Gonads somatic cells cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

reported that GATA4 MK-1775 manufacturer localizes towards the coelomic epithelium of gonads also to the Sertoli and follicle cells before and after sex differentiation, [26] respectively. (ap26113.com)
The WT1 protein mediates the mesenchymal-epithelial transition and differentiation during morphogenesis of the kidney and gonad by repressing genes that encode cell proliferation factors and by activating genes that encode markers of epithelial cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
Second, networks of genes and hormones regulate the advancement of sex determination and gonad differentiation, known as the gonadal sex phase. (lidsen.com)
An error during these developmental steps in females may lead to defective gonads, affecting the differentiation and/or function of the gonads and the development, differentiation, and maturity of the germ cells. (lidsen.com)
This protocol consists of a culture method that can be mainly divided into four periods: primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) derivation, primary oocyte differentiation (in vitro differentiation: IVDi), oocyte growth to germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (in vitro growth: IVG) and oocyte maturation (in vitro maturation: IVM). (researchsquare.com)
Oogenesis incorporates a unique sequence of differentiation processes, during which biologically significant events such as meiosis and oocyte growth are orchestrated with communication to surrounding somatic cells. (researchsquare.com)
Female embryonic stem cells (we use Blimp1-mVenus and stella-ECFP (BVSC) -reporter lines, but these reporters are not essential for differentiation). (researchsquare.com)
European eel males treated with cold seawater (10 °C, T10) for 2 weeks showed an increase in the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells until the differentiated spermatogonial type A cell stage, and elevated testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone plasma levels. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, our cold seawater treatment induces the synchronization and increased proliferation and differentiation of specific spermatogonial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
SOX9 has a role in sex determination and differentiation of Sertoli cells. (thermofisher.com)
We propose these results as a confirmation that apoptotic cells can control surrounding cells fate and as a reference database to explore novel apoptotic functions in animals, including those related to migration and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Accumulating evidence in many metazoans suggest that apoptotic cells can emit caspase-dependent signals to their neighbours, modulating their fate (survival/death, differentiation or proliferation) or behaviour (migration) [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These total outcomes claim that GATA4-positive cells MK-1775 manufacturer support GDC development in two-dimensional tradition which, during tradition with GDCs, the GATA4-expressing FFCs most likely are likely involved similar compared to that of somatic cells in the testessupporting germ cell development and proliferation. (ap26113.com)
In the last four decades, transgenic and knockout mouse models have helped to understand the mechanisms of mammalian sex determination, germ cell development, and adult gonad functions. (lidsen.com)
Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
Moreover, we find that the distal NDRs are enriched specifically for binding motifs of the pluripotency and germ cell master regulators such as NANOG, SOX17, AP2γ and OCT4 in human FGCs, indicating the existence of a delicate regulatory balance between pluripotency-related genes and germ cell-specific genes in human FGCs, and the functional significance of these genes for germ cell development in vivo . (nature.com)

Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
It is very clear from these reviews that GATA4 takes on an important part in gonadal somatic cells that get excited about spermatogenesis and oogenesis. (ap26113.com)

Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. (medscape.com)
A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
Yet, cancer cells are insusceptible to this process leading to the proliferation of tumors. (iastate.edu)
Moreover, in agreement with the high expression of these genes in the testis and ovary, we found significant impairment of the reproductive process and pathological alterations, including tumors, mainly limited to the gonads. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, cells within tumors often exhibit a hierarchy of malignant potential, giving rise to the notion that small populations of cancer stem cells may be responsible for propagating certain cancers [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, elevation of serum AMH above normal male prepubertal levels may be indicative of rare cases of sex-cord stromal tumors or Sertoli cell-limited disturbance in the McCune Albright syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
The biosynthesis and storage of catecholamines in chromaffin cell tumors may differ from the biosynthesis and storage in the normal medulla. (medscape.com)
Stromal tumors of the ovary include germ-cell tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, and other more rare types. (medscape.com)

