com)
  • Unlike the avian H5N1 flu, the H1N1 swine flu is capable of being transmitted easily from person to person. (bcm.edu)
  • Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
  • Disclosed herein are neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity and cross-protective effects against divergent stains of influenza virus, which are specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • This has led to a growing concern regarding the pandemic potential of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. (justia.com)
  • Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)
  • Disclosed herein are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza H5N1 strain. (justia.com)
  • The MAbs recognize the highly conserved HA1 region of H5N1 hemagglutinin and inhibit multiple strains of the H5N1 virus, as well as treated mice infected with a lethal dose of H5N1 viruses of two divergent strains, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents for multivalent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (justia.com)
  • In one embodiment disclosed herein, a neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is provided. (justia.com)
  • In another embodiment, the epitope has at least 95% or at least 98% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical formulation for neutralizing influenza virus comprising an antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
  • This was long thought to happen only rarely, but since 1997 in southeast Asia there have been annual occurrences of humans contracting bird flu subtypes such as H5N1 or H7N9 and these cases are often lethal. (thehorse.com)
  • In addition, the signatures of human-infecting H5N1 isolates suggest that this avian subtype has low pandemic potential at present, although it presents more human adaptation components than most avian subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current widespread concern over the potential threat of a human pandemic caused by mutated H5N1 avian influenza viruses highlights the medical, social, and economic value of tools that enable correct assessment of the potential for transmissibility of avian flu viruses amongst human hosts [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the circulating H5N1 subtype has negligible potential for human-to-human transmission, there is a concern that it might acquire the necessary mutations for this capability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methylated ß-lactoglobulin provides antiviral activities against human flu infection subtype H3N2, subtype H1N1, and subtype H5N1. (hbsraevents.org)
  • The resulting new virus might then be able to infect humans and spread easily from person to person, but it could have surface proteins (hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase) different than those currently found in influenza viruses that routinely circulate in humans-this could make it seem like a "new" influenza virus to people, one that had not been encountered before. (cdc.gov)
  • The genetic information in these viruses could reassort to create a new influenza A virus with a hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase gene from the avian virus and other genes from the human virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Our immune response is triggered by the virus' hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins, shown in semi-transparent blue. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The virus can be classified into different subtypes based on their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (justia.com)
  • Neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) were used as an antiviral agent because neuraminidase can facilitate the release of viral particles by severing the sialic acid groups hemagglutinin-a surface protein influenza uses-is bound to. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • A small number of A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria viruses had highly reduced inhibition to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir. (health.gov.au)
  • Two types of influenza cause significant disease in humans: types A and B. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes, based on their surface proteins, haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Thus, currently in circulation are subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), although a number of subtypes have been known to infect humans and birds. (health.gov.au)
  • Another important message for providers is to know when to use oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) or other neuraminidase inhibitors for the management of influenza. (medscape.com)
  • In order to gain insight into the mode of evolution of these new H1N1 strains, we performed a Bayesian coalescent Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of full-length neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences of 62 H1N1 IAV strains (isolated from March 30th to by July 28th, 2009). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oseltamivir carboxylate binds to highly conserved, essential amino acids in the catalytic site of neuraminidase (NA), preventing virus release from infected cells and subsequent virus spread [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Initial testing of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 IAV strains found the viruses to be susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). There are 18 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 11 different neuraminidase subtypes (H1 through H18 and N1 through N11, respectively). (greenvillenr.com)
  • Positive samples were inoculated in MDCK cells and virus phenotypic susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) was assessed using fluorescent NA inhibition. (who.int)
  • Les échantillons positifs ont été inoculés à des cellules rénales canines Madin-Darby (MDCK) et le profil de sensibilité phénotypique des virus isolés aux INA a été évalué au moyen du test d'inhibition de la neuraminidase (NA) par fluorescence. (who.int)
  • Les deux virus de la grippe B ayant une sensibilité réduite à l'oseltamivir montrent l'importance d'une surveillance permanente de la sensibilité à l'inhibiteur de la neuraminidase. (who.int)
  • Further Influenza A viruses are divided into different subtypes hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (digigiggles.com)
  • Influenza A viruses are endemic (can infect and regularly transmit) in 6 animal species or groups (wild waterfowl, domestic poultry, swine, horses, dogs, and bats) in addition to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A virus subtypes currently endemic in humans are H3N2 and H1N1 viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • However, in 1998, H3N2 viruses from humans were introduced into the pig population and caused widespread disease among pigs. (cdc.gov)
  • Antigenic shift results when a new influenza A virus subtype against which most people have little or no immune protection infects humans. (cdc.gov)
  • While a "shift" of this kind has not occurred in relation to avian influenza viruses, such a "shift" occurred in the spring of 2009 when an H1N1 virus with genes from North American Swine, Eurasian Swine, humans and birds emerged to infect people and quickly spread, causing a pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A viruses with a hemagglutinin against which humans have little or no immunity that have reassorted with a human influenza virus are more likely to result in sustained human-to-human transmission and have pandemic potential. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, careful evaluation of influenza A viruses recovered from humans and animals that are infected with avian influenza A viruses is important to identify genetic reassortment if it occurs. (cdc.gov)
  • Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is rare, and does not always lead to human illness, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Around the mid-20th century, identification of influenza sub-types was made possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness and include chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness, shortness of breath, and general discomfort. (wikipedia.org)
  • Direct transmission of a swine flu virus from pigs to humans is occasionally possible (zoonotic swine flu). (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in humans the symptoms of the 2009 "swine flu" H1N1 virus are similar to influenza and influenza-like illness in general. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 2009 H1N1 virus is not zoonotic swine flu, as it is not transmitted from pigs to humans, but from person to person through airborne droplets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)
  • There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
  • Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
  • In conclusion, the co-circulation of three IAV subtypes in wild ducks close to backyard farms in Mexico, as well as, the local identification of HA gene sequences genetically related to Mexican livestock IAV strains and also to North American waterfowl IAV strains, highlight the importance of the Lerma marshes for influenza surveillance given the close interaction among wild birds, poultry, pigs, and humans. (authorea.com)
  • The discovery helped overturn the prior commonly held belief that previous exposure to a flu virus conferred little or no immunological protection against strains that can jump from animals into humans, such as those causing the so-called swine flu or bird flu. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Influenza is an acute transmissible respiratory disease that affects humans and animals and has high morbidity and mortality rates. (naturalnews.com)
  • The Influenza A virus, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, can cause influenza in humans, birds or domesticated food animals. (justia.com)
  • Of the 16 known HAs and nine NAs, three HA subtypes (H1, H2, and H3) and two NA subtypes (N1 and N2) are most commonly found in humans. (justia.com)
  • New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
  • Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)
  • some data implies that the pigs caught the virus from the humans back then. (healthstatus.com)
  • Researchers confirmed that the virus infesting these pigs was a blended structure of viral-strains from humans and birds. (healthstatus.com)
  • In addition, each year some cases of influenza C are isolated from humans, but as these viruses tend not to cause severe disease, they are not a focus of surveillance. (health.gov.au)
  • Now circulating in humans are subtype A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) influenza viruses. (infotrace.net)
  • This virus has limited zoonotic potential: only four influenza subtypes have been known to circulate amongst humans, while at least 100 subtypes have been observed in birds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, occasional transmissions of influenza A to humans can have a tremendous impact. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918/19 claimed over 40 million lives, and was almost certainly caused by adaptation of an avian H1N1 strain to humans [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The flu is termed a respiratory illness caused by the influenza viruses which are of four types A, B, C, and D but only A, B, and C can spread to humans. (digigiggles.com)
  • So far, the avian and porcine subtypes of the influenza A viruses have not well adapted to humans. (hartmann-academie.nl)
  • Even though small clusters of A(H5) virus infections have been reported previously including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that influenza A(H5) viruses have not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans, thus the likelihood is low. (who.int)
  • however, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses also circulated, and the predominant virus varied by U.S. Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) region and week. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza B viruses were predominant in Region 4 from early November through late December. (cdc.gov)
  • Nationally, influenza B/Victoria viruses are predominant, followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Predominant viruses differ by region and age group, the CDC explains. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza peaks were observed in October each season, with variant predominant strains. (atlantis-press.com)
  • The 2018-2019 season differed from past seasons in that it was much longer, had a later peak, and the predominant strain of influenza changed from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at the beginning of the season to influenza A(H3N2) in the middle of the season. (health.mil)
  • Influenza B was the predominant influenza type starting from the beginning of Nov. 2019. (health.mil)
  • Starting at surveillance week 45 (3-9 Nov. 2019), influenza B was the predominant influenza type, followed by high activity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 three weeks thereafter. (health.mil)
  • The predominant influenza virus subtype is influenza A H3N2. (medscape.com)
  • IAV H3N2 viruses have been the predominant strains during the last 20 years, with the exception of the 1988-1989 and 2000-2001 seasons where H1N1 infections dominated [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strain A/Swine/Iowa/79 (H1N1). (cdc.gov)
  • Strain A/Swine/Texas/98 (H3N2). (cdc.gov)
  • Strain A/Kansas/13/2009 (H3N2). (cdc.gov)
  • Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) refers to any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The result is the sudden appearance of a new virus strain to which populations may have no immunity and against which no existing vaccine may confer protection. (who.int)
  • 112 national influenza centres in 83 countries and four WHO collaborating centres for reference and research on influenza.1 National centres transfer representative viral isolates to the collaborating centres for immediate strain identification. (who.int)
  • The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
  • The research offers an explanation for why some people fare much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus, and the findings could help inform strategies for minimizing the effects of the seasonal flu. (ucla.edu)
  • The PLoS Pathogens study may help solve a problem that had for decades vexed scientists and health care professionals: why the same strain of the flu virus affects people with various degrees of severity. (ucla.edu)
  • Our data support updating the H3N2 vaccine strain to a clade 3C.2 or 3C.3-like strain or a subclade that has drifted further. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the most common strain early in the season, but influenza A(H3N2) predominated later in the season. (health.mil)
  • Total influenza vaccine effectiveness was low during this season in part because the A(H3N2) strain was antigenically drifted from the vaccine strain. (health.mil)
  • Flu symptoms are easy to spot, but figuring out which strain of influenza is at work is often a complex and time consuming task. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • How successfully a person can fend off the flu depends not only on the virus' notorious ability to change with the season, but also on the strain first encountered during childhood, according to new research published in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens on December 19, 2019. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The findings offer an explanation for why some patients fare much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus. (scitechdaily.com)
  • For decades, scientists and healthcare professionals were vexed by the fact that the same strain of the flu virus affects people to various degrees of severity. (scitechdaily.com)
