• [ 5 ] whereas postpubertal tumors are GCNIS-derived, though benign prepubertal-type teratomas may rarely develop in the postpubertal testis. (medscape.com)
  • The most common germ-cell tumors are yolk-sac tumors and teratomas, which were reported by Ross to account for about 62% and 26% of testis tumors, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Testis-sparing surgery with frozen section is a reasonable consideration for this and other benign prepubertal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour is a group of tumors derived from the stromal component of the ovary and testis, which comprises the granulosa, thecal cells and fibrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The peak incidence is in the third decade of life for non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) and mixed GCT patients, and in the fourth decade for seminoma testis (ST) patients. (uroweb.org)
  • In the interstitial tissue, Leydig cells synthesize androgens and the insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) [ 3 ], whereas in the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells regulate the nutrients and factors that reach the germ cells by means of the blood-testis barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depending on the molecules and testis age, highly deleterious effects of phytocannabinoid exposure were observed on testis tissue after 14 days, including Sertoli and germ cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • particularly the Sertoli cells, which play a major role in spermatogenesis and are the main cell type in the testis which expresses T 3 receptors [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is well established that the formation of normal numbers of Sertoli cells is a key factor in determining testis size, germ cell numbers per testis, and sperm production rate in adulthood in a range of mammals, including humans [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These discrepancies can be manifested in different gonadal combinations, including ovotestis with ovary, ovary and testis, bilateral ovotestis, and ovotestis and tesis. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
  • In the presence of a Y chromosome and the SRY gene, müllerian‐inhibiting substance produced by Sertoli cells causes regression of the MD. Meanwhile, testosterone produced by the Leydig cells induces differentiation of the WD into the efferent ducts that communicate with the rete testis, followed by the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct. (esur2023.com)
  • This tumour produces granulosa cells, which normally are found in the ovary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although both cell types normally occur in the testicle, this tumour can occur in the ovary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stromal tumors of the ovary include germ-cell tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, and other more rare types. (medscape.com)
  • Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • A current perspective on the pathological assessment of FOXL2 in adult-type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The prevalence and prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy in clinically early stage malignant germ cell tumour of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Pectasides D, Pectasides E, Psyrri A. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Retroperitoneal nodal metastasis in primary and recurrent granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Ayhan A, Salman MC, Velipasaoglu M, Sakinci M, Yuce K. Prognostic factors in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Patterns of metastasis in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: can routine staging lymphadenectomy be omitted? (cancercentrum.se)
  • Surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of patients with adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Patterns of spread and recurrence of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • This hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis evolves throughout development, from fetal life through adulthood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Production of testosterone majorly depends on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis. (superbgrade.com)
  • The development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics is generally under control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (osmosis.org)
  • This tumour produces Leydig cells, which normally are found in the testicle and tend to secrete androgens. (wikipedia.org)
  • The critical gene for male sex determination, SRY (sex-determining region Y), which is located on chromosome Yp11.3, initiates gonads to differentiate into testes, induces Leydig cells to secrete testosterone, develops Wolffian ducts, and forms male external genitalia. (e-kjgm.org)
  • At the same time, Sertoli cells secrete Müllerian inhibiting factor that induces regression of Müllerian ducts that in females would differentiate into the uterus. (e-kjgm.org)
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors can secrete excess testosterone , which can cause women to have more masculine features like hirsutism , which is increased hair growth. (osmosis.org)
  • Luteinizing hormone stimulates theca cells to generate androgens and follicle stimulating hormone stimulates granulosa cells to convert those androgens to estradiol using the enzyme aromatase. (osmosis.org)
