Giemsa chromosome banding. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bar-coding" primate chromosomes: molecular cytogenetic screening for the ancestral hominoid karyotype. (anthropogeny.org)
The results showed 2n = 50 chromosomes for five species and a karyotype with 52 chromosomes in Astyanax sp. (scielo.org)
G-banding, G banding or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. (blallab.com)
Karyotype: The full set of chromosomes in a person's cells. (msdmanuals.com)
A karyotype analysis involves blocking cells in mitosis during metaphase and staining the condensed chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomes from single cells are photographed, and their images are arranged, forming a karyotype. (msdmanuals.com)
The chromosomes are less condensed than in routine metaphase analysis, and the number of identifiable bands is expanded, allowing a more sensitive karyotype analysis. (msdmanuals.com)
The results show significant differences in nuclear DNA content, chromosome number, and karyotype among three native and two introduced lantana species and will help to identify, preserve, protect, and use native lantana species. (ashs.org)
The karyotype and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of Anatolian leuciscine endemic to Lake Beysehir, Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) were analyzed respectively using conventional Giemsa-staining, C-banding and Ag-impregnation. (egejfas.org)
Diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50 and karyotype consisted of 7 pairs of metacentric, 13 pairs of submetacentric, 5 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes, NF value equaled 90. (egejfas.org)
The karyotype pattern and simple NOR phenotype of S. anatolicus are nearly identical with that found not only in Squalius species analyzed to date but also in many other representatives of the Eurasian leuciscine cyprinids, which indicates remarkable chromosome stasis in this leuciscid lineage. (egejfas.org)
Ambros, P. Schweizer, D. (1976) The Giemsa C Banded Karyotype of Arabidopsis thaliana. (nenno.it)

Scientists can identify abnormalities such as translocations, deletions, or an incorrect number of chromosomes. (psychesystems.com)
The differences in the dye intensity are compared and contrasted between the test chromosome and control chromosome to detect abnormalities. (psychesystems.com)
Cytogenomic SNP microarray testing is used to identify genomic imbalances (deletions and duplications) and may be used to further characterize abnormalities identified by chromosome analysis, including unbalanced translocations, recombinant chromosomes, markers, and ring chromosomes. (arupconsult.com)
Chromosome analysis has limited ability to detect copy number abnormalities less than 10-15 Mb in size. (arupconsult.com)
Since that year, rarer autosomal dominant disease forms with variable penetrance with or without chromosome 9 abnormalities have also been described. (medscape.com)
Chromosome analyses showed numeral abnormalities such as 5n ploidies and various kinds of structural abnormalities, such as deletions, translocations, derivatives and isodicentric chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Section E6 of the ACMG technical standards and guidelines: chromosome studies for acquired abnormalities. (musc.edu)
American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics technical standards and guidelines: microarray analysis for chromosome abnormalities in neoplastic disorders. (musc.edu)

In order to distinguish individual chromosomes, a technique called G-banding is used . (psychesystems.com)
The G-band technique also provides scientists the ability to identify individual chromosomes that have been deleted or translocated. (psychesystems.com)
depressa had the longest total chromatin length (146.78 µm) with a range of 1.88 to 4.41 µm for individual chromosomes. (ashs.org)
The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)

Any cytogenetic investigation regarding NOR variability, telomere sequence and genome size in the Indian species becomes the most promising field to decipher chromosome evolution against the background of species diversity and evolution, especially in the Indian subcontinent. (pensoft.net)
A detailed cytogenetic study based on conventional staining with Giemsa, AgNORs, C-banding, base-specific fluorochromes, and FISH using ribosomal genes 18S and 5S was conducted, aiming to understand some of the chromosomal mechanisms associated with the high diversification that characterizes this group and culminated with the establishment of these species. (scielo.org)
Similarly, formerly independent maps, based on cytogenetic banding patterns, meiotic crossovers and radiation hybrids, may be placed within the single consensus sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative molecular cytogenetic analysis of three Leuciscus species (Pisces, Cyprinidae) using chromosome banding and FISH with rDNA. (egejfas.org)
Cytogenetic heteromorphisms: survey results and reporting practices of giemsa-band regions that we have pondered for years. (musc.edu)

The identification of individual types of chromosomes and translocations or deletions allows the opportunity to diagnose specific diseases with precision. (psychesystems.com)

Schlegel, R., P. D bel und W.-D. Bl thner, 1975, Das Giemsa-Bandenmuster mitotischer und meiotischer Chromosomen des Roggens ( Secale cereale L.) [Giemsa banding pattern of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Secale cereale L.]. Biol. (t-online.de)
The review provides a brief account of the structure of somatic and meiotic chromosomes, stressing the high conservation of structure in plants and animals, with emphasis on aspects that require further research. (biomedcentral.com)
Rad51b c.92delT/c.92delT mice exhibited meiotic DNA repair defects due to RAD51 and HSF2BP/BMRE1 accumulation in the chromosome axes leading to a reduction in the number of crossovers. (nature.com)