In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
In mammals, whether an individual develops as a male or female depends on its sex chromosome constitution: those with a Y chromosome become males because of the development of the embryonic gonad into a testis. (plos.org)
Our data indicate, for the first time, a requirement for MAPK signaling in the developing XY gonad in order to facilitate normal expression of SRY and the downstream testis-determining genes and also suggest that reduced dosage of MAP3K4 may be the cause of a previously described autosomal sex-reversing mutation in the mouse. (plos.org)
With this study, we found GATA4-positive cells in testis and TTCs cells. (ap26113.com)
Measurement of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has become increasingly widespread since it provides information about the activity of the male gonad without the need for dynamic tests, and also reflects the action of FSH and androgens within the testis. (biomedcentral.com)
In the interstitial tissue, Leydig cells synthesize androgens and the insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) [ 3 ], whereas in the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells regulate the nutrients and factors that reach the germ cells by means of the blood-testis barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Depending on the molecules and testis age, highly deleterious effects of phytocannabinoid exposure were observed on testis tissue after 14 days, including Sertoli and germ cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study is the first to evidence the presence of the ECS in the human fetal testis and to highlight the potential adverse effect of cannabis consumption by pregnant women onto the development of the male gonad. (biomedcentral.com)

also recognized in the cells of neonatal testes and total testicular cells, and that the manifestation of GATA4 was decreased in used older feeder cells. (ap26113.com)
It takes on an intrinsic role in the introduction of MK-1775 manufacturer testicular steroidogenic cells [22]. (ap26113.com)
After 10 weeks, exercised and non-exercised males were sampled to determine plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels, testicular mRNA expression levels of genes involved in steroidogenesis and gametogenesis by qPCR, as well as the relative abundance of germ cells representing the different spermatogenic stages by histological examination. (biomedcentral.com)
Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we studied the development of ProSG, their SG descendants and testicular somatic cells during the perinatal period in mice. (biologists.com)
Ex vivo exposure of first trimester testes to CBD, THC, or CBD/THC [ratio 1:1] at 10 −7 to 10 −5 M altered testosterone secretion by Leydig cells, AMH secretion by Sertoli cells, and impacted testicular cell proliferation and viability as early as 72 h post-exposure. (biomedcentral.com)

The PGCs that go off route or don't reach the gonad undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). (wikipedia.org)
Conclusion: The effect of apoptosis, which occurs with the signaling that starts in the cell nucleus, caused the cessation of the stimulating effect at the nuclear level after EPH administration, and a decrease in the antioxidative effect in IR damage and inflammation in the apoptotic process. (bvsalud.org)
AMBRA1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, working as a scaffold molecule to coordinate, by protein-protein interaction, many cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Apoptosis is a caspase regulated cell death present in all metazoans defined by a conserved set of morphological features. (biomedcentral.com)
A well-described function of apoptosis is the removal of excessive cells during development and homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast to the apoptotic function of cell elimination, this new role of apoptosis is not well understood but seems caspase-dependent. (biomedcentral.com)
To deepen our understanding of apoptotic functions, it is necessary to work on a biological model with a predictable apoptosis pattern affecting cell fate and/or behaviour. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis is also implicated in homoeostasis by fine-tuning the balance between cell death and proliferation like in gonad size control in rodents [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While the function of cell elimination by apoptosis is highly documented, apoptosis seems to have a broader morphogenetic function that goes beyond cells elimination. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptotic-induced proliferation was reported in several organisms, such as in the cnidarian Hydra , where apoptosis promotes proliferation of adjacent cells through emission of Wnt3 signalling in a caspase-dependant manner during head regeneration [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Evaluating the capacity of caspases to affect gene expression and influence fate and/or behaviour of cells adjacent to apoptosis is the first fundamental step to better characterise this new function in animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell proliferation was decided using MTT assay, while apoptosis was analyzed with circulation cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
or gene silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in RPMI 8226 cells ( (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

PGCs interact with a wide range of cell types as they move from the epiblast to the gonads. (wikipedia.org)
The PGCs move passively (without the need for energy) with underlying somatic cells, cross epithelial barriers, and respond to cues from their environment during active migration. (wikipedia.org)
An epithelium must be crossed in many species during germ cell migration, and changes in adhesion are observed in PGCs during their exit from the endoderm and during the initiation of active migration. (wikipedia.org)
Active migration takes place as PGCs move towards the developing somatic gonad. (wikipedia.org)
Migration occurs early in gametogenesis, but PGCs could contain defects that could have a negative impact on later development - genetic mutations may be acquired because of proliferation in the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
PGCs that are able to migrate the fastest and reach the gonad are more likely to colonise it and give rise to future gametes. (wikipedia.org)
This is followed by more passive movement, due to the invagination of the posterior midgut primordium, which leads to the PGCs in the centre of the embryo, surrounded by epithelial cells that have been folded back on themselves. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike most model organisms where germ cell migration is predominantly via the gut epithelium, chicken PGCs migrate through the embryonic vascular epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
We demonstrated that the silencing of the ambra1b gene determines a reduction of primordial germ cells (PGCs), a condition that, in the zebrafish, leads to the development of all-male progeny. (biomedcentral.com)
(a) By the end of larval development, approximately 100 primordial germ cells (PGCs) (red) populate the gonad and associate with cap cell precursor (dark green) and escort cell precursor cells (orange). (biomedcentral.com)
The PGCLCs were almost identical to primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursor of eggs and sperm, in terms of gene expression, epigenetic status and functionality. (researchsquare.com)

