SGPTAspartate AminotransferaseSerum alanine aminotransferaseElevated alanine aminotransferaseLiverPyruvate and glutamateGlucose-alaniTransaminationEnzyme that catalyzesParticipatesDehydrogenaseMetabolismAmino acidsExcitatory neurotransmitterGlutamineNitrogenLevelsFormGroupsIncludeProductionAspartate aminotransferaseSGOTSerum glutamatePyruvate and D-glutamateBiosynthesisAminotransferase activityBranched chainAlpha-ketoglutarateReactionSynthaseTransferasesHepaticGlucoseDerivativesCatalyzesGluconeogenesisLiver injuryVersusElevationSynthesisPrimarilyDonorCofactorBloodNormalFamilyDamageNames
SGPT4
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) reagent is used for the quantitative determination of alanine aminotransferase (Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, SGPT) in human serum. (tecodiagnostics.com)
- Two millimeter of venous blood was collected from all the participants and processed for urea, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase), and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase) by using standard kits (ERBA) in semiauto analyzer (Transasia Erba Chem5X by Calbiotech Inc. USA, semiautomated clinical chemistry analyzer) and the fully automatic analyzer (Cobas Integra 400 Roche, Germany) method. (mouldmedical.com)
- A lab test using serum or plasma to measure the enzyme to assess liver function: Alanine amino transferase (ALT), also called serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). (nh.gov)
- It was originally referred to as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). (medscape.com)
Aspartate Aminotransferase3
- RESULTS: The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBiL), direct bilirubin (DBiL) and contents of liver Hyp were dose-dependently improved after treatment for TAS in BDL and DDC- induced CLF models. (bvsalud.org)
- Serum aminotransferases such as aspartate aminotransferase, AST and alanine transaminase, ALT have been used as clinical markers of tissue damage, with increasing serum levels indicating an increased extent of damage. (medmuv.com)
- Enzymes of neuronal energetic pathways, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were also evaluated. (hindawi.com)
Serum alanine aminotransferase1
- Vitamin E and changes in serum alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (medscape.com)
Elevated alanine aminotransferase1
- Comparison of hepatitis C virus testing strategies: birth cohort versus elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. (medscape.com)
Liver8
- Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids. (mousephenotype.org)
- Alanine transaminase has an important function in the delivery of skeletal muscle carbon and nitrogen (in the form of alanine) to the liver. (medmuv.com)
- In skeletal muscle, pyruvate is transaminated to alanine, thus affording an additional route of nitrogen transport from muscle to liver. (medmuv.com)
- In the liver, alanine transaminase transfers the ammonia to α-KG and regenerates pyruvate. (medmuv.com)
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) measurements are particularly useful in the diagnosis and management of certain liver diseases, e.g., viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. (clevelandheartlab.com)
- Alanine aminotransferase measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain liver diseases (e.g., viral hepatitis and cirrhosis) and heart diseases. (cdc.gov)
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver and kidney. (medscape.com)
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is usually measured concurrently with AST as part of a liver function panel to determine the source of organ damage. (medscape.com)
Pyruvate and glutamate1
- Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. (biossusa.com)
Glucose-alani2
- This process is referred to as the glucose-alanine cycle. (medmuv.com)
- The glucose-alanine cycle is used primarily as a mechanism for skeletal muscle to eliminate nitrogen while replenishing its energy supply. (medmuv.com)
Transamination2
- The most common compounds involved as a donor/acceptor pair in transamination reactions are glutamate and α-KG, which participate in reactions with many different aminotransferases. (medmuv.com)
- Glucose oxidation produces pyruvate which can undergo transamination to alanine. (medmuv.com)
Enzyme that catalyzes2
- In enzymology, a D-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + D-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and D-glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
- An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (curehunter.com)
Participates2
- This enzyme participates in 6 metabolic pathways: lysine degradation, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, D-alanine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Glutamate participates in the combined deamination centered on glutamate dehydrogenase. (mgm-biochem.com)
Dehydrogenase2
- Ammonia incorporation in animals occurs through the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthase. (medmuv.com)
- A pair of principal enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthatase, are found in all organisms and effect the conversion of ammonia into the amino acids glutamate and glutamine, respectively. (medmuv.com)
