Genome protozoan. Medical search. Frequent questions

The human body contains many microorganisms, including a large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which are referred to as the microbiota. (nih.gov)
Also known as the hologenome theory of evolution, the idea is that the object of natural selection is not the individual organism, but the holobiont, i.e. the individual organism plus its associated microbial communities which include a mind numbingly complex web of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths and fungi. (greenmedinfo.com)
Improved representation of eukaryotes, including fungi and protozoa. (bugseq.com)
The pipeline for a subset of eukaryotes which includes fungi, protozoa, and nematodes consists of propagating annotation that is submitted to the International Nucleotide Sequence Data source Collaboration (INSDC), with format standardization, to a RefSeq duplicate of the submitted genome assembly (discover Algae, Fungi, Nematodes and Protozoa). (mycareerpeer.com)
Discussion by those participating recognized that the organisms residing in the body such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast, protozoa, and archaea, along with their genomes and metabolic products, actually can be considered an organ system in their own right. (oncohemakey.com)

[ 67 , 68 ] This presents the opportunities for antiparasitic drug development since various genes coding for AQP water and solute channels have been identified in protozoan genomes. (medscape.com)
The proximity to plants of both, the Apicomplexa and the Kinetoplastida is mirrored by the presence of plant-derived genes in the nuclear genomes of the respective parasites. (medscape.com)
The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA), and often a substantial fraction of junk DNA with no evident function. (wikipedia.org)
Somewhere in its genome of more than 5,400 genes are instructions for biological machinery that can help this protozoan pest elude the human immune system for years after infection. (nih.gov)
explored transcription factors-proteins that regulate the activity of other genes -in Plasmodium 's genome with international collaborators. (nih.gov)
There are two ADAR -like genes in vertebrate genomes, encoding enzymes with unknown function. (biomedcentral.com)
The microbiome is defined as microorganisms and their genomes have been shown to contain about 100 times more genes than the human genome. (nih.gov)
Five different protists representing different algal classes isolated from the Arctic Ocean are being investigated for adaptation to perennial cold conditions and for identification of genes linked to mixotrophy-how certain microorganisms can assimilate organic compounds as carbon sources and to characterize the horizontal gene transfer events over evolutionary time of donor algal genes to the original host protozoa. (doe.gov)
TIGR determined the genome sequence of T. parva and shared in the annotation of the genome - the identification of genes and the assignment of gene functions - with scientists at ILRI. (jcvi.org)
The assembly of a draft genome sequence for E. maxima provides a resource for comparative studies with Eimeria and related parasites as demonstrated here through the identification of genes predicted to encode microneme proteins in E. maxima. (ox.ac.uk)
Comparisons with the genome of the human parasite P. falciparum and other primate malaria species defined a large set of core genes that are shared between RMPs and primate malarias [ 18 ]-[ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Each copy of the human genome consists of about 3,200,000,000 base pairs, and includes about 500,000 repeats of the LINE-1 transposable element (a LINE ) and twice as many copies of Alu (a SINE ), as compared to around 20,000 protein-coding genes. (evolverzone.com)

Most clinical isolates of T. vaginalis are persistently infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses from the genus Trichomonasvirus, family Totiviridae, which appear to influence not only protozoan biology but also human disease. (nih.gov)
ADAR1 is now known to be involved in defending the genome against viruses, and it may affect RNA interference. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-specific adenosine deamination has a role in defence against viruses that have dsRNA stages in their life-cycle [ 1 ], as hypermutation of the viral genome by adenosine-to-inosine conversion disrupts viral open reading frames. (biomedcentral.com)
These viruses were discovered initially by researchers pursuing the nature of symbiosis between algae and certain protozoa that comprise green paramecia or hydras. (gr.jp)
The RefSeq project's provision of curated and stable annotated reference genomes, transcripts, and proteins for selected viruses, microbes, organelles, and eukaryotic organisms, offers allowed researchers to focus on the best representative sequence data in contrast to the redundant data in GenBank, and to unambiguously reference specific genetic sequences. (mycareerpeer.com)