Of family members in this research who presented with epilepsy, 70-80% had large deletions in the NA gene, now known as VPS13A , on chromosome 9. (medscape.com)

Humans have unique constitutive heterochromatin (C-band) patterns, with novel C bands on the long arm of chromosome Y and in the pericentric regions of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16. (anthropogeny.org)
A common deleted region (CDR) in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) affects the long arm of chromosome 20 and has been predicted to harbor a tumor suppressor gene. (elifesciences.org)

Giemsa stain is also a differential stain , such as when it is combined with Wright stain to form Wright-Giemsa stain. (topfuturepoint.com)

The mouse genome contains 50 copies of a long complex repeat unit localized as a repeat sequence island to the A3 Giemsa-positive (dark) band on the mouse X chromosome. (ox.ac.uk)
This lets researchers observe restructuring or deletion of chromosomes, thus benefiting the research and identification of genome-related diseases. (psychesystems.com)
The evolutionary history of organisms is inscribed in the chromosomes, the physically visible form of genome. (pensoft.net)
This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
Such a global approach had previously been described only for chromosomes 21 and 22, which together account for 2.2% of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
As of late 2000, the public human sequence was primarily based on approximately 24,000 accessioned bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones covering 97% of the euchromatic portion of the genome [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thirty percent of the genome is in finished form, including the entire sequence of chromosomes 21 and 22 [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This study was conducted to obtain information about somatic chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and genome size of these five species. (ashs.org)

Understand- ing the mechanisms of the origin of such aberrations would give us a better insight in the structure and function of the chromosomes and this is one aspect of the present volume, namely, the basic one. (pdfroom.com)
The following topics are discussed: chromosome structure, repair of genetic dam- age and chromosomal aberrations (Chaps. (pdfroom.com)
This is a "connection" page, showing publications Daynna Wolff has written about Chromosome Aberrations. (musc.edu)

In order to differentiate unique human chromosomes, the researchers discovered using Giemsa dye to identify the banding patterns, now referred to as G-bands. (psychesystems.com)

Phylogenomic studies using chromosome painting confirms the high conservation of DNA between even distantly related species [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosome number could be but is not considered a defining attribute of a taxonomic species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Drosera can have anywhere from 8 to 80 chromosomes depending on the species. (carnivorousplants.org)
There are two factors related to chromosomes and species that work separately and together to make life interesting. (carnivorousplants.org)
Satellites were identified in all five species, but were associated with a different chromosome group in different species. (ashs.org)
depressa was the only species that had all of its centromeres located in the median region of the chromosome. (ashs.org)
The sex is principally determined by genotype in all species, but the mechanisms range from a single controlling locus to sex chromosomes bearing several linked loci required for sex determination. (researchgate.net)

C-banding revealed clear pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin blocks in several chromosomes. (egejfas.org)

Um estudo citogenético detalhado com base na coloração convencional com Giemsa, AgNORs, banda C, fluorocromos base-específicos, e FISH com sondas para genes ribossomais 18S e 5S foi realizado com o objetivo de compreender alguns dos mecanismos cromossômicos associados com a alta diversificação que caracteriza este grupo de peixes e que culminou com o estabelecimento dessas espécies. (scielo.org)

We have sequenced 1949 kb from the terminal Giemsa light band of human chromosome 16p, enabling us to fully annotate the region extending from the telomeric repeats to the previously published tuberous sclerosis disease 2 (TSC2) and polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) genes. (ox.ac.uk)
In 1944 it was realized that genetic transformation in bacteria was due to DNA and not protein and that DNA was the molecule responsible for heredity in genes and chromosomes [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Detailed mapping suggests that haploinsufficiency of one or more genes in Xp22.3, the distal 8.3 megabases (Mb) of the X chromosome, is responsible for a TS neurocognitive phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
The genetic abnormality in TS is determined by the absence of one copy of genes on the X chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Although one X chromosome undergoes inactivation in normal females during early embryogenesis, about 15% of all X chromosome genes, mostly situated on the short arm (Xp), remain active to some degree on both X chromosomes [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Many individuals affected by these disorders possess a shortened form of chromosome 20 that lacks a number of genes. (elifesciences.org)
This deletion is only ever seen in one of their two copies of the chromosome-suggesting that at least some of these genes are essential for survival-but the identity of the gene(s) that are associated with the increased risk of myeloid malignancies is unknown. (elifesciences.org)
have uncovered a key tumor suppressor among those genes frequently lost on chromosome 20. (elifesciences.org)
Several chromosomal arms that had frequent DNA amplifications showed frequent gene expression alterations such as chromosomes 1 (15 genes), 2 (9 genes), 6 (6 genes), 11 (6 genes), 12 (8 genes), and 17 (13 genes). (usuhs.edu)
Despite the relatively large DNA amplification regions, overexpressed genes frequently mapped and clustered to small chromosomal regions at early-replicating (Giemsa light) bands such as 1q21.3 (nine genes), 6p21.3 (five genes), and 17q21 (eight genes). (usuhs.edu)