Metabolism3
- Thyroid hormone regulates glutamine metabolism and anaplerotic fluxes by inducing mitochondrial glutamate aminotransferase GPT2. (mousephenotype.org)
- In amino acid metabolism, glutamate is formed by the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to α-ketoglutarate. (mgm-biochem.com)
- This result suggests that taurine improves pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate metabolism, thus decreasing IUI-caused cerebral damage and relieving motor behavior impairment. (hindawi.com)
Amino acids2
- L-Glutamate is one of the two amino acids that contain a carboxylic acid group on its side chain. (mgm-biochem.com)
- Brain tissue can only oxidize glutamate, but not other amino acids. (mgm-biochem.com)
Excitatory neurotransmitter1
- In this study, we show that human DC undergoing maturation and in contact with T cells release significant amounts of glutamate, which is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalians. (aai.org)
Glutamine1
- Glutamate is converted to glutamine by glutamine synthetase and converted to gamma-aminobutyric acid by glutamate decarboxylase. (mgm-biochem.com)
Nitrogen1
- Glutamate plays the central role in mammalian nitrogen flow, serving as both a nitrogen donor and nitrogen acceptor. (medmuv.com)
Levels1
- Elevated levels of the transaminases can indicate myocardial infarction, hepatic disease, muscular dystrophy, or organ damage. (cdc.gov)
Form1
- And then under the catalysis of alanine transaminase, glutamate with pyruvate can form α-ketoglutarate and alanine. (mgm-biochem.com)
Groups1
- This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. (wikipedia.org)
Include2
- Other names in common use include D-aspartate transaminase, D-alanine aminotransferase, D-aspartic aminotransferase, D-alanine-D-glutamate transaminase, D-alanine transaminase, and D-amino acid aminotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- The patented medicines made from glutamic acid include medicinal glutamic acid oral tablets, sodium glutamate (potassium) injection, calcium glutamate injection, acetylglutamate injection, etc. (mgm-biochem.com)
Production3
- L-glutamic acid powder is mainly used in the production of monosodium glutamate and spices. (mgm-biochem.com)
- Racemic glutamate is used in the production of drugs and also as biochemical reagents, etc. (mgm-biochem.com)
- Furthermore, we showed that loss of MLK3 increased expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, accelerated hepatic GSH recovery, and decreased production of reactive oxygen species after APAP treatment. (aspetjournals.org)
Aspartate aminotransferase5
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) â ¤ 2.5xULN 6. (keckmedicine.org)
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), formerly termed glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), formerly termed glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), are the two aminotransferases of greatest clinical significance. (yemialadeworld.com)
- Description: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), also called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), is a member of transferase family. (davefenwick.com)
- Serum aminotransferases such as aspartate aminotransferase, AST and alanine transaminase, ALT have been used as clinical markers of tissue damage, with increasing serum levels indicating an increased extent of damage. (tdmuv.com)
- Serum triglyceride (TG), total-cholesterol (T-cho), glucose (Glu), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) and albumin (Alb) levels were measured. (spandidos-publications.com)
SGOT1
- AST formerly was called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). (medscape.com)
Serum glutamate1
- Description: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), also called serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT), is a member of transferase family. (davefenwick.com)
Pyruvate and D-glutamate2
- In enzymology, a D-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + D-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and D-glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
- A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between D-Alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to form PYRUVATE and D-GLUTAMATE, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Biosynthesis3
- This enzyme participates in 6 metabolic pathways: lysine degradation, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, D-alanine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- This general designation covers both 2.6.1.76 (diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase, which uses glutamate as the amino donor in DABA biosynthesis), and 2.6.1.46 (diaminobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase, which uses alanine as the amino donor). (nih.gov)
- Biochemical and molecular characterization of the biosynthesis of glutamine and glutamate, two major compatible solutes in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus halophilus. (harvard.edu)
Aminotransferase activity2
- Indices of liver injury included histopathology and serum alanine aminotransferase activity. (nih.gov)