  • Although not essential for initial WD formation, the later differentiation of this embryological structure relies on androgens derived from the Leydig cells. (esur2023.com)
  • The 2016 update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of testicular germ-cell tumors divided them into two broad categories on the basis of whether they are derived from a precursor lesion: germ-cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). (medscape.com)
  • Most malignant post-pubertal GCTs originate from germ cell neoplasia " in situ " (GCNIS). (uroweb.org)
  • Some series have suggested that teratomas, which most believe are vastly underreported because of their benign nature, may account for almost 50% of prepubertal testicular tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Prepubertal teratomas account for fewer than 30% of testicular germ-cell tumors in children and are uniformly benign. (medscape.com)
  • Epidermoid cysts are benign tumors of epithelial origin and account for 10-15% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • The tumour is almost exclusively benign and unilateral. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ovaries consist of different types of tissue ( epithelial , germ cells, and sex cord tissue), which may give rise to benign or malignant tumors . (amboss.com)
  • If any of those cells starts to divide uncontrollably, it can either form a benign tumor which means that it doesn't invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body , or it can be a malignant tumor which means that it can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body . (osmosis.org)
  • Compared with benign tumor cells, malignant tumor cells have key features like not having a clearly defined border or like having slightly less organized nuclei. (osmosis.org)
  • Pauniaho SL, Salonen J, Helminen M, Vettenranta K, Heikinheimo M, Heikinheimo O. The incidences of malignant gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in males and females: a population-based study covering over 40 years in Finland. (cancercentrum.se)
  • While sperm production has classically been the focus of adult reproductive function, somatic cells are crucial for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and gamete production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we studied the development of ProSG, their SG descendants and testicular somatic cells during the perinatal period in mice. (biologists.com)
  • The lining of seminiferous epithelium is unique in the complexity of its arrangement which consists of supporting somatic cells, a proliferating population of germ cells that are displaced centripetally from the spermatogonia to the base of spermatozoa in the central compartment. (superbgrade.com)
  • Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
  • This intermediate (I)-ProSG subset translocates from the center of seminiferous tubules to the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) 'niche' in its periphery soon after birth. (biologists.com)
  • This compromised testicular antioxidant status might have contributed to poor growth and development by affecting the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in rats before puberty as indicated by reduced germ cell number, complete absence of round spermatids, decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone level. (hindawi.com)
  • Degeneration and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules with poor germ cell development is frequently observed. (medscape.com)
  • The processes are localized in two major morphological structures, the vascularized Leydig cells of the interstitium and the vascularized seminiferous tubules. (superbgrade.com)
  • Seminiferous tubules constitute of at least75 % testicular mass in adult because of continuous cell multiplication. (superbgrade.com)
  • Serum AMH is undetectable in patients with congenital or acquired anorchidism, or with complete gonadal dysgenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conservative surgery to preserve ovarian function in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry is studying these rare tumors and collecting data on them to further research. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, she is cochair of two national protocols that opened in 1999 for the treatment of low-risk and high-risk pediatric germ cell tumors and chair of the COG Germ Cell subcommittee in COG Rare Tumors. (dana-farber.org)
  • Ovarian tumors include luteoma of pregnancy, arrhenoblastoma, hilar-cell tumor, masculinizing ovarian stromal cell tumor, and Krukenberg tumor. (health.am)
  • [ 2 ] Adult germ-cell tumors with malignant potential, such as seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, are not present in prepubertal patients. (medscape.com)
  • Uncommonly, a similar but possibly distinct tumour, juvenile granulosa cell tumour, presents in pre-pubertal girls with precocious puberty. (wikipedia.org)
  • AMH is secreted in high amounts by Sertoli cells from fetal life until the onset of puberty. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During puberty, testosterone induces Sertoli cell maturation, and prevails over FSH on AMH regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In all documented biopsied cases, there is a significant decline in germ cell development and an increase in tubular sclerosis by puberty. (medscape.com)
  • By the time you reach puberty only 200,000 to 400,000 egg cells are left. (brusselsoncofertility.be)
  • These tumors often end up producing way too much estradiol, and this can cause very specific hormone associated symptoms like uterine bleeding , breast tenderness, and early puberty in young girls. (osmosis.org)
