Genome yersinia pestis. Medical search. Frequent questions

We present the complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM, the etiologic agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. (nih.gov)
that, in the investigation of late medieval plague, partial sequencing of the Yersinia pestis pPCP1 plasmid yielded the observation of a 3-T homopolymeric tract which differed from the 5-T homopolymeric tract of the Orientalis Y. pestis CO92 type strain ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Drancourt M , Roux V , Dang LV , Tran-Hung L , Castex D , Chenal-Francisque V , Genotyping, Orientalis-like Yersinia pestis , and plague pandemics. (cdc.gov)
Parkhill J , Wren BW , Thomson NR , Titball RW , Holden MT , Prentice MB , Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of plague. (cdc.gov)
In addition to Yersinia pestis , our analyses succeeded in identifying a disease of the treponemal family, Treponema pallidum pertenue (yaws), in one of the four confirmed plague victims. (nature.com)
Y. pestis was discovered in 1894 by Alexandre Yersin, a Swiss/French physician and bacteriologist from the Pasteur Institute, during an epidemic of the plague in Hong Kong. (wikipedia.org)
NIAID-supported investigators sequenced the genome of the strain of Yersinia pestis that was associated with the second pandemic of plague, including the Black Death. (nih.gov)
Did Yersinia pestis really cause Black Plague? (scienceblogs.com)
Despite its reputation as a scourge of antiquity, Yersinia pestis --the bacterium that causes bubonic plague-- still causes thousands of human illnesses every year . (scienceblogs.com)
When Y. pestis was first confirmed as the cause of bubonic plague during an 1894 outbreak in Hong Kong , most people assumed that we also now knew the cause of the 14th-century Black Death, and the later plague outbreaks that resurfaced periodically. (scienceblogs.com)
More recently, we've been able to test these claims, using paleomicrobiology to look for molecular evidence of Y. pestis in skeletons that presumably died of plague. (scienceblogs.com)
Two of the authors (SW and JM) have previously argued that the epidemiology, virulence, and population dynamics of the Black Death were too different from those factors of modern yersinial plague to have been caused by Y. pestis (13). (scienceblogs.com)
Aerosolized Y pestis, causing primary pneumonic plague, has been recognized by bioterrorism experts as having one of the highest potentials as a bioterrorism agent due to its extremely high mortality, its high uptake into enzootic and epizootic animals as well as humans, and its ability to be spread over a large area. (medscape.com)
It can harbor fleas infected with Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus. (medscape.com)
The study, carried out by scientists at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health, determined that specific genomic variants that cause a disease called familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) may also confer increased resilience to the plague. (nih.gov)
One such microbe is Yersinia pestis , the bacterial agent responsible for a series of well-documented bubonic plague epidemics that led to over 50 million deaths. (nih.gov)
The team turned to Yersinia pestis , the infamous bubonic plague-causing bacterium, as a possible candidate for driving the evolutionary selection for FMF mutations in the Mediterranean population. (nih.gov)
My current interests are directed towards large-scale sequencing and phylogenomic studies investigating major public health threats, such as the causative agents of plague and cholera, Yersinia pestis and Vibrio cholerae , and the dominant cause of food-borne disease in North America, Escherichia coli O157:H7. (utsa.edu)
Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. (lshtm.ac.uk)
The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of the systemic invasive infectious disease classically referred to as plague, and has been responsible for three human pandemics: the Justinian plague (sixth to eighth centuries), the Black Death (fourteenth to nineteenth centuries) and modern plague (nineteenth century to the present day). (lshtm.ac.uk)
The recent identification of strains resistant to multiple drugs and the potential use of Y. pestis as an agent of biological warfare mean that plague still poses a threat to human health. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Molecular signatures of Yersinia pestis were recently identified in prehistoric Eurasian individuals, thus suggesting Y. pestis might have caused some form of plague in humans prior to the first historically documented pandemic. (biorxiv.org)
doi:10.1038/ng.705, suggested a common origin for the Plague of Justinian and later pandemics of plague in the bacterial agent Yersinia pestis originating in China. (historyofinformation.com)
One night, when he was alone in his office going through lines and lines of data, he spotted it: DNA of the plague-causing bacteria, Yersinia pestis . (medscape.com)
Evolutionary pressure to survive the bubonic plague may have selected for genetic mutations that protect certain Mediterranean populations from being infected by the infamous Yersinia pestis , the bacterium behind the plague. (nih.gov)
Being able to survive the plague may also be the reason for today's prevalence of another ancient disease-familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)-National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) researchers recently reported. (nih.gov)
Yersinia pestis a Gram-negative bacterium that is the cause of plague. (damasgate.com)
First, we will review the etiological agent of the bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, a pathogen that has caused several pandemics throughout human history. (ull.es)
Based on this feature, medical historians today assume the disease was an unusually aggressive outbreak of bubonic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis . (scienceinschool.org)
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, is one of the most lethal pathogens in recorded human history. (rcsb.org)
The genus Yersinia includes a large variety of nonpathogenic and life-threatening pathogenic bacteria, which cause a broad spectrum of diseases in humans and animals, such as plague, enteritis, Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF), and enteric redmouth disease. (hal.science)
IMPORTANCE The expanding genus Yersinia is composed of multiple nonpathogenic species and a few pathogenic species, including the deadly etiologic agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. (hal.science)