Primordial germ cell (PGC) migration is the process of distribution of primordial germ cells throughout the embryo during embryogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
from dividing nuclei becoming encircled by cell membranes, occurring at the posterior pole of the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
During embryogenesis, Drosophila germ cells travel across the embryo to the gonads for proper development. (iastate.edu)

However, the use of non-classical biomarkers, like anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), has become increasingly widespread since it not only informs about the activity of the male gonad without the need for dynamic tests but also reflects the action of FSH and androgens within the gonad [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

GATA4 can be an integral regulator of Sertoli cell function in adult mice [21]. (ap26113.com)
The adult C. elegans hermaphrodite has 302 neurons that belong to two distinct and independent nervous systems: a large somatic nervous system (282 neurons) and a small pharyngeal nervous system (20 neurons). (wormatlas.org)
Although tardigrades are sometimes reported as eutelic animals, mitosis has been reported in several somatic tissues of adult eutardigrades. (researchgate.net)
In juveniles, none of the measured phenotypic characters had significant predictive power for mitosis, whereas in adult animals in moult or in late egg developmental or post-laying stage were more likely to have mitotic storage cells. (researchgate.net)
Twenty years following Schofield's seminal publication, Xie and Spradling provided compelling experimental evidence that a cellular niche supports the maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) in the Drosophila adult ovary [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While sperm production has classically been the focus of adult reproductive function, somatic cells are crucial for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and gamete production. (biomedcentral.com)

We extracted human-specific regulatory programmes that control the development of germline and somatic cell lineages by profiling equivalent developmental stages in mice. (bvsalud.org)
Surprisingly, the DTC appears to effect these decisions by regulating a series of different RNA-binding proteins, mutations of which alter the onset of mitosis and, consequently, germline proliferation. (silverchair.com)
Kimble proposes that it is via this interplay of different RNA-binding activities that proliferation and self-renewal of the germline are maintained appropriately. (silverchair.com)
Here, we focus on the Drosophila ovarian germline stem cell niche and review recent studies that have begun to reveal how intricate crosstalk between various signaling pathways regulates stem cell maintenance, how the extracellular matrix modulates the signaling output of the niche and how epigenetic programming influences cell development and function both inside and outside the niche to ensure proper tissue homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)

The anchor cell induces nearby epidermal precursor cells to generate vulval cells via an epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway. (wormbook.org)

However, the comprehensive chromatin state has not yet been analyzed for human fetal germ cells (FGCs). (nature.com)
AMH is secreted in high amounts by Sertoli cells from fetal life until the onset of puberty. (biomedcentral.com)
In the fifth week of fetal development, neuroblastic cells migrate from the thoracic neural crest to form the sympathetic chains and preaortic ganglia. (medscape.com)
SOX9 is involved in the formation of testes from the indifferent fetal gonads. (thermofisher.com)
Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (ATCC) supplemented with 10% of fetal bovine serum (Lonza, Switzerland). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

Here, we use border cells in the fly ovary to study nuclear dynamics in collective, confined in vivo migration. (bvsalud.org)