  • 15.6% for the A/H1N1 strain) during the 2005/2006 influenza season. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • After 1930, H1N1 viral-strain was the most prominent factor in causing this illness among pigs within the next few decades. (healthstatus.com)
  • This 1976-strain was called 'A/New Jersey/1976 (H1N1). (healthstatus.com)
  • The majority of these were antigenically and genetically similar to the WHO recommended reference strain for the 2014 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. (health.gov.au)
  • Exposure of pigs to H3N2_D and H1N1_P virus was assessed by haemagglutination inhibition assay (HI), and a result of ≥1:40 was considered as indication of a positive exposure status for a specific strain. (ncsu.edu)
  • Type A subtype H1N1 one influenza virus strain and type A subtype H3N2 one influenza virus strain. (flushotprices.com)
  • While other viruses mutate from year to year, H3N2 mostly undergoes genetic changes that result in a poor match between the strain included in the vaccine and the strains that later circulate during flu season. (digigiggles.com)
  • Many flu vaccines are produced in eggs and H3N2 viruses tend to adapt to growth in eggs more readily than other types of flu viruses which leads to less effectiveness of the vaccine strain. (digigiggles.com)
  • While the H3N2 still contains the same egg-adapted mutation even the vaccine strain that was recommended for the 2018/19 flu season is different from the previous season's H3N2 strain. (digigiggles.com)
  • The proportion of specimens testing positive for influenza during the 2010--11 season first exceeded 10%, indicating higher levels of virus circulation, during the week ending November 27, 2010. (cdc.gov)
  • This is consistent with the decline in the percentage of ILI and ARI sentinel specimens testing positive for influenza. (flutrackers.com)
  • Of 440 specimens, 135 were positive for influenza B Yamagata-like virus, 38 were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 25 were A(H3N2). (who.int)
  • Environmental samples from these stalls tested positive for influenza A(H5N6) viruses. (who.int)
  • Influenza A viruses that typically are endemic in one animal species sometimes can cause illness in another species. (cdc.gov)
  • If this new influenza A virus causes illness in people and is transmitted easily from person to person in a sustained manner, an influenza pandemic can occur. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, the percentages of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) were lower during the 2010--11 season than the 2009--10 pandemic influenza season. (cdc.gov)
  • The father had a nasopharyngeal swab positive for swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) virus and had direct swine exposure 6 days before illness onset. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza viruses also can cause pandemics, during which rates of illness and death from influenza-related complications can increase worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination is associated with reductions in influenza-related respiratory illness and physician visits among all age groups, hospitalization and death among persons at high risk, otitis media among children, and work absenteeism among adults ( 8--18 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the country is experiencing high influenza-like illness activity and 800 more deaths were reported during the last week of 2019 alone, according to the most recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
  • The percentage of outpatient healthcare provider visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) rose from 5.1% to 6.9% during the week ending December 28 (week 52). (medscape.com)
  • Influenza-like illness activity was high in the District of Columbia, New York City, Puerto Rico, and 34 states (37 jurisdictions), compared with 28 jurisdictions during the previous week. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza viruses with reduced in vitro sensitivity have been shown to be transmissible and to cause typical influenza illness. (nih.gov)
  • Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
  • Influenza ("the flu") is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. (texas.gov)
  • Seasonal influenza illness is typically caused by influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 or H3N2, or by influenza B or C viruses. (texas.gov)
  • An influenza-associated pediatric death is a death in a child under 18 years of age resulting from a clinically compatible illness that is confirmed to be influenza by an appropriate laboratory or rapid diagnostic test. (texas.gov)
  • Most people who develop influenza illness will recover on their own with bed rest and do not need medication. (texas.gov)
  • These medications are usually prescribed to persons who have a severe illness or to those who are at higher risk for developing serious illness or complications due to influenza. (texas.gov)
  • Some people are more likely to develop complications from their influenza illness, leading to hospitalization or even death. (texas.gov)
  • Time from illness onset to collection of respiratory specimens for testing o Testing specimens collected within 48-72 hours of illness onset (when influenza viral shedding is highest) is more likely to yield positive RIDT results. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or acute respiratory infection (ARI) returned to pre-season or below baseline levels in most of the countries in the WHO European Region. (flutrackers.com)
  • Captured in 2011, this transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image depicts some of the ultrastructural details displayed by H3N2 influenza virions, responsible for causing illness in Indiana and Pennsylvania in 2011. (health.mil)
  • The second is that while the outpatient volume of visits related to influenza-like illness (ILI) has really skyrocketed in emergency departments as well as outpatient clinics, most persons with influenza will have relatively mild disease that can be managed at home. (medscape.com)
  • The flu is a contagious respiratory illness that several influenza virus strains can cause. (physiciansimmediatecare.com)
  • Influenza is not the only illness that has taken off rapidly this season. (physiciansimmediatecare.com)
  • Flu vaccine is the best way to prevent influenza illness and its accompanying complications. (flushotprices.com)
  • Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people. (greenvillenr.com)
  • This graphic shows the two types of influenza viruses (A and B) that cause most human illness and that are responsible for flu seasons each year. (greenvillenr.com)
  • In addition, flu vaccines will NOT protect against infection and illness caused by other viruses that also can cause influenza-like symptoms. (greenvillenr.com)
  • There are many other viruses besides influenza that can result in influenza-like illness (ILI) that spread during flu season. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Throat and nasal swab specimens were collected from outpatients (with influenza-like illness) and inpatients (with severe acute respiratory illness) and tested for influenza viruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
  • The U.S. Flu Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) network is designed to provide estimates of clinical effectiveness of licensed flu vaccines by age group and by influenza (flu) virus type and subtype. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza vaccines, which have been available for more than 60 years, are safe and effective. (who.int)
  • The instability of influenza viruses results in constant, permanent and usually small changes in their antigenic composition, a phenomenon known as antigenic drift, necessitating corresponding annual changes in the composition of influenza vaccines. (who.int)
  • The data and findings in this report reinforce the importance of the use of up-to-date multivalent influenza vaccines that protect against several different specific virus strains that may become common in the coming influenza season. (health.mil)