It is useful for identifying genetic diseases through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome complement. (blallab.com)
[16] Kallak H, J?rvek?lg L. Changes in chromosome complement in long-term pea callus cultures. (org.ua)

These studies reaffirmed that chromosome structure and behavior in somatic and germ cell divisions were common to all plants and animals. (biomedcentral.com)

Morgan, Sturtevant, Bridges and Muller constructed the first genetic linkage maps from recombination studies in crosses made in the fruit fly and from cytological preparations of its polytene salivary gland chromosomes [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Fluorescence and Giemsa banding studies of the allocyclic X chromosome in embryonic and adult mouse cells. (wikidata.org)

Chromosome banding employs multiple techniques such as Giemsa (G), reverse (R), centromere (C), and quinacrine (Q) banding to dye chromosomes during mitosis. (anthropogeny.org)

We now recognize that, following DNA replication, the metaphase chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by a centromere and by cohesin. (biomedcentral.com)

Smaller C bands shared with non-human primates are found at the centromere of each chromosome and on the p arms of chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22. (anthropogeny.org)

Turner syndrome (45, X, TS, monosomy X) is the genetic disorder resulting from the absence of all or part of one X chromosome in females. (biomedcentral.com)

BACKGROUND Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of chromosome 17, band p11.2. (bmj.com)
In 2001, a deletion mutation in the gene (now known as VPS13A) localized to chromosome band 9q21 was identified as the site for the defect generating the autosomal recessive form of NA. (medscape.com)

FISH locates the presence or absence of different types of chromosomes and strands of DNA by using fluorescent probes. (psychesystems.com)
In classical banding (eg, G [Giemsa]-, Q [fluorescent]-, and C-banding), a dye is used to stain bands on the chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Preface Eukaryotic chromosomes are complex structures containing very long DNA molecules, histones, and nonhistone proteins. (pdfroom.com)

A routine karyotyping involves organizing the band into a karyogram of 23 pairs. (psychesystems.com)
Giemsa staining is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding , to staining chromosomes and is often used to generate a karyogram (chromosome map). (topfuturepoint.com)

Two other cardinal TS features, ovarian failure and short stature, as well as X chromosome inactivation pattern and subject's age, were unrelated to the TSCS score. (biomedcentral.com)

The benefits of the G-banding technique allow researchers to identify chromosome numbers and structures. (psychesystems.com)
Contents Quantitative Detection of Chromosome Structures by Computerized Microphotometric Scanning (With 8 Figures) M.E. DRETS, G.A. FOLLE, and F.l. (pdfroom.com)
ecDNA has also been described following an episome formation - structures that arise when genomic fragments are excised from a chromosome and subsequently take a circular form. (ogkologos.com)

Giemsa stain is also used to visualize chromosomes. (topfuturepoint.com)
Giemsa's solution is a mixture of methylene blue, eosin and azure B. The stain is usually prepared from commercially available Giemsa powder. (topfuturepoint.com)
The slide is immersed in freshly prepared 5% Giemsa stain solution for 20-30 min (10% solution can be used in 5-10 min in emergency), then washed with tap water and dried. (topfuturepoint.com)

Small variations in the macrostructure of the karyotypes were identified, which were quite relevant when analyzed by classical banding, fluorochromes, and FISH methods. (scielo.org)
Astyanax sp (2n = 52), in addition to variations due to heterochromatic blocks, has its origin possibly by events of centric fission in a pair of chromosomes followed by minor rearrangements.These results show an interesting karyotypic diversity in Astyanax and indicate the need of a review of the group referred as A. aff. (scielo.org)
Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)

Schweizer, D. Ambros, P. Grundler, P. Varga, F. (1978) Attempts to Relate Cytological and Molecular Chromosome Data of Arabidopsis thaliana to Its Genetic Linkage Map. (nenno.it)

It is also known that reintegration of ecDNA into a chromosome to form homogenous staining regions (HSR) have been shown to contribute to extreme intrachromosomal gene amplification. (ogkologos.com)

Genomic microarray can detect chromosomal imbalances at a much higher level of resolution than standard chromosome analysis. (arupconsult.com)