- Alanine aminotransferase activity in the blood indicates that liver cells have been damaged to the extent that their membranes leak ALT into the blood circulation. (yemialadeworld.com)
Branched chain1
- Alanine can be biosynthesized from pyruvate and branched chain amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine. (ymdb.ca)
Alpha-ketoglutarate1
- An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 2 molecules of glutamate from glutamine plus alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH. (harvard.edu)
Reaction3
- This reaction is catalyzed by alanine transaminase, ALT. (tdmuv.com)
- Alanine and derivatives are compounds containing alanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. (ymdb.ca)
- We conducted Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-triphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, histopathological analysis, and rotarod test. (nih.gov)
Synthase4
- Glutamate Synthase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Glutamate Synthase" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Glutamate Synthase" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Glutamate Synthase" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- Isolation of a glutamate synthase (GOGAT)-negative, pleiotropically N utilization-defective mutant of Azospirillum brasilense: cloning and partial characterization of GOGAT structural gene. (harvard.edu)
Transferases1
- This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. (wikipedia.org)
Hepatic1
- Elevated levels of the transaminases can indicate myocardial infarction, hepatic disease, muscular dystrophy, or organ damage. (cdc.gov)
Glucose4
- We find that the velocity of the glutamate-glutamine cycle ( V cyc ) explains part of the uncoupling between glucose and oxygen utilization at increasing V cyc levels. (biomedcentral.com)
- This process is referred to as the glucose-alanine cycle. (tdmuv.com)
- The glucose-alanine cycle is used primarily as a mechanism for skeletal muscle to eliminate nitrogen while replenishing its energy supply. (tdmuv.com)
- It also arises together with lactate and generates glucose from protein degradation via the alanine cycle. (ymdb.ca)
Catalyzes1
- Aspartate transaminase catalyzes the interconversion of aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to glutamate. (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis2
- Cancer cells have been found to release alanine which is used for gluconeogenesis. (phoenixrising.me)
- Alanine is tightly coupled to metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle. (ymdb.ca)
Liver injury6
- Acetaminophen-induced liver injury is attenuated in male glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
- We have generated C57Bl/6 mice that conditionally overexpress glutamate-cysteine ligase, and report here their resistance to acetaminophen-induced liver injury. (nih.gov)
- Male transgenic mice induced to overexpress glutamate-cysteine ligase exhibited resistance to acetaminophen-induced liver injury when compared with acetaminophen-treated male mice carrying, but not expressing glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenes, or to female glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
- We conclude that glutamate-cysteine ligase activity is an important factor in determining acetaminophen-induced liver injury in C57Bl/6 male mice. (nih.gov)
- Because people are known to vary in their glutamate-cysteine ligase activity, this enzyme may also be an important determinant of sensitivity to acetaminophen-induced liver injury in humans. (nih.gov)
- Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and positive/negative predictive values were used to compare sensitivity to report liver injury versus alanine transaminase (ALT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR). (nih.gov)
Versus1
- Comparison of hepatitis C virus testing strategies: birth cohort versus elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. (medscape.com)
Elevation1
- The studies reported an elevation in brain glutamate concentrations indicating brain tissue damage. (iisc.ac.in)
Synthesis1
- Glutamate-cysteine ligase carries out the rate-limiting and first step in glutathione synthesis. (nih.gov)
Primarily1
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver and kidney . (medscape.com)
Donor1
Cofactor1
- As a prototypical transaminase, AST relies on PLP (Vitamin B6) as a cofactor to transfer the amino group from aspartate or glutamate to the corresponding ketoacid. (yemialadeworld.com)
Blood1
- The alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test measures the level of the enzyme ALT in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Normal1
- What is a normal alanine aminotransferase level? (yemialadeworld.com)
Family1
- This family consists of L-diaminobutyric acid transaminases. (nih.gov)
Damage1
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is usually measured concurrently with AST as part of a liver function panel to determine the source of organ damage. (medscape.com)
Names1
- Other names in common use include D-aspartate transaminase, D-alanine aminotransferase, D-aspartic aminotransferase, D-alanine-D-glutamate transaminase, D-alanine transaminase, and D-amino acid aminotransferase. (wikipedia.org)