Although ancient DNA investigations have strongly implicated Y. pestis 2 , 3 in the ancient pandemic, genetic changes in the bacterium may be partially responsible for differences in disease manifestation and severity. (nature.com)
formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium without spores that is related to both Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the pathogen from which Y. pestis evolved and responsible for the Far East scarlet-like fever. (wikipedia.org)
Y. pestis is a non-motile coccobacillus, a facultative anaerobic bacterium with bipolar staining (giving it a safety pin appearance) that produces an antiphagocytic slime layer. (wikipedia.org)
The disease is caused by a coccobacillus-shaped, gram negative bacterium referred to as Yersinia pestis. (medscape.com)
Three studies have shown that this bacterium emerged from the gut pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis shortly after the first epidemic. (medscape.com)
The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
formerly Pasteurella pestis ) is a gram-negative , non-motile , coccobacillus bacterium without spores that is related to both Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica . (mdwiki.org)
Humans have rarely encountered an enemy as devastating as the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. (infiniteunknown.net)

Y. pestis is a recently evolved descendent of the soil-dwelling bacillus Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 7 , which in the course of its evolution acquired two additional plasmids (pMT1 and pPCP1) that provide it with specialized mechanisms for infiltrating mammalian hosts. (nature.com)
Its closest relatives are the gastrointestinal pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and, more distantly, Yersinia enterocolitica. (wikipedia.org)
Like Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica, Y. pestis is host to the plasmid pCD1. (wikipedia.org)
Y. pestis is thought to be descended from Y. pseudotuberculosis, differing only in the presence of specific virulence plasmids. (wikipedia.org)
Among them was Yersinia-specific (also present in Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica) Ysr141 (Yersinia small RNA 141). (wikipedia.org)
Y. pestis is a recently emerged clone of Y. pseudotuberculosis. (historyofinformation.com)

Genetic architecture and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the ancient organism is ancestral to most extant strains and sits very close to the ancestral node of all Y. pestis commonly associated with human infection. (nature.com)
Temporal estimates suggest that the Black Death of 1347-1351 was the main historical event responsible for the introduction and widespread dissemination of the ancestor to all currently circulating Y. pestis strains pathogenic to humans, and further indicates that contemporary Y. pestis epidemics have their origins in the medieval era. (nature.com)
The KIM genome sequence was compared with that of Y. pestis CO92, biovar Orientalis, revealing homologous sequences but a remarkable amount of genome rearrangement for strains so closely related. (nih.gov)
We further tested a Y. pestis isolate collection comprising 2 Antiqua, 6 Medievalis, and 4 Orientalis strains. (cdc.gov)
Typing modern or ancient Y. pestis strains should not rely on poly (A) and poly (T) homopolymeric tracts sequencing. (cdc.gov)
citation needed] Several complete genome sequences are available for various strains and subspecies of Y. pestis: strain KIM (of biovar Y. p. medievalis), and strain CO92 (of biovar Y. p. orientalis, obtained from a clinical isolate in the United States). (wikipedia.org)
At the time, the papers got press not necessarily because of what they explained, but because the ancient Y. pestis strains looked fairly ordinary --there was nothing obvious to suggest why, from the bacterial point of view, the Black Death was so deadly. (scienceblogs.com)
We show that all currently investigated LNBA strains form a single genetic clade in the Y. pestis phylogeny that appears to be extinct today. (biorxiv.org)
7 In turn, as Y. pestis adapted to rely on its new blood-feeding host for transmission, the emergence of more deadly bacterial strains would have been favoured. (stferdinandiii.com)
Early divergent strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 years ago. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It turns out that this ancient Yersinia pestis strain is very close to the common ancestor of all modern strains that can infect humans," he said. (infiniteunknown.net)