Analysis of embryonic XY gonads suggests that sex reversal is caused by delayed and reduced expression of the sex-determining gene SRY . (plos.org)
Through directional migration - which requires multiple genes to work, one being the Columbus (clb) gene, which codes for Drosophila HMG CoA reductase - the germ cells move towards the somatic gonadal precursor cells and associate with them. (wikipedia.org)
Mutants with the outsiders gene respond less to PCD resulting in the correct number of germ cells in the gonads, but an excess outlying the peripherals. (iastate.edu)
We identified both gene and protein markers for three temporally distinct ProSG cell subsets, including a migratory cell population with a transcriptome distinct from the previously defined T1- and T2-ProSG stages. (biologists.com)
We address these questions in vivo with unprecedented cell specificity and comprehensiveness, utilizing innovative methods to investigate how genome structure and organization influences gene expression specifically in the C. elegans germ line. (yale.edu)
A full-length gonad transcriptome database was exploited to identify Dmrt gene orthologs. (researchsquare.com)
Transcriptomes from the tissues of the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis of T10 samples revealed a differential gene expression profile compared to the other experimental groups, with clustering in a principal component analysis and in heat maps of all differentially expressed genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Demethylating the hypermethylated REC8 gene restored its expression in thyroid cancer cells in which the PI3K pathway was genetically over-activated and induced expression of REC8 protein inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of these cells. (oncotarget.com)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
Our study exhibited that and play pivotal functions in the molecular pathogenesis of MM. This is usually the first statement describing the possible functions of in myelomagenesis and its potential role as a SU 11654 therapeutic target in MM. gene promotes tumorigenesis through constant NAD resynthesis to provide adequate energy for rapidly proliferating malignancy cells [9]. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Besides CHS, mutation in gene is usually one of the important factors that trigger hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a insufficiency in resistant program function, and life-threatening disease characterized by uncontrolled macrophage and T-cell account activation [14]. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
No.: SR300809, USA) were used to silence the respective gene in RPMI 8226 cells. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
SOX9 gene) of autosome 17 has an effect on how the gonads will develop, for instance, a dysfunctional SOX9 gene has been found to be associated with sex reversals. (biologyonline.com)
Autosomal recessive disorders like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia require both copies of an autosomal gene to be mutated for the disorder to manifest. (biologyonline.com)

We have gained crucial insights into molecular factors and pathways of the cells generating either the supporting gonadal cells or germ cells of both sexes. (lidsen.com)
We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
When caspase activity was impaired, genes known to be involved in metamorphosis were downregulated along with other implicated in cell migration and survival molecular pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we investigated this dichotomy in vivo by examining two cell types in the developing Caenorhabditis elegans somatic gonad that derive from equipotent progenitors, but exhibit distinct cell behaviors: the post-mitotic, invasive anchor cell and the neighboring proliferative, non-invasive ventral uterine (VU) cells. (elifesciences.org)

Primordial germ cells are among the first lineages that are established in development and they are the precursors for gametes. (wikipedia.org)
In vertebrate development, the location where primordial germ cells are specified and the subsequent migratory paths that they take differs among species. (wikipedia.org)
Cells migrate collectively through confined environments during development and cancer metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
From the fourth week of development, proliferation cell of the ventral face of themesonephros raises the dorsal wall of the coelom which thickens at this level determiningthe formation of the genital ridges which project on either side of the dorsal meso. (keepnotes.com)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
We present data on the occurrence of mitosis in storage cells of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903), and analyse mitotic cells in relation to different body characteristics, including egg development stage, moulting, gut content, body length, number and size of oocytes, and shape and size of the storage cells. (researchgate.net)
However, the specific life cycle of tardigrades, where energy intake and depletion, egg development, and moulting is highly intertwined and synchronized, make conclusions about the functional role of mitosis in storage cells difficult, however, and more studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms inducing mitosis in these interesting cells. (researchgate.net)
Malignancy: The vast majority of patients with Denys-Drash syndrome are destined to develop Wilms tumor in the native kidneys and are at significant risk for development of gonadoblastoma in the dysgenetic gonads. (medscape.com)
A defined synthetic mixture of amino acids, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and serum was shown to support cells in vitro[ 3 ], thus unifying a major variable in cell culturing experiments and providing a possibility for rapid development of this novel method. (intechopen.com)
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a biological process that shapes human development. (iastate.edu)
In our lab, we focus on the development of one set of neurons in the retina, the retinal ganglion cells. (iastate.edu)
The goal of my research is to identify the genes most critical to development of healthy retinal ganglion cells by characterizing the mRNA expressed in these cells in the developing chick retina at different time points. (iastate.edu)
Although this level of plasticity is still found in the fully differentiated gonads, errors like mutations or epigenetic modifications impact ovarian development and, later, folliculogenesis, resulting in infertility. (lidsen.com)
Cellular proliferation and invasion are key aspects of development (reviewed in Medwig & Matus, 2017 ), and are also two of the defining hallmarks of cancer (reviewed in Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000 ). (elifesciences.org)
A growing body of evidence suggests that cell cycle progression and invasion through a basement membrane are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors in both development and disease states (reviewed in Kohrman and Matus, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
but how these cell states are regulated in the context of development is not well understood. (elifesciences.org)
During development of the hermaphroditic reproductive system, the proximal granddaughters of the Z1 and Z4 somatic gonad progenitors, Z1.pp and Z4.aa, give rise to four cells that will adopt one of two cellular fates: a proliferative ventral uterine (VU) cell or the terminally differentiated, invasive anchor cell (AC) ( Figure 1A ) ( Kimble and Hirsh, 1979 ). (elifesciences.org)
A single migratory somatic cell termed the distal tip cell (DTC),which is positioned at the tip of each arm, acts as a specialised signalling centre to control the development and the shape of the gonad through a series of inductive events. (silverchair.com)
The zebrafish genome contains two ambra1 paralogous genes ( a and b ), both involved in development and expressed at high levels in the gonads. (biomedcentral.com)
A single cell of the somatic gonad, the anchor cell, organizes the development of the vulva from epidermal precursors as well as the physical connection of the epidermis with the uterus. (wormbook.org)
In particular, vulva development represents a well-understood case in which invariant development arises from multiple cell-cell interactions. (wormbook.org)
During normal development, SOX9 allows the prostate epithelium to outgrow into the mesenchyme and then provides basal cell support for development and maintenance of the luminal epithelium. (thermofisher.com)
This led us to additional research the features of these genetics in myeloma cell development and success by using little interfering RNA (siRNA) strategy. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