  • In addition, the lineage of 169 influenza B viruses has been determined: 155 (92%) belonged to the B/Yamagata lineage (the lineage of the B virus recommended by WHO for inclusion in trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines) and 14 (8%) to the B/Victoria lineage. (flutrackers.com)
  • The ongoing reassortment of swine influenza viruses with three subtypes of influenza virus presently circulating in the U.S. swine herd has important implications for the efficacy of current SIV vaccines. (usda.gov)
  • Monovalent vaccines based on various H3N2 cluster viruses were not able to induce protective immunity against all H3N2 SIVs used for challenge. (usda.gov)
  • The establishment of the reverse genetics system for swine influenza viruses might allow us to develop novel live attenuated virus vaccines. (usda.gov)
  • Furthermore, these vaccines are limited to one or just a few strains and don't produce highly potent neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive immunity against divergent influenza viruses. (justia.com)
  • We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • The GISRS network, established in 1952, monitors changes in influenza viruses with the aim of reducing the impact of influenza through the use of vaccines and antiviral medications. (health.gov.au)
  • It must also carry out a study to show that the vaccine produced by the revised process is as effective at stimulating the production of antibodies against influenza as was seen at the time of initial authorisation and has at least as good a safety profile as other authorised influenza vaccines. (europa.eu)
  • and (3) virus for influenza B. This season, there is more flu vaccine for protection to fight against four more flu viruses called "quadrivalent" vaccines. (flushotprices.com)
  • But a totally new pandemic of avian virus those are becoming resistant to drugs by changing their genomes may be prevented by antiviral medicines and vaccines. (hbsraevents.org)
  • Seasonal flu vaccines do not protect against influenza C or D viruses or against zoonotic (animal-origin) flu viruses that can cause human infections, such as variant or avian (bird) flu viruses. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Trivalent vaccines include H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B strains whereas an extra influenza B stain is included in quadrivalent vaccines. (digigiggles.com)
  • The U.S. 2023-2024 flu vaccines have a similar vaccine virus composition as the 2023 Southern Hemisphere flu vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • If the same viruses continue to circulate during the upcoming flu season in the United States, these preliminary data suggest U.S. 2023-2024 flu vaccines could provide similar benefit against serious flu disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Flu vaccines provided significant protection against the flu viruses that were circulating in South America during the 2023 Southern Hemisphere flu season. (cdc.gov)
  • If these same viruses continue to circulate in the Northern Hemisphere, U.S. 2023-2024 flu vaccines have the potential to provide similar protection during the upcoming U.S. flu season since the composition of U.S. 2023-2024 influenza vaccines is similar to the 2023 Southern Hemisphere vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • This report updates the 2004 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • 99%) of the influenza viruses tested this season are susceptible to the four FDA-approved influenza antiviral medications recommended for use in the US this season. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, antiviral treatment should not be withheld from patients with suspected influenza, even if they test negative. (cdc.gov)
  • To examine the antiviral activity of luteolin against the influenza virus, the researchers infected several cell lines with two subtypes of the influenza A virus (IAV), A/Jiangxi/312/2006 (H3N2) and A/Fort Monmouth/1/1947 (H1N1). (naturalnews.com)
  • Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that the naturally occurring flavonoid, luteolin, is a potent antiviral against the influenza virus . (naturalnews.com)
  • Although currently available antiviral drugs can reduce the symptoms of influenza and limit virus transmission, the possibility of selecting resistant strains still exists, meaning influenza treatment continues to be a challenge. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Viruses were characterised by their antigenic, genetic and antiviral drug resistance properties. (health.gov.au)
  • IAV was isolated from air and oral fluids yielding a mixture of subtypes (H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2). (cdc.gov)
  • A panel of real-time polymerase chain reactions was performed to detect influenza A and B. Extracted RNA from a subset of positive samples was used to determine influenza A subtypes and influenza B lineages. (atlantis-press.com)
  • Nevertheless, the antigenic drift through several mechanisms that include insertions, deletions, and substitutions are frequent among influenza A and different lineages of influenza B viruses [ 7 - 10 ]. (atlantis-press.com)
  • Maximum clade credibility trees revealed a rapid diversification of NA genes in different genetic lineages, all of them containing Oseltamivir-resistant viruses of very recent emergence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Influenza B viruses are not labeled into subtypes but can be broken down into lineages. (infotrace.net)
  • Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes, while influenza B viruses are further classified into two lineages: B/Yamagata and B/Victoria. (greenvillenr.com)
  • and 5) the assessment of vaccine supply, timing of influenza vaccination, and prioritization of inactivated vaccine in shortage situations. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza and its severe complications. (cdc.gov)
  • Please note that questions are limited to clinicians who would like information on CDC's current influenza recommendations for vaccination and anti-viral medications. (cdc.gov)
  • A sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy was observed after vaccination with AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix influenza vaccine in Finland at the beginning of 2010. (plos.org)
  • Here, we analysed whether the coinciding influenza A H1N1pdm pandemic contributed, together with the Pandemrix vaccination, to the increased incidence of childhood narcolepsy in 2010. (plos.org)
  • Based on our findings, it is unlikely that H1N1pdm09 virus infection contributed to a sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy observed in Finland in 2010 after AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix vaccination. (plos.org)
  • The most important strategy for preventing influenza-associated morbidity and mortality is vaccination of persons in high-risk groups with vaccine closely matched to circulating strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination is the primary intervention used to curb influenza virus infection, and the WHO recommends immunization for at-risk individuals to mitigate disease. (mdpi.com)
  • The Kentucky Department of Public Health is sharing the following information regarding this year's increase in influenza and asking for help from providers to continue encouraging flu vaccination among patients. (kyma.org)
  • While vaccination against meningococcal disease is the most important prevention strategy, influenza vaccination could provide further protection, particularly in young children where the meningococcal disease vaccine is not recommended or protective against the most common serogroup. (nih.gov)
  • Seasonal influenza vaccination is considered the main strategy to protect against influenza viruses, combat influenza infection, and reduce disease severity. (health.mil)