The differences appear to result from multiple inversions of genome segments at insertion sequences, in a manner consistent with present knowledge of replication and recombination. (nih.gov)
BLAST analysis ( http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast.cgi ) indicated that the 5-T homopolymeric tract has been found only once in the Y. pestis CO92 strain ( 4 ) and in none of 22 modern and 11 ancient sequences ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
Wiechmann I , Harbeck M , Grupe G . Yersinia pestis DNA sequences in late medieval skeletal finds, Bavaria. (cdc.gov)
In it, we described the detection of several Yersinia pestis -specific plasmid pPCP1 DNA sequences in skeletal remains from a late medieval mass burial in Bavaria, Germany. (cdc.gov)
DNA-arrays (or DNA-chips or microarrays) are flat slabs of glass, silicon or plastic onto which thousands of multiple short single-stranded (ss) DNA sequences (corresponding to small regions of a genome) have been attached. (collectf.org)
Genofunc: genome annotation and identification of genome features for automated pipelining analysis of virus whole genome sequences. (cdc.gov)
The genome is unusually rich in insertion sequences and displays anomalies in GC base-composition bias, indicating frequent intragenomic recombination. (lshtm.ac.uk)
GIB (Genome Information Broker for Microbial Genomes) provides a comprehensive view of the complete microbial genome sequences. (nig.ac.jp)
Assignment of Homology to Genome Sequences using a Library of Hidden Markov Models that Represent all Proteins of Known Structure. (cam.ac.uk)

In 1 of these sequence sections, we found a deviation from the reference sequence used ( Y. pestis strain CO92 plasmid sequence AL109969.1). (cdc.gov)
Gain/loss and insertion/deletion are relative to the CO92 reference genome. (medscape.com)
Here we report the complete genome sequence of Y. pestis strain CO92, consisting of a 4.65-megabase (Mb) chromosome and three plasmids of 96.2 kilobases (kb), 70.3 kb and 9.6 kb. (lshtm.ac.uk)

In 2006 the genome sequence of a strain of biovar Antiqua was completed. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] A comprehensive and comparative proteomics analysis of Y. pestis strain KIM was performed in 2006. (wikipedia.org)
Determination of the DNA genome sequence of this strain has been or is being determined either in whole or in part. (nih.gov)
A comprehensive and comparative proteomics analysis of Y. pestis strain KIM was performed in 2006, [20] the analysis focused on the transition to a growth condition mimicking growth in host cells. (mdwiki.org)
Brachyspira intermedia can cause production losses in chickens and strain PWS/A T now becomes the fourth genome to be completed in the genus Brachyspira . (biomedcentral.com)
It suggests they were either caused by a Yersinia pestis strain that is completely extinct and it didn't leave any descendants which are still around today or it was caused by a different pathogen that we have no information about yet," said Professor Krause. (infiniteunknown.net)

Current research projects include identifying genes in Y. pestis that infect the digestive tract of fleas and researching how the bacteria are transferred to humans. (nih.gov)
NIAID is also studying the disease-causing proteins and genes of Y. pestis that allow the bacteria to grow in humans and learning how they function in human lungs. (nih.gov)
Conclusion: Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out screening technology combined with highthroughput sequencing analysis identified genes that potentially relate to prostate tumor invasion and metastasis. (benthamscience.com)
The study and comparison of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes and their nucleotide sequence and organization, is called genomics. (americascupmagazine.com)
Within the Brachyspira genomes, genes had been translocated and also frequently switched between leading and lagging strands, a process that can be followed by different AT-skews in the third positions of synonymous codons. (biomedcentral.com)
Researchers hypothesize that key chromosomal genes (i.e. involved in metabolic pathways) were inactivated/lost in changing from a soil-inhabiting Yersinia to a pathogenic Yersinia species. (stferdinandiii.com)
6 These incomplete/inactivated genes or 'pseudogenes' are an important feature of the Y. pestis genome. (stferdinandiii.com)
Y. pestis appears to have been a relatively harmless gut pathogen until about 1,500 years ago when it picked up genes that allowed it to colonize fleas and to mul- tiply in the bloodstream of humans. (damasgate.com)
For streamlined access to structural and functional properties, it directly links each gene to GenBank, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), UniProt, InterPro, IntAct, and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and each experiment to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), or the Proteomics Identifications Database (PRIDE). (hal.science)
G3 Genes, Genomes, Genetics 4(2): 277-295. (vassar.edu)

No amplification was obtained in DNA-free PCR mix and 5 Y. enterocolitica -negative control isolates, whereas sequencing yielded a 3-T homopolymeric tract in all 12 Y. pestis isolates. (cdc.gov)
Whole genome sequencing may also be performed on positive isolates. (nih.gov)