Depletion of the Drosophila B-type lamin, Lam, compromises nuclear integrity, hinders expansion of leading protrusions, and impedes border cell movement. (bvsalud.org)
Drosophila CIAPIN1 homologue is required for follicle cell proliferation and survival. (nih.gov)
Many of the mechanistic insights into how niches regulate stem cell maintenance have been obtained using invertebrate models such as Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, apoptotic cells modulate death or survival balance, as was observed in the Drosophila imaginal disc, by producing the Tie ligand Pvf1, that induces death resistance of neighbouring cells [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

GSCs typically undergo asymmetric self-renewing divisions, producing one daughter stem cell that remains associated with the cap cell niche and a second daughter that is displaced away from the niche and as a result differentiates. (biomedcentral.com)
In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

While the observation that NHR-67 forms punctae associated with transcriptional repressors in non-invasive cells is intriguing, the work does not yet established a clear link between the formation and dissolution of NHR-67 condensates with the activation of downstream genes that NHR-67 is actively repressing. (elifesciences.org)
We wish to understand how germ cells protect their DNA, while turning different genes on and off at the right times to make functional sperm and eggs. (yale.edu)
Because the genes in C. elegans are related to those in higher organisms, the results from our studies should help us to understand how germ cells function in humans as well. (yale.edu)
Through a genome-wide search for such genes that were epigenetically controlled by the PI3K pathway in thyroid cancer cells, we found a wide range of genes with broad functions epigenetically targeted by the PI3K pathway. (oncotarget.com)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
While caspase-dependent signals emitted by apoptotic cells start to be characterised, almost no target genes are identified in receptor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results offer a even more unique understanding of the jobs of and genes in the molecular pathogenesis of MM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell collection The myeloma cell collection RPMI 8226 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Disruptions in autosomal genes involved in cellular homeostasis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, impaired cell signaling , and malfunctioning cellular processes. (biologyonline.com)

Thesomatic blastema brings together mesenchymal elements, cells derived from themesonephros and those of the coelomic wall. (keepnotes.com)

renders six epidermal precursor cells competent to respond to other developmental signals. (wormbook.org)
The precise pattern of vulval precursor cell fates involves the graded action of the EGF signaling and LIN-12 (Notch) mediated lateral signaling. (wormbook.org)
Both EGF and LIN-12 prevent precursor cells from adopting the 3 ° fate, which generates non-specialized epidermis. (wormbook.org)
The two 2 ° precursor cells generate vulA, vulB1, vulB2, vulC and vulD cells but in mirror symmetric polar patterns: ABCD and DCBA. (wormbook.org)
The reversed polarity of the posterior 2 ° precursor cell lineage requires WNT signaling mediated by both Frizzled class and Ryk class WNT-receptors LIN-17 and LIN-18 , respectively. (wormbook.org)
During the L1 and L2 stages, six vulval precursor cells (VPCs) are specified among the 11 Pn.p cells, which are located in the ventral epidermis. (wormbook.org)