  • there have been no controlled clinical studies demonstrating a decrease in influenza disease after vaccination with AFLURIA. (drugs.com)
  • Hypersensitivity to eggs, neomycin, or polymyxin, or life-threatening reaction to previous influenza vaccination. (drugs.com)
  • If Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination, the decision to give AFLURIA should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks. (drugs.com)
  • Due to a variation in factors like weather, vaccination rates, and mutation of the virus, the flu season is different every year. (physiciansimmediatecare.com)
  • We recommend getting a vaccination for yourself and your children as soon as possible to protect against this year's strains of influenza. (physiciansimmediatecare.com)
  • Influenza B/Victoria viruses are most common among children aged 4 years and younger (48% of reported viruses) and those aged 5 to 24 years (59% of reported viruses). (medscape.com)
  • Of 27 deaths that have been reported this season, 18 were linked to influenza B viruses (five of these had the lineage determined and all five were B/Victoria viruses). (medscape.com)
  • Antigenic analysis demonstrated that viruses in the emerging subclade 3C.3 and subgroup 3C-2012/13 were not well inhibited by antisera generated against the 3C.1 vaccine strains used for the 2012/13 (A/Victoria/361/2011) or 2013/14 (A/Texas/50/2012) seasons. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • During 2014, results were reported by reference to the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1pdm09)-like, A/Victoria/361/2012 (H3N2)-like, B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like (Yamagata lineage), and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (Victoria lineage) viruses that were recommended for the 2014 influenza vaccine. (health.gov.au)
  • Influenza kind B viruses belong to possibly B/Yamagata or B/Victoria lineage. (infotrace.net)
  • In collaboration with state and local health departments, CDC conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it has been difficult to obtain MAbs which neutralize divergent strains of influenza viruses with sufficient cross-protective immunity. (justia.com)
  • The most recent strains of influenza were noticed during the 2009 swine flu endemic in Mexico and some farm pigs in Alberta, Canada. (healthstatus.com)
  • Influenza virus subtypes co-circulate with no reports of co-infection. (atlantis-press.com)
  • Based on the results of outpatient and hospital surveillance, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses continued to co-circulate in the Region, with very few influenza B detections having been reported during this season. (flutrackers.com)
  • The influenza season happens every year during autumn, winter, and early spring months, and the influenza viruses that circulate each season tend to be the usual suspects: influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B viruses. (thehorse.com)
  • Current subtypes of influenza A viruses that routinely circulate in people include A(H1N1) and A(H3N2). (greenvillenr.com)
  • Human infections with viruses of animal origin are expected at the human-animal interface wherever these viruses circulate in animals. (who.int)
  • ABSTRACT We monitored phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in Morocco during 2014-2015 to oseltamivir and zanamivir. (who.int)
  • A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata viruses are circulating at very low levels," the CDC reports. (medscape.com)
  • Results for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata viruses suggested that circulating viruses of this subtype and lineage, respectively, had undergone antigenic and/or genetic changes, consistent with the decision by WHO to change recommended strains for the 2015 Southern Hemisphere vaccine. (health.gov.au)
  • Sur 440 échantillons, 135 (31 %) étaient positifs au virus de la grippe B de type Yamagata, 38 (8 %) à celui de la grippe A(H1N1)pdm09 et 25 (6 %) à celui de la grippe A(H3N2). (who.int)
  • Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Studies show the overall adjusted VE and related references for each season starting in 2004-2005. (cdc.gov)
  • Her research includes studies on influenza vaccine effectiveness and preventing hospitalization, the use of influenza anti-viral medications in outpatient settings, and the impact of seasonal influenza on children with neurologic disorders. (cdc.gov)
  • Her current primary research focuses on influenza anti-viral treatment as well as influenza vaccine effectiveness. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular surveillance of the influenza viruses should be enhanced continuously for a better understanding of the influenza activity and assessment of vaccine effectiveness. (atlantis-press.com)
  • End-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using a test-negative case-control study design. (health.mil)
  • To improve vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza viruses, the strains used in the influenza vaccine need to be updated regularly based on the surveillance findings. (health.mil)
  • As a test of the physiologic role of the NLR molecule NLRP3 during RNA viral infection, we explored the in vivo role of NLRP3 inflammasome components during influenza virus infection. (nih.gov)
  • Together, these data place the NLRP3 inflammasome as an essential component in host defense against influenza infection through the sensing of viral RNA. (nih.gov)
  • At the conclusion of today's session the participant will be able to describe the current status of influenza activity in the United States, discuss the circulating influenza strains seen this season and the implications for clinicians, discuss the use of influenza diagnostic tests and the role in clinical care and discuss anti-viral treatment implications for patients evaluation treatment and testing. (cdc.gov)
  • Very little is known, however, about the public health significance of influenza in the tropical developing world, where viral transmission continues year-round and the disease is thought to have high attack and case-fatality rates. (who.int)
  • Based on historical patterns, influenza pandemics can be expected to occur, on average, three to four times each century when new viral strains emerge by antigenic shift and are readily transmitted from person to person. (who.int)
  • Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are immunoassays that can identify the presence of influenza A and B viral nucleoprotein antigens in respiratory specimens, and display the result in a qualitative way (positive vs. negative) (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid molecular assays are a new type of influenza diagnostic test that use isothermal nucleic acid amplification for viral detection. (cdc.gov)
  • Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
  • Quantifying the fraction of meningococcal disease attributable to influenza could improve understanding of viral-bacterial interaction and indicate additional health benefits to influenza immunization. (nih.gov)
  • Characterization of viral load, viability and persistence of influenza A virus in air and on surfaces of swine production facilities. (cdc.gov)
  • Between the years 1997 and 2002, 3 latest viral-strains of the influenza subtypes and five diverse genotypes were discovered as the primary reason for flu among pigs in North America. (healthstatus.com)
  • The antigenic properties of influenza viral isolates were analysed using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay as previously described. (health.gov.au)
  • But HA is not the unique factor that decides the viral virulence and infectivity of the virus. (hbsraevents.org)
  • Severe influenza can cause primary viral pneumonia. (hartmann-academie.nl)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks of the Lerma marshes revealed that hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences were related to waterfowl, swine, and poultry IAV strains previously isolated in the United States and Mexico. (authorea.com)