Jensen A , Scholz CFP , Kilian M . Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus based on whole genome phylogenetic analyses, and proposed reclassification of Streptococcus dentisani as Streptococcus oralis subsp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Hantaviruses are a genus in the family Bunyaviridae, which are lipid-enveloped viruses with a negative-stranded RNA genome composed of three unique segments. (cdc.gov)

These findings support the notion that factors other than microbial genetics, such as environment, vector dynamics and host susceptibility, should be at the forefront of epidemiological discussions regarding emerging Y. pestis infections. (nature.com)
Analysis of microbial genomes has contributed to the development of new antibiotics, diagnostic tools, vaccines, medical treatments, and environmental cleanup techniques. (americascupmagazine.com)

To investigate potential evolutionary changes in one of these plasmids, we reported on the screening of 46 teeth and 53 bones from the East Smithfield collection of London, England for presence of the Y. pestis -specific pPCP1 (ref. 3 ). (nature.com)
It also hosts two other plasmids, pPCP1 (also called pPla or pPst) and pMT1 (also called pFra) that are not carried by the other Yersinia species. (wikipedia.org)
Together, these plasmids, and a pathogenicity island called HPI, encode several proteins that cause the pathogenesis for which Y. pestis is famous. (wikipedia.org)
Long read genome assemblers struggle with small plasmids. (cdc.gov)
Its genome has been sequenced and found to consist of a 4.65 Mb chromosome and three plasmids of 96.2 kb, 70.3 kb, and 9.6 kb. (damasgate.com)
A sequence comparison of the seven DNA regions showed that both types were closely related to IncA/C plasmids found in Escherichia , Salmonella , Yersinia , Photobacterium , Vibrio and Aeromonas . (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmids are part of the flexible genome, which is defined by the high plasticity and modularity of its genetic elements and high rates of gene acquisition and loss [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Similar to other Yersinia species, it tests negative for urease, lactose fermentation, and indole. (wikipedia.org)
The Yop-Ysc T3SS is a critical component of virulence for Yersinia species. (wikipedia.org)
Humans are one of about 200 mammalian species that are susceptible hosts to Y. pestis infections, and under certain conditions that we don't fully understand yet, the disease can pass from rodents to humans. (scienceinschool.org)
Yersiniomics contains a curated multi-omics database at its core, gathering 200 genomic, 317 transcriptomic, and 62 proteomic data sets for Yersinia species. (hal.science)
We developed Yersiniomics, an interactive web-based platform, to centralize and analyze omics data sets on Yersinia species. (hal.science)

Yersinia is named in honor of Alexander Yersin, who successfully isolated the bacteria in 1894 during the pandemic that began in China in the 1860s. (medscape.com)
They've been hunting for - and finding - DNA of centuries-old microbes in various archeological samples: from smallpox variola virus and M tuberculosis in mummified tissues, to the Black Death bacteria, Yesinia pestis , in neolithic teeth, to P falciparum preserved in historical blood stains. (medscape.com)

Thus, the genome is constant, but the proteome varies and is dynamic within an organism. (americascupmagazine.com)

pFra codes for a phospholipase D that is important for the ability of Y. pestis to be transmitted by fleas. (wikipedia.org)
7 By acquiring this last gene from another organism, Y. pestis made a crucial shift in its host range, allowing it to survive in fleas, and devolved to relying on its blood-feeding host for transmission. (stferdinandiii.com)

It came from analyzing publicly available DNA data from studies of ancient human genomes. (medscape.com)

2] Three biovars (with minor genetic variations) have been identified within the Y pestis clone: Antiqua, Medievalis, and Orientalis. (medscape.com)

Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The KIM and E. coli K-12 genome proteins were also compared, exposing surprising amounts of locally colinear "backbone," or synteny, that is not discernible at the nucleotide level. (nih.gov)

DNA sequence data for five teeth obtained via molecular capture of the full Y. pestis -specific pPCP1 revealed a C to T damage pattern characteristic of authentic endogenous ancient DNA 9 , and assembly of the pooled Illumina reads permitted the reconstruction of 98.68% of the 9.6-kilobase plasmid at a minimum of twofold coverage 3 . (nature.com)
Raoult D , Aboudharam G , Crubézy E , Larrouy G , Ludes B , Drancourt M . Molecular identification by "suicide PCR" of Yersinia pestis as the agent of medieval Black Death. (cdc.gov)
Development of a New Generation of Preparations for Diagnostics, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Yersinia Using the Latest Discoveries in the Study of Molecular Mechanisms of their Immunopathogenicity. (nih.gov)
We design baits that match parts of the genetic code of the Y. pestis target we are looking for and go fishing in our giant molecular haystack, pulling out fragments that match. (scienceinschool.org)