The most obvious of the recurrent concepts to emerge from the meeting was the central role that similar inductive cues play across a variety of organisms and tissues in specifying cell fate. (silverchair.com)
Without the self-renewing capacity of stem cells, these tissues quickly cease to function properly, leading to various conditions including infertility, anemia and immunodeficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
First proposed by Schofield in 1978 [ 3 ], the niche hypothesis posits that specific locations or microenvironments within tissues prevent the maturation of resident stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, degenerative preantral and antral follicle cells and inflammatory cells around blood vessels were seen in IR group. (bvsalud.org)
Negative IL-6 expression was observed in seminal epithelial cells, preantral and antral follicle cells in IR+EPH group. (bvsalud.org)
While caspase-3 activity increased in granulosa cells and stromal cells in IR group, caspase-3 expression was negative in preantral and antral follicle cells in the germinal epithelium and cortex in IR+EPH group. (bvsalud.org)

Furthermore, the nuclei of 90C95% granulosa cells of porcine MK-1775 manufacturer primordial, unilaminar, multilaminar, and antral follicles of different sizes stain positive for GATA4 [25]. (ap26113.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

Furthermore, GATA4 manifestation was more powerful in FFCs than in OFCs, and it had been recognized in Sertoli cells of neonatal pig testes. (ap26113.com)
During puberty, testosterone induces Sertoli cell maturation, and prevails over FSH on AMH regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Sertoli cells not only regulate the inflow of external substances, but also produce several substances which are critical to the proper progression of spermatogenesis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PCR products spanning the fusion of exons 2 to 5 were amplified from somatic tissue in 9 out of 14 co-injected embryos. (iastate.edu)
Stem cells are essential for tissue homeostasis, particularly in organs that exhibit high rates of cellular turnover such as the skin, intestine and hematopoietic system. (biomedcentral.com)
Overproliferation of stem cells is equally undesirable and can disrupt normal tissue homeostasis, possibly contributing to tumor formation and growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Analyses of phylogenetic relationships and selection pressure were performed, and tissue expression profiles and spatiotemporal expression patterns in gonads were then analyzed using real-time PCR. (researchsquare.com)
At distinct anatomical sites, bone tissue harbors multiple types of skeletal stem cells, which may independently supply osteogenic cells in a site-specific manner. (nature.com)

We are studying germ cell regulation primarily using the model organism C. elegans, a nematode, because of the large number of germ cells it contains, and because of the many experimental advantages it offers. (yale.edu)

If the neurons are radially symmetrical, each cell has a three-letter name followed by L (left), R (right), D (dorsal), or V (ventral). (wormatlas.org)
Longitudinal nerve tracts travel along the body at ventral, subventral, lateral, subdorsal, and dorsal positions and connect cell bodies to major neuropils. (wormatlas.org)

A common feature shared by all juvenile vertebrates is the quiescent state of activity of the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis that characterizes the post-embryonic developmental period until the onset of puberty. (biomedcentral.com)
Increase in storage cell mitoses has been related to moulting and the late developmental stage of eggs (Czernekova and Jönsson 2016). (researchgate.net)
The work will be of interest to developmental biologists studying transcriptional control of cell fate specification in animals, especially once issues around the functional significance of the NHR-67 contiaining punctae are resolved. (elifesciences.org)
Rather, the issues that so beguiled pioneering developmental biologists have now become crucial to the understanding of such disparate fields as cancer biology, cloning and stem cell totipotency. (silverchair.com)
Thus, crosstalk between periosteal and growth plate stem cells is essential for post-developmental skeletal growth. (nature.com)

The gonad of the C. elegans hermaphrodite consists of two arms. (silverchair.com)

These cells guard their DNA very carefully to allow the production of sperm and eggs with the right number of chromosomes and no mutations. (yale.edu)
The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. (lookformedical.com)
A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species. (lookformedical.com)
These chromosomes exist in pairs in the somatic cells in contrast to their solo presence in germinal or sex cells , i.e. gametes . (biologyonline.com)