  • Granulosa-theca cell tumors produce excess estradiol, which can cause very specific hormone-associated symptoms like uterine bleeding , breast tenderness, and early puberty in young girls. (osmosis.org)
  • However, in male species spermatogenesis occurs at puberty due to the interactions of the Leydig cells, hypothalamus, and the pituitary glands. (superbgrade.com)
  • The objective of the present study is to investigate the modulation of antioxidant defence status in neonatal persistent hypothyroid rats before their sexual maturation and also to identify the specific testicular cell populations vulnerable to degeneration during neonatal hypothyroidism in immature rats. (hindawi.com)
  • Immature teratoma has one of the lowest rates of somatic mutation of any tumor type and results from one of five mechanisms of meiotic failure. (mdwiki.org)
  • Unfortunately, immature egg cells are also affected by radiation. (brusselsoncofertility.be)
  • The higher the dose, the bigger the effect and the more immature egg cells are destroyed. (brusselsoncofertility.be)
  • Each follicle is made up of an oocyte, which is an immature egg, surrounded by two types of cells - theca cells and granulosa cells. (osmosis.org)
  • For in vitro studies, immature Leydig cells were isolated from 35-day-old male rats and treated with 50 μM piperine in the presence of different steroidogenic stimulators/substrates for 24 h. (frontiersin.org)
  • Piperine in vitro also increased androgen production and stimulated cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and 17α-hydroxylase/20-lyase activities in immature Leydig cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Late-stage pubertal development of Leydig cells is mainly involved in the transition of immature Leydig cells to adult Leydig cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • This tumour produces theca of follicle, a tissue normally found in the ovarian follicle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Müllerian duct structures typically develop on the gonadal side not containing testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Wolffian duct structures tend to be observed on the gonadal side containing functioning testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)
  • In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
  • The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue , such as hair , muscle , teeth , or bone . (mdwiki.org)
  • Mature teratoma of the mediastinum: A horizontal slice of the resected tumor reveals fibrofatty tissue, calcified areas, and a few cystic spaces lined with smooth membrane and containing a hair. (mdwiki.org)
  • The term sex cord refers to an embryonic structures that develop into ovarian follicles and stromal cells are the connective tissue of any organ. (osmosis.org)
  • So a sex cord-stromal ovarian cancer is a type of tumor that develops from either ovarian follicle cells or connective tissue cells . (osmosis.org)
  • Under the microscope, these tumors classically develop little fluid pockets scattered throughout the tissue that are called Call-Exner bodies. (osmosis.org)
  • Sex cord-stromal ovarian cancer is a type of tumor that develops from either ovarian follicle cells, or connective tissue cells . (osmosis.org)
  • A retrospective study of 83 women with sex cord-stromal tumours (73 with granulosa cell tumour and 10 with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour), all diagnosed between 1975 and 2003, reported that survival was higher with age under 50, smaller tumour size, and absence of residual disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mammals, the adrenal cortex and gonads share the exact developmental origin: the adreno-gonadal primordium (AGP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Sertoli cells, in turn, promote the formation of spermatogonia, maintenance of muscle tropism, regulation of physical energy, cognitive and acute Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) response to dominance challenge, regulation of the amount of thromboxane A2 receptors that are present on megakaryocytes and platelets. (superbgrade.com)
  • Untreated maternal virilizing CAH is another potential cause, though androgen-secreting adrenal tumor in the mother is rare. (health.am)
  • Sertoli cells not only regulate the inflow of external substances, but also produce several substances which are critical to the proper progression of spermatogenesis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Spermatogenesis provides cell multiplication and cell differentiation. (superbgrade.com)
  • Piperine stimulates pubertal Leydig cell development by increasing Leydig cell number and promoting its maturation while it inhibits spermatogenesis in the rat. (frontiersin.org)
  • In order to examine whether PIP affected spermatogenesis by interfering with Leydig cell testosterone production, in the current study we evaluated the effects of PIP on pubertal Leydig cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Typically it consists of adult-type granulosa cells and Sertoli cells, but it has been reported with juvenile-type granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
  • In contrast, the epithelial cells originate from the outer epithelial lining surrounding the gonad while the germ cell tumors arise from the precursor cells of the gametes, hence the name germ cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epithelial ovarian tumors are the most common tumor subtype. (amboss.com)