  • Swine influenza (SI) is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by type A influenza viruses. (usda.gov)
  • Seasonal influenza (the flu) is an acute respiratory an infection caused by influenza viruses. (infotrace.net)
  • Indicators of influenza involve acute onset of fever, cough, sore throat, body aches and exhaustion. (infotrace.net)
  • Influenza is a contagious, acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. (who.int)
  • OBJECTIVE: To characterize residential social vulnerability among healthcare personnel (HCP) and evaluate its association with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza is one of the most significant causes of acute upper respiratory tract infections worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • When shifts happen, most people have little or no immunity against the new virus. (cdc.gov)
  • It is always a great concern when a new flu virus emerges, because the general population does not have immunity and almost everyone is susceptible to infection and disease. (bcm.edu)
  • It takes some time for immunity to rebuild to protect against these viruses. (physiciansimmediatecare.com)
  • A pandemic can occur when a new and different influenza A virus emerges that infects people, has the ability to spread efficiently among people, and against which people have little or no immunity. (greenvillenr.com)
  • c WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia. (who.int)
  • however, human infections can happen when enough virus gets into a person's eyes, nose, or mouth, or is inhaled. (cdc.gov)
  • This study included a total of 1928 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. (atlantis-press.com)
  • A quadrivalent influenza vaccine is recommended to reduce the health impact associated with influenza B infections. (atlantis-press.com)
  • Then, in 2016, a team including Worobey and authors of the current study presented a paper in the journal Science showing that past exposure to the flu virus determines an individual's response to subsequent infections, a phenomenon called immunological imprinting. (scitechdaily.com)
  • A sudden emergence of Influenza A Virus (IAV) infections with a new pandemic H1N1 IAV is taking place since April of 2009. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A sudden emergence of IAV infections with new H1N1 strains of pandemic potential is taking place since April of 2009, starting in Mexico and spreading to several other countries around the world [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ninety-9 % of deaths in kids underneath 5 yrs of age with influenza-associated decreased respiratory tract bacterial infections are in building nations. (infotrace.net)
  • Influenza C virus is detected considerably less usually and typically results in moderate infections, hence does not present public overall health relevance. (infotrace.net)
  • Influenza viruses trigger influenza and respiratory infections respectively. (hartmann-academie.nl)
  • Infections can be triggered by seasonal and zoonotic influenza viruses. (hartmann-academie.nl)
  • Zoonotic infections, for example avian or swine flu, are caused by influenza A viruses. (hartmann-academie.nl)
  • There were too few influenza A(H3N2) virus infections among people enrolled in the study to produce a VE estimate against that subtype. (cdc.gov)
  • All human infections caused by a new influenza subtype are required to be reported under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).4 This includes any influenza A virus that has demonstrated the capacity to infect a human and its haemagglutinin gene (or protein) is not a mutated form of those, i.e. (who.int)
  • Since the start of the year we have received laboratory confirmation for approximately three (3) cases of Influenza A (H1N1). (thestkittsnevisobserver.com)
  • Ambulatory data for influenza-like illnesses (ILIs), influenza hospitalization data, and lab data for influenza-confirmed cases were used for the surveillance. (health.mil)
  • Hospitalization rates have also increased this season, and many have compared the overall seasonal hospitalization rate to that of the most recent severe influenza season, 2014-2015. (medscape.com)
  • Hospitalization and loss of life because of to influenza take place largely amid superior-chance teams. (infotrace.net)
  • Two classes of specific anti-influenza fever or temperature 38 °C and cough, Biosystems) with a single reverse tran- drugs have been developed to date: with onset of symptoms in the past 10 scription step at 50 °C for 30 minutes, the M2 ion channel blockers (adaman- days and requiring hospitalization ( 10 ). (who.int)
  • We estimated age-specific influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates in three sentinel sites in Svay Rieng, Siem Reap and Kampong Cham provinces. (who.int)
  • A national influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rate was calculated using the pooled influenza-associated SARI hospitalizations for all sites as a numerator and the pooled catchment population of all sites as denominator. (who.int)
  • National influenza-associated SARI case counts were estimated by applying hospitalization rates to the national population. (who.int)
  • We present national estimates of influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates for Cambodia based on sentinel surveillance data from three sites. (who.int)
  • Since October 1, 2010, CDC has antigenically characterized 2,494 influenza viruses submitted by U.S. laboratories. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of influenza viruses tested are in the same genetic subclade as and antigenically similar to the influenza viruses included in this season's influenza vaccine. (kyma.org)
  • Getting a flu vaccine can protect against these viruses as well as additional flu viruses that are antigenically similar to the viruses used to make the vaccine. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Thus, in the 20th century, the great influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, which caused an estimated 40 to 50 million deaths worldwide, was followed by pandemics in 1957-1958 and 1968-1969. (who.int)
  • H1N1 and H3N2 are the major subtypes that cause human seasonal flu and global pandemics of influenza. (justia.com)
  • Antigenic shift occurs when the virus acquires an HA of a different IAV subtype via reassortment of one or more gene segments and is thought to be the basis for the more devastating influenza pandemics that occurred several times in the last century [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Only influenza variety A viruses are identified to have brought about pandemics. (infotrace.net)
  • Evolutionary timelines derived from signatures of early human influenza isolates suggest that characteristic variants emerged rapidly, and remained remarkably stable through subsequent pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Five pediatric deaths associated with influenza occurred during weeks 50 and 51 and were reported to CDC during week 52, bringing the total to 27. (medscape.com)
  • Three deaths were linked to influenza A viruses and two resulted from influenza B viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Influenza Continues Unabated in US, Deaths in the Thousands - Medscape - Jan 06, 2020. (medscape.com)
  • Most deaths associated with influenza in industrialized countries are due to complications of underlying diseases in people with well defined risks, including age over 65 years, chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic or renal disease, and immunosuppression. (who.int)
  • For example, during an influenza outbreak in Madagascar in 2002, more than 27 000 cases were reported within three months and 800 deaths occurred despite rapid intervention. (who.int)
  • Influenza deaths in other age groups are not reportable in Texas. (texas.gov)
  • H3N2 causes the majority of severe, clinically attended cases in high-risk elderly cohorts and the majority of overall deaths. (scitechdaily.com)