In the somatic nervous system, the neurons and their processes are generally positioned between the hypodermis and the body wall muscle and share a basal lamina with the hypodermis that isolates them from the muscles ( NeuroFIG 2 ). (wormatlas.org)
Cell bodies of most neurons are clustered in ganglia in the head or tail ( NeuroFIG 1 ). (wormatlas.org)
NeuroFIG 2A-C: Placement and topology of somatic neurons. (wormatlas.org)
Most of the neurons are components of the various head sensilla with associated sheath and socket cells. (wormatlas.org)

Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. (plos.org)
The WT1 protein is a transcription factor predominantly expressed in the embryonic kidneys and gonads. (medscape.com)
In the nuclei of VU cells, residual NHR-67 protein is compartmentalized into discrete punctae that are dynamic over the cell cycle and exhibit liquid-like properties. (elifesciences.org)
In endochondral bone formation, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-expressing RZSCs are the source of growth plate chondrocytes, which give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts as well as bone marrow skeletal stem cells 1 . (nature.com)
The NAMPT protein manifestation in siRNA-treated cells was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

This intermediate (I)-ProSG subset translocates from the center of seminiferous tubules to the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) 'niche' in its periphery soon after birth. (biologists.com)

Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)

Remarkably, according to a spatiotemporal expression pattern analysis, DmrtA1 and DmrtA2 were predominantly distributed in undifferentiated gonads (UGs) and developing ovaries, whereas DmrtB1b showed the lowest expression in UGs. (researchsquare.com)

Division of the nuclei stops once they have a cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The nuclei of follower cells deform less. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, GATA4 was also recognized in the nuclei of mouse and human being granulosa and thecal cells [23, 24]. (ap26113.com)
D. At a slightly more medial level, multiple labial neuron and support cell nuclei become visible anterior to the NR around the anterior bulb, whereas more lateral ganglion nuclei are visible posterior to the NR. Magnification, 600x. (wormatlas.org)

We propose a model in which association of NHR-67 with the Groucho/TCF complex suppresses the default invasive state in non-invasive cells, which complements transcriptional regulation to add robustness to the proliferative-invasive cellular switch in vivo . (elifesciences.org)
Here we will focus on reviewing work describing the formation and regulation of the ovarian stem cell niche. (biomedcentral.com)
It has a transcriptional regulation in melanin production in cells. (thermofisher.com)

Once they have exited the capillary vessels, the final stage of migration is along the dorsal mesentery to the developing gonad. (wikipedia.org)

The existence of niches has long been predicted from mammalian studies, but identifying stem cells in their native environments in vivo has remained a challenge in most vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
The niche model is consistent with many observations made in mammalian cell transplantation experiments, but difficulties in unequivocally identifying individual stem cells within their native environment prevented further testing of this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)

5. Conclusions To conclude, isolated GATA4-positive somatic cells could be utilized as feeder cells for long-term tradition of porcine GDCs ( 4 weeks). (ap26113.com)

These two associated cell types then migrate together anteriorly, until they coalesce into the embryonic gonad at the future site of the mature gonad. (wikipedia.org)
We performed differential transcriptomic analysis between control metamorphosing larvae and larvae treated with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk in order to explore the transcriptional control of apoptotic cells on neighbouring cells that survive and migrate. (biomedcentral.com)

Generation of functional eggs from pluripotent stem cells in culture would have impacts on reproductive biology and regenerative medicine. (researchsquare.com)
We have recently established a novel culture system in which mouse pluripotent stem cells differentiate to mature oocytes in a manner similar to oogenesis in vivo. (researchsquare.com)
Reconstitution of this process using pluripotent stem cells would provide an efficient tool for uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying oogenesis, as well as to more practically establish an alternative source of gametes for reproduction. (researchsquare.com)
Indeed, efforts have been made to reconstitute in vitro oogenesis, 1-3 though none of them succeeded in the production of functional oocytes from pluripotent stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
We previously established a culture system that produces primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) from pluripotent stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
The following is our step-by-step protocol for producing functional oocytes from pluripotent stem cells. (researchsquare.com)

The proportion of cells with mitosis ('mitotic index') was low: 0.76% in juveniles and 1.47% in adults. (researchgate.net)
The low mitotic index and the strong association with moulting suggests that mitosis in storage cells may be connected with somatic growth rather than cell renewal, and that the purpose of cell division may relate to a need of more cells to support the enlarged body after moulting. (researchgate.net)

It has been reported that Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, often used as stem cell markers, function cooperatively in the regulatory network of self-renewal and pluripotency [16]. (ap26113.com)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)