The definition of 'genome' that's commonly used in the scientific literature is usually restricted to the large chromosomal DNA molecules in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Among the thousands of completed genome sequencing projects include those for rice, a mouse, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the puffer fish, and the bacteria E. coli. (wikipedia.org)

The flagellated protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis is an obligate human genitourinary parasite and the most frequent cause of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, the microbe is a protozoan parasite. (encyclopedia.com)
This enteric protist parasite has undergone large genome streamlining and modifications in its typical eukaryotic organelles, particularly in its endomembrane system and the associated trafficking complement [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the parasite was then still thought to be a protozoan. (kenyon.edu)
The sequencing of the genome of T. parva parasite, completed by ILRI and The Institute for Genomic Research in 2005, and its publication in the scientific literature enabled scientists to thoroughly characterize the protozoan's genetic makeup, including the diversity of the parasite's antigenic molecules that provoke the cow's immune system to generate protective antibodies and killer T cells that attack and clear the parasite from the host. (ilri.org)
Sequencing, genome assembly and comparative analyses are performed in collaboration with the Parasite Genomics group of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. (embnet.org)
Scientists at TIGR and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) deciphered and analyzed the genome of the parasite, Theileria parva . (jcvi.org)
The fever is caused by the parasite Theileria parva , whose genome is analyzed in the Science paper. (jcvi.org)
Vish Nene, a former ILRI scientist who came to TIGR in 2001 to join the T. parva project, says the genome sequence provides useful information that will help scientists better understand how the parasite malignantly transforms cattle white blood cells into cancer-like cells that multiply rapidly, eventually leading to fever and death. (jcvi.org)
The genome is also helping scientists who study human malaria, which is carried by a related parasite. (jcvi.org)
Gardner, who was also the first author of the 2002 paper on the genome of the deadliest human malaria parasite, says that several of the malaria parasite's metabolic pathways that Theileria lacks are found in an intracellular structure called the apicoplast. (jcvi.org)
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. (medscape.com)
We have greatly improved the genome assemblies of Pb A and Pc AS, newly sequenced the virulent parasite P. yoelii YM genome, sequenced additional RMP isolates/lines and have characterized genotypic diversity within RMP species. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of the RMP genomes with the genome of the human malaria parasite P. falciparum and RNA-seq mapping permitted gene annotation at base-pair resolution. (biomedcentral.com)

We develop technologies to obtain high-quality genome annotation or metagenomic annotation. (umin.ac.jp)
RESULTS: We report the sequencing, assembly and annotation of the Ich macronuclear genome. (ugent.be)
Our classifier for function prediction based on cis -acting regulatory elements can also, in combination with other methods, provide the means for homology-independent annotation of trypanosomatid genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Much of the annotation of the T. parva genome was performed by two bioinformatics specialists at ILRI. (jcvi.org)
RefSeq data which includes taxonomic validation, genome annotation, buy Kaempferol comparative genomics, and scientific examining. (mycareerpeer.com)
RefSeq curators improve the quality of the database through review of QA test results, involvement in the selection of particular inputs for genome annotation processing, sequence analysis, taxonomic analysis, and practical review. (mycareerpeer.com)
Curation also helps improvements to genome annotation pipelines as content material specialists help define programmatic approaches to model both standard and atypical biology. (mycareerpeer.com)
Improvements in insight reagent quality subsequently buy Kaempferol add significant quality and reproducibility to the resultant genome annotation. (mycareerpeer.com)
NCBI staff supply the almost all RefSeq organelle genome annotation through propagation from the INSDC submission. (mycareerpeer.com)