Chromosomes and hybrids. (carnivorousplants.org)
The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
The more different the chromosomes of the hybrids are the more likely hybridization will result in a speciation event. (carnivorousplants.org)

and through the analysis of mitochondrial and Y-chromosome haplogroups decipher the migratory routes as well as the time for the ancestors of this individual to reach India. (ijpsonline.com)

It was not until the early 20 th century that it was demonstrated that chromosomes contain the material of hereditary and it took until the middle 20 th century to determine that DNA in chromosomes was the principle coding molecule of heredity. (carnivorousplants.org)

61 The Use of Restriction Endonucleases to Study the Mechanisms of Chromosome Damage W.F. MORGAN, and R.A. WINEGAR. (pdfroom.com)
The mechanisms of transmission of both discontinuous and continuous characteristics across the generations were unknown before Mendel's laws were explained at the turn of the 20th Century by the behavior of chromosomes in germ cells [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyril Darlington pioneered plant cytogenetics in 1920-30 and made important advances in our understanding of mechanisms of chiasma formation and the behavior of sex chromosomes in meiosis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Band lengths are typically estimated based on FISH or other molecular markers interpreted via microscopy. (noncode.org)
Karyotyping G-Banding and FISH for chromosomes 13,18, 21, X and Y. Detailed clinical history including anomaly scan report must be submitted with sample. (blallab.com)

Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification, or MLPA, is a technique used to identify a group of genetic diseases on certain chromosomes. (psychesystems.com)

Ag-impregnation revealed the size heteromorphism of NORs that covered almost the entire short arms of the middle-sized submetacentric chromosome pair. (egejfas.org)

New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids. (wikidata.org)

The chromosome band track represents the approximate location of bands seen on Giemsa-stained chromosomes. (noncode.org)

High-resolution chromosome analysis uses special culture methods to obtain a high percentage of prophase and prometaphase spreads. (msdmanuals.com)

Since the genetic code was deciphered much has been learnt about the chromosome structure shared by all organisms from yeast to human. (biomedcentral.com)

Each chromosome consists of one very long molecule of DNA twisted around proteins. (carnivorousplants.org)

Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. (ox.ac.uk)
Particularly, Y-chromosome and mitochondrial haplogroups have helped to develop a high resolution human migration map during the past 100 000 y. (ijpsonline.com)
In human dividing cells 46 chromosomes can be observed. (carnivorousplants.org)

Giemsa stains the fungus Histoplasma , Chlamydia bacteria, and can be used for the identification of mast cells. (topfuturepoint.com)
Stains used by pathologists to identify bacteria also served to identify chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)

In vivo direct chromosome preparation (protocol for air drying technique). (egejfas.org)

Unusual molecular characteristics of a repeat sequence island within a Giemsa-positive band on the mouse X chromosome. (ox.ac.uk)
The repeat sequence island possesses two notable features that have been suggested as diagnostic features of mammalian Giemsa-positive bands. (ox.ac.uk)
The resulting recombinase-coated ssDNA filaments can invade the homologous chromosome dsDNA, searching for a complementary sequence (chromosome pairing), which will foster genetic material exchange. (nature.com)

Perhaps the best described is chromothripsis - a catastrophic mutational event that results in multiple chromosomal rearrangements - something that can affect multiple chromosomes. (ogkologos.com)

Under this generic term, all chromosome-related studies should be summarized to introduce novel ideas and concepts in biology and medicine, thus having an integrative effect on the field. (frontiersin.org)

Cytogenetics is the microscopic study and analysis of chromosomes within the nucleus. (psychesystems.com)

The analysis involves studying the structure and number of chromosomes in order to identify changes. (psychesystems.com)
Improvements in the resolution of chromosome analysis has followed closely the introduction of innovative technology. (biomedcentral.com)

Both the chromosome and probe must first be denatured in order to break the hydrogen bonds in the DNA. (psychesystems.com)

Anatomy67

Organisms10

Diseases32

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes156

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care3

Geographicals1

Karyotype12

Abnormalities8

Individual chromosomes4

Cytogenetic5

Translocations1

Meiotic3

Deletions1

Long arm of chromosome2

Wright-Giemsa1

Genome9

Aberrations3

Patterns1

Species9

Constitutive heterochromatin1

AgNORs1

Genes10

Complement2

Somatic1

Polytene1

Fluorescence1

Quinacrine1

Replication1

Centromere1

Monosomy1

Deletion2

Fluorescent2

Eukaryotic1

Karyogram2

Inactivation1

Structures3

Stain3

Variations3

Cytological1

Regions1

Genomic1

Hybrids3

Decipher1

Heredity1

Mechanisms3

FISH2

Genetic diseases1

Pair1

Differential1

Represents1

Methods1

Organisms1

Consists1

Human3

Bacteria2

Technique1

Sequence3

Rearrangements1

Studies1

Study1

Analysis2

Probe1