  • Rupture of a mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma leading to the spread of tumor cells throughout the peritoneum . (amboss.com)
  • Mucinous cells cause gelatinous ascites and intraabdominal adhesions. (amboss.com)
  • Indeed, the WDs, originate as excretory ducts and appear near the gonadal precursor of both sexes shortly after their formation. (esur2023.com)
  • For diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour, inhibin is under investigation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the adult male, the appraisal of the endocrine function of the gonadal axis usually relies on the assessment of serum levels of gonadotropins, testosterone and inhibin B. In pediatric ages, basal testosterone and gonadotropin levels may be largely uninformative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: Genotyping has become more cost-effective and less invasive with the use of buccal cell sampling. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • Ex vivo exposure of first trimester testes to CBD, THC, or CBD/THC [ratio 1:1] at 10 −7 to 10 −5 M altered testosterone secretion by Leydig cells, AMH secretion by Sertoli cells, and impacted testicular cell proliferation and viability as early as 72 h post-exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The evidence that the culture of testicular fragments of 6.5-day-old mouse testes does not allow optimal differentiation of steroidogenic cells is compelling and should enable further optimizations in the future. (elifesciences.org)
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulate the interstitial cells that are found in the testes to produce testosterone hormones. (superbgrade.com)
  • This group of tumours is significantly less common than testicular germ cell tumours in men, and slightly less common than ovarian germ cell tumours in women (see Ovarian cancer). (wikipedia.org)
  • At diagnosis, 1-2% are bilateral and 90-95% of cases are germ cell tumours (GCT) [ 6 ]. (uroweb.org)
  • And these are the most common malignant stromal tumors and they're associated with middle-aged women. (osmosis.org)
  • Most authorities believe that seminomas should be managed as in adults and mixed germ-cell tumors should be treated according to the most malignant subtype present. (medscape.com)
  • hCG was insufficient to facilitate Leydig cell differentiation, restore steroidogenesis and improve sperm yield. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mayr D, Hirschmann A, Marlow S, Horvath C, Diebold J. Analysis of selected oncogenes (AKT1, FOS, BCL2L2, TGFbeta) on chromosome 14 in granulosa cell tumors (GCTs): a comprehensive study on 30 GCTs combining comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence-in situ-hybridization (FISH). (cancercentrum.se)
  • The SCN regulates melatonin secretion and affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additional risk factors include a family history of TC among first-degree relatives and the presence of a contralateral testicular tumour or GCNIS [ 15-22 ]. (uroweb.org)
  • Testicular tumors account for 1-2% of all pediatric tumors, with an incidence of 0.05-2 per 100,000 children. (medscape.com)
  • Incidence and occurrence of second primary tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • As opposed to what happens to men during sperm production, women do not produce new reproductive cells once they are born. (brusselsoncofertility.be)
  • Egg cells are stored in small follicles (vesicles) in the ovaries. (brusselsoncofertility.be)
  • If your lower abdomen is irradiated, the ovaries (containing the egg cells) and the womb will also become damaged. (brusselsoncofertility.be)
  • We identified a mouse mutant that causes embryonic gonadal sex reversal: the development of ovaries in an XY embryo. (plos.org)
  • Pediatric prepubertal testicular tumors are dramatically different from adult neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Gonadal stromal tumors are generally considered significantly less common than germ-cell tumors and primarily include juvenile granulosa-cell tumors, Leydig-cell tumors , and Sertoli-cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Primordial germ cells migrate to the gonadal ridge prior to 6 weeks and the infrastructure to support gonad development is further influenced by various genes. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • Solitary tumors of the uterus which arise de novo from the mesenchymal cells of the myometrium. (brainscape.com)
  • Arise from sex cord cells (e.g. (amboss.com)
  • Transcript levels of the androgen receptor (AR)-regulated gene Rhox5 were decreased at the end of the culture period, suggesting that testosterone production by Leydig cells and/or AR transcriptional activity was impaired in organotypic cultures ( 8 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • CpG methylation of the FHIT, FANCF, cyclin-D2, BRCA2 and RUNX3 genes in Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of ovarian origin. (cancercentrum.se)
  • In mouse, only epiblast cells can be directly converted into cultured pluripotent embryonic stem cells, capable of forming all adult cell types. (bioone.org)
  • Serum AMH measurements are useful, together with testosterone determination, in the diagnosis of patients with ambiguous genitalia: both are low in patients with gonadal dysgenesis, including ovotesticular disorders of sex development, testosterone is low but AMH is in the normal male range or higher in patients with disorders of androgen synthesis, and both hormones are normal or high in patients with androgen insensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)