  • H1N1 causes fewer deaths overall and skews more toward young and middle-aged adults. (scitechdaily.com)
  • During the 11 influenza seasons from 1977 through 1988, more than 10,000 excess deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) were reported during each of seven seasons, and approximately 45,000 deaths were reported during each of two seasons (CDC, unpublished data, 1992). (cdc.gov)
  • Two more influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported this week, for a total of seven pediatric flu deaths reported so far this season. (kyma.org)
  • Continued weekly surveillance of influenza among DOD populations is crucial to track increases in activity each season and the potential emergence of new and/or severe influenza subtypes. (health.mil)
  • The results of this study indicate that the highest burden of severe influenza infection is borne by the younger age groups. (who.int)
  • 2 years, and persons of any age who have medical conditions that place them at increased risk for complications from influenza ( 2,5--7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • however, some individuals develop serious complications or die from influenza. (texas.gov)
  • Individuals at higher risk of complications who have close contact with someone with influenza should contact their medical provider as soon as possible after exposure. (texas.gov)
  • Influenza A (H1N1) virus has been associated with severe diseases and complications in neighbouring Caribbean territories. (thestkittsnevisobserver.com)
  • Influenza can cause severe complications - especially in children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems - making it a serious public health concern. (physiciansimmediatecare.com)
  • Influenza complications can affect the heart, lower respiratory tract, and central nervous system, sometimes resulting in death. (physiciansimmediatecare.com)
  • According to a prospective cohort study, as many as 1 in 3 children seeking treatment in the ED for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) at the peak of flu season are at high risk of suffering severe complications. (medscape.com)
  • This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States during the 2010--11 influenza season (October 3, 2010--May 21, 2011) and describes the components of the 2011--12 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Administration of CSL's 2010 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine has been associated with increased postmarketing reports of fever and febrile seizures in children predominantly below the age of 5 years as compared to previous years. (drugs.com)
  • A total of 38 viruses were successfully isolated in eggs, of which 1 (B/Phuket/3073/2013) was included in the 2015 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. (health.gov.au)
  • Based on data and advice from the 5 collaborating centres and other experts, the WHO makes biannual recommendations on suitable influenza strains to be included in the next seasonal vaccine (in February for the Northern Hemisphere and in September for the Southern Hemisphere). (health.gov.au)
  • 2 Each influenza season is different because of antigenic drift in the circulating influenza subtypes, the degree of match between vaccine subtypes and circulating subtypes, and vaccine coverage of the population. (health.mil)
  • This 'antigenic drift' leads to the emergence of new antigenic variants or virus strains. (health.govt.nz)
  • Because of this ongoing antigenic drift, seasonal influenza virus vaccine formulations are reviewed by the WHO bi-annually. (health.govt.nz)
  • Most healthy adults who are ill with influenza may be able to infect other people beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. (texas.gov)
  • The virus can also be spread by people who are infected but have no symptoms. (texas.gov)
  • Some persons who are infected with the influenza virus do not have symptoms. (texas.gov)
  • Healthy individuals exposed to someone with influenza should monitor themselves for a few days to see if they develop symptoms. (texas.gov)
  • He said that the biology and epidemiology of the virus itself makes infection extremely difficult to detect in its early stages, because the majority of cases show no symptoms for five days or longer after exposure. (ucla.edu)
  • However, due to th e limited sensitivities and predictive values of RIDTs, negative results of RIDTs do not exclude influenza virus infection in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • e influenza activity has been documented in the community or geographic area, a clinical diagnosis of influenza can be made for outpatients with signs and symptoms consistent with suspected influenza, especially during periods of peak influenza activity in the community. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical signs and symptoms consistent with influenza o Having clinical signs and symptoms consistent with influenza increases the pre-test probability of influenza virus infection, which increases the reliability of a positive RIDT result. (cdc.gov)
  • The success of treatment with M2Is is dependent on the early administration (within 48 hours) from the onset of influenza symptoms, according to the study. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • These involved allergic reactions including cases of anaphylactic (severe allergic) reactions, influenza-like symptoms and eye reactions. (europa.eu)
  • Influenza can worsen signs or symptoms of other continual diseases. (infotrace.net)
  • The symptoms depend on the virus genus (A and B severe courses, C less severe courses). (hartmann-academie.nl)
  • See Clinical Presentation for more detailed information on the signs and symptoms of pediatric influenza. (medscape.com)
  • The segmented genome allows influenza A viruses from different species to mix genes (reassortment) and create a new virus if influenza A viruses from two different species infect the same person or animal at the same time. (cdc.gov)
  • One possible way that virus reassortment could occur is if a pig were infected with a human influenza A virus and an avian influenza A virus at the same time, the new replicating viruses could reassort and produce a new influenza A virus that had some genes from the human virus and some genes from the avian virus. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also possible that the process of genetic reassortment could occur in a person who is co-infected with an avian influenza A virus and a human influenza A virus. (cdc.gov)
  • See PHIL 13469, for the diagrammatic representation of how this Swine Flu stain came to be, through the "reassortment" of two different Influenza viruses. (health.mil)
  • While more than 130 influenza A subtype combinations have been identified in nature, primarily from wild birds, there are potentially many more influenza A subtype combinations given the propensity for virus "reassortment. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Reassortment is a process by which influenza viruses swap gene segments. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Reassortment can occur when two influenza viruses infect a host at the same time and swap genetic information. (greenvillenr.com)
  • Targeted surveillance for influenza A(H7N9) identified 21 cases of infection with this virus in Guangzhou, China, during April 1, 2013?March 7, 2014. (flutrackers.com)
  • This report summarizes surveillance for influenza in the United States and worldwide during the 1991-92 season and describes the composition of the 1992-93 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-structural (NS) 1 proteins from recombinant influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) and influenza A/Finland/554/09 (H1N1pdm09) viruses were purified and used in Western blot analysis to determine specific antibody responses in human sera. (plos.org)
  • Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)