This process is in most cases distinct from PGC proliferation, with the exception of mammals in which both processes occur at the same time. (wikipedia.org)

During this invasion process, the basement membranes between the gonad and body wall are degraded. (wormbook.org)

Chicken primordial germ cells are initially specified in the area pellucida (a one-cell thick layer of epiblast lying above the sub-germinal space). (wikipedia.org)
Following the formation of the primitive streak, the germ cells are carried to the germinal crescent region. (wikipedia.org)

Previously, we have shown that the tail regression step during metamorphosis, characterized by a predictable polarized apoptotic wave, ensures elimination of most tail cells and controls primordial germ cells survival and migration. (biomedcentral.com)

see Muscle System - GLR Cells ), which are associated only with the somatic nervous system. (wormatlas.org)
Firstly, the cell constancy which is not a true eutely being several mitoses present even after hatching, even though some organs, such epidermis and nervous ganglia, have the same cell number in juveniles and adults. (researchgate.net)

Un rôle majeur des prostaglandines dans l'hématopoïèse, ainsi mis en évidence, a pu être étendu à la souris chez qui un traitement par la prostaglandine PGE2 provoque la multiplication des CSH in vivo et in vitro, un résultat qui génerera très probablement des applications cliniques. (hypotheses.org)

A growing body of evidence suggests that cell division and basement membrane invasion are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors. (elifesciences.org)

4 ] in 1951 cell culturing has become one of the most widely used methods with exceptional contribution to the advances in almost all fields of contemporary biology - cell biology, genetics, cell biochemistry, physiology etc. (intechopen.com)
The concept of the cellular niche represents one of the central paradigms in stem cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)

That proliferation is the default state is axiomatic for biologists studying unicellular organisms. (bsahely.com)
Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)

By screening for proteins that colocalize with NHR-67 punctae, we identified new regulators of uterine cell fate maintenance: homologs of the transcriptional co-repressor Groucho (UNC-37 and LSY-22), as well as the TCF/LEF homolog POP-1. (elifesciences.org)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)

The anchor cell also patterns nearby uterine cells, via the DSL ligand LAG-2 and LIN-12 , to generate the four uv1 cells that form the tight connection with the vulva. (wormbook.org)

Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)

J Cell Biol (1997) 138 (2): 471-480. (silverchair.com)
J Cell Biol, 2007 Jun 18. (nih.gov)

Prospectively identifying these cells and determining how they differ from their normal stem cell counterparts will probably provide important insights into the origin and progression of malignancy. (biomedcentral.com)

The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)

The subcultured GDCs in each passage experienced germ and stem cell characteristics, and circulation cytometric analyses exposed that ~60% of these cells were GFRPGP 9.5GFR-1NANOGwere used as shown in our earlier study [8]. (ap26113.com)
Based on these reports, it seems that germ and stem cell markers are expressed in cultured germ cells of domestic animals. (ap26113.com)
In this study, cells of the colonies at each passage were found to be positive for GFR em /em -1 and PGP 9.5, as well as for stem cell markers, in RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, MK-1775 manufacturer and flow cytometry analyses. (ap26113.com)
These results suggest that the GDCs stably maintain germ and stem cell characteristics during subculture. (ap26113.com)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)

Anatomy48

Organisms21

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Differentiation15

Germ cell development4

Gonadal somatic cells2

Tumors8

Testis10

Testicular5

Apoptosis14

PGCs11

Embryo3

Male gonad1

Adult6

Germline5

Signaling pathway1

Fetal5

Ovary1

Gene15

Pathways5

Caenorhabditis1

Development23

Drosophila4

Undergo2

Genes8

Coelomic1

Precursor6

Tissues3

Follicle3

Granulosa cells2

Sertoli3

Tissue5

Nematode1

Ventral2

Developmental5

Elegans1

CHROMOSOMES4

Neurons4

Protein5

Spermatogonial1

Epigenetic1

Predominantly1

Nuclei4

Regulation3

Dorsal1

Mammalian2

Conclusions1

Migrate2

Pluripotent6

Mitosis2

Self-renewal2

Distinct1

Membranes1

Germinal2

Primordial germ cells sur1

Nervous2

Vivo1

Suggests1

Biology3

Organisms2

Proteins2

Patterns1

Embryonic stem2

Biol2

Progression1

Biological1

Stem cell5