Targeted enrichment of ancient pathogens yielding the pPCP1 plasmid of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death. (scienceblogs.com)
A third gene (carried on plasmid pMT1) produces murine toxin, an enzyme required for the initial survival of Y. pestis bacilli in the flea midgut (table 1). (stferdinandiii.com)

Like most clinically relevant microorganisms, Yersinia spp. (hal.science)

Comparisons against modern genomes reveal no unique derived positions in the medieval organism, indicating that the perceived increased virulence of the disease during the Black Death may not have been due to bacterial phenotype. (nature.com)

To evaluate the suitability of capture-based methods for reconstructing the complete ancient genome, multiple DNA extracts from both roots and crowns stemming from four of the five teeth which yielded the highest pPCP1 coverage 3 were used for array-based enrichment (Agilent) and subsequent high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina GAII platform 10 . (nature.com)

Reference: Genome Sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM, J. Bacteriol. (nig.ac.jp)

The evidence of ongoing genome fluidity, expansion and decay suggests Y. pestis is a pathogen that has undergone large-scale genetic flux and provides a unique insight into the ways in which new and highly virulent pathogens evolve. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Ancient genomes reveal social and genetic structure of Late Neolithic Switzerland. (mpg.de)

Genome entropy and network centrality contrast exploration and exploitation in evolution of foodborne pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Biomarkers are currently being used to detect various forms of cancer as well as infections caused by pathogens such as Yersinia pestis and Vaccinia virus . (americascupmagazine.com)
The researchers believe the techniques they have developed in this work can be used to study the genomes of many other ancient pathogens. (infiniteunknown.net)

Some 63 novel putative sRNAs were identified through deep sequencing of the Y. pestis sRNA-ome. (wikipedia.org)
Palaeomicrobiology: Application of Ancient DNA sequencing to better understand bacterial genome evolution and adaptation. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Because the genome sequence data of Yersinia pestis KIM was released, we incorporated it to GIB, and now you can search those data. (nig.ac.jp)

In most cases, investigators found Y. pestis DNA. (scienceblogs.com)

Here we report a reconstructed ancient genome of Yersinia pestis at 30-fold average coverage from Black Death victims securely dated to episodes of pestilence-associated mortality in London, England, 1348-1350. (nature.com)
Here we begin this discussion by presenting the first draft genome sequence of the ancient pathogen. (nature.com)
The reference cited within is this paper , where the authors cast doubt on another group's finding of Y. pestis DNA in ancient corpses. (scienceblogs.com)
Tracking population history, social structure and intergroup exchange in Neolithic to Bronze Age Europe using ancient human and virus genomes. (mpg.de)
Interpreting our data within the context of recent ancient human genomic evidence, which suggests an increase in human mobility during the LNBA, we propose a possible scenario for the spread of Y. pestis during the LNBA: Y. pestis may have entered Europe from Central Eurasia during an expansion of steppe pastoralists, possibly persisted within Europe until the mid Bronze Age, and moved back towards Central Eurasia in subsequent human population movements. (biorxiv.org)
Ancient genomes can further elucidate streptococcal evolutionary history. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We extracted streptococcal genome reads from a 5700-year-old ancient metagenome and worked towards characterizing them. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Contextualizing the study of ancient pathogen genomes on a time scale is important to unraveling the evolutionary history of diseases, and how they have influenced human history. (ull.es)
to put the puzzle back together, giving us the reconstructed ancient genome of the disease. (scienceinschool.org)

In addition to Yersinia pestis , we detected and genomically characterized a septic infection of Treponema pallidum pertenue , a subtype of the treponemal disease family recognised as the cause of the tropical disease yaws. (nature.com)
Therefore, the discovery of new drugs is required to combat potential Y. pestis infection. (rcsb.org)

This field has great potential for future medical advances through the study of the human genome as well as the genomes of infectious organisms. (americascupmagazine.com)

Pre-Columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of New World human tuberculosis. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Discrepancies in epidemiological trends between the medieval disease and modern Y. pestis infections have ignited controversy over the pandemic's aetiologic agent 5 , 6 . (nature.com)

Microbes affect the human genome in many ways. (nih.gov)

Today, the concern is the possible misuse of Y. pestis as an agent in bioweapons and bioterrorism. (rcsb.org)

Today we still see about 2000 Y. pestis infections per year in the world, but they're nothing of the scale of the Black Death w2 . (scienceinschool.org)

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