  • Influenza A viruses are more labeled into subtypes according to the mixtures of the proteins on the floor of the virus. (infotrace.net)
  • Dr. Havers is a Medical Officer for the Influenza Prevention and Control Team within CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • While at CDC Dr. Havers research interests have focused on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • As the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to issue updated influenza activity data in its weekly field views, it's important for us as physicians to frame this information for our patients and families. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza vaccine remains our best means for prevention, and it's still not too late to get the influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, many countries lack influenza prevention and control policies. (who.int)
  • In the spring of 2009, a different influenza virus - one that had never been seen before - suddenly appeared. (bcm.edu)
  • 05). These results suggest that microclimate conditions can influence transmission patterns of influenza viruses in swine barns, and that even a herd with relatively simple demographics could have persistent and cocirculation of two different influenza A viruses IAV strains. (ncsu.edu)
  • The most important strains of human influenza virus are A and B. Influenzavirus A has several subtypes, of which two, H1N1 and H3N2, are currently of epidemiological significance. (who.int)
  • During the flu-epidemic in 1918, this ailment was projected as a virus co-related to human influenza. (healthstatus.com)
  • The human "influenza season" in North America is now about to begin again, while in South America spring is approaching and their influenza season is almost over. (thehorse.com)
  • All five cases were infected with swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Viruses are the most common cause of pediatric pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • In extreme circumstances influenza can guide to pneumonia and sepsis. (infotrace.net)
  • ustekinumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
  • adalimumab decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
  • altretamine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
  • The new virus subtype has novel H and N surface antigens result from the mixing of genomic segments of two or more influenza A viruses. (health.govt.nz)
  • 1. What is the likelihood that additional human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5) viruses will occur? (who.int)
  • Detailed studies on the mode of evolution of these new H1N1 IAV strains are extremely important for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the emergence, spread and resistance of new H1N1 IAV strains of pandemic potential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We directly sequenced the genomes of 154 H3N2 clinical specimens collected throughout the epidemic to better understand the evolution of H3N2 strains and to inform the H3N2 vaccine selection process. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • All virus isolates received at the Centre were re-passaged in cell culture (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney [MDCK] cells) and virus isolation was also attempted on a selection of original clinical specimens received. (health.gov.au)
  • four of these were subtyped and all four were A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Of the viruses successfully analysed 52% were A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (health.gov.au)
  • Directly from infected birds or from avian influenza A virus-contaminated environments. (cdc.gov)
  • People with close or prolonged unprotected contact (not wearing respiratory and eye protection) with infected birds or places that sick birds or their mucous, saliva, or feces have contaminated, might be at greater risk of bird flu virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The avian virus is an Influenza-A virus that spread widely among human through direct or indirect contact with infected birds or poultry. (hbsraevents.org)
  • A(H5) subtypes continue to be detected in birds in Africa, Europe and Asia. (who.int)
  • The detection of influenza A(H5) virus in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples collected from individuals in close contact with infected poultry or other birds, whether the individuals are symptomatic or not, is not unexpected. (who.int)
  • What is influenza-associated pediatric mortality? (texas.gov)
  • Influenza-associated pediatric mortality is reportable by law to the health department. (texas.gov)
  • See Clinical Presentation and Workup for more detailed information on the diagnosis of pediatric influenza. (medscape.com)
  • See Treatment and Medication for more detailed information on the management of pediatric influenza. (medscape.com)
  • These are the same as trivalent vaccine but has an additional B virus. (flushotprices.com)
  • A time series analysis of the association of influenza and meningococcal disease using hospitalizations in 9 states from 1989-2009 included in the State Inpatient Databases from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the proportion of positive influenza tests by subtype reported to the Centers for Disease Control. (nih.gov)
  • The relative proportion of each type and subtype of influenza virus varied by region and week. (cdc.gov)
  • The proportion of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses increased nationally, beginning in January, and peaked during the week ending February 20, 2011, when 49% of all subtyped influenza A viruses were 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza B accounted for a small proportion of influenza detections, which remained steady over the past weeks. (flutrackers.com)
  • In these countries, the proportion of influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated increased during the latter part of the season as influenza A(H3N2) activity declined. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of influenza viruses detected this season have been influenza A(H3N2) viruses, but the proportion of subtyped influenza A viruses that are A(H1N1) is increasing slightly. (kyma.org)
  • The method presented was applied to an analysis of influenza A PB2 protein sequences, with the objective of identifying the components of adaptation to human-to-human transmission, and reconstructing the mutation history of these components. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A quantitative relationship between the in vitro susceptibility of influenza A virus to amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established in man. (nih.gov)
  • The child, whose infection with influenza A (H3N2) virus was confirmed several weeks later by serologic testing, did not have direct swine exposure, and most likely acquired infection from close contact with her father. (cdc.gov)
  • Amantadine inhibits the replication of influenza A virus isolates from each of the subtypes, i.e. (nih.gov)
  • It has very little or no activity against influenza B virus isolates. (nih.gov)
  • Sensitivity test results, expressed as the concentration of amantadine required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus (ED 50 ) in tissue culture vary greatly (from 0.1 mcg/mL to 25 mcg/mL) depending upon the assay protocol used, size of virus inoculum, isolates of influenza A virus strains tested, and the cell type used. (nih.gov)
  • Of the 5861 influenza virus isolates reported to CDC, more than 99% were influenza A. Of the influenza A virus isolates subtyped, 81% were influenza A(H3N2), and 19% were influenza A(H1N1). (cdc.gov)
  • RIDTs that provide results on type of influenza virus (e.g. influenza A or B virus), do not provide information on influenza A virus subtype (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Testing respiratory specimens from several persons with suspected influenza will increase the likelihood of detecting influenza virus infection if influenza virus is the cause of the outbreak. (cdc.gov)