The study of the genome is called genomics. (wikipedia.org)
Silver Age of GOLD Introduces New Features The Genomes OnLine Database makes curated microbiome metadata that follows community standards freely available and enables large-scale comparative genomics analysis initiatives. (doe.gov)
Carlos Seré, the director-general of ILRI, says that mapping the T. parva genome represents a significant step toward the ambitious goal of developing a genomics based sub-unit vaccine to control this protozoan pathogen. (jcvi.org)
Comparative microbial genomics analysis by high-throughput whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offers exquisite resolution for epidemiological investigations of infectious disease. (frontiersin.org)

12. Rapid, Selection-Free, High-Efficiency Genome Editing in Protozoan Parasites Using CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins. (nih.gov)
The researchers decided to perform a whole-genome analysis of the parasites isolated from the patient in order to find out exactly what they were dealing with. (eurekalert.org)
Unlike most well-studied protozoan parasites, Ich belongs to a phylum comprised primarily of free-living members. (ugent.be)
Treatments will elucidate diseases caused by both protozoan parasites (e.g. (edu.gh)
Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted by sandflies. (embnet.org)

Algae and plants also contain chloroplasts with a chloroplast genome. (wikipedia.org)
The laboratory host cells for Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus (PBCV-1) are Chlorella- like symbiotic algae isolated from the protozoa. (gr.jp)

Dr. Sunter will talk about the progress of the TrypTag project aiming to determine cellular localization of every protein encoded in the genome of Trypanosoma brucei . (cas.cz)
Functional RNAs, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and cis -acting RNA elements involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation, were predicted based on two independent computational analyses of the genome of Trypanosoma brucei . (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear and genome organization of Trypanosoma brucei. (ox.ac.uk)
In this article, Klaus Ersfeld, Sara Melville and Keith Gull review current understanding of the structural organization of the nucleus of Trypanosoma brucei, and summarize recent data pertinent to the organization of its genome. (ox.ac.uk)

The Human Genome Project was started in October 1990, and then reported the sequence of the human genome in April 2003, although the initial "finished" sequence was missing 8% of the genome consisting mostly of repetitive sequences. (wikipedia.org)
With advancements in technology that could handle sequencing of the many repetitive sequences found in human DNA that were not fully uncovered by the original Human Genome Project study, scientists reported the first end-to-end human genome sequence in March 2022. (wikipedia.org)
A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The development of new technologies has made genome sequencing dramatically cheaper and easier, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly. (wikipedia.org)
This collection of related protein sequences (clusters) consists of proteins derived from the annotations of whole genomes, organelles and plasmids. (nih.gov)
It is important to have its genome sequences because Coccidioides immitis, along with its relative Coccidioides posadasii, can cause a disease called Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), and it is a rare cause of meningitis, mostly in immunocompromised persons, and the disease can be fatal. (kenyon.edu)
The situation is not better for ncRNAs, as it is not clear in which region(s) in the genome they should be searched for and for what particular function the screening experiment should be designed (as opposed to cis -acting fRNA elements that occur adjacent to coding sequences and affect gene expression). (biomedcentral.com)
Despite the absence of sequences showing significant similarity to any of the members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in protozoa, experiments carried out in yeast or trypanosomatids have demonstrated that ectopic expression of some of these members alters their response to different death stimuli. (nature.com)
Because the BH3 domain is the smallest common signature in all the proteins of this family of apoptosis regulators and also because they are essential for molecular interactions between antagonistic members, we looked for sequences with significant similarity to the BH3 motif in the Leishmania infantum genome. (nature.com)
These genomes were found to be contaminated with microbial sequences and filtering impacted downstream analyses. (bugseq.com)
Whereas protein-coding regions represent about 1.5% of the genome, about half is made up LINE-1 , Alu , and other transposable element sequences. (evolverzone.com)
It simply means that one must not extrapolate without warrant from discoveries involving a small fraction of sequences to the genome as a whole. (evolverzone.com)

For instance, recent research shows that our body draws from over 90 different bacterial strains in our gut to digest the gluten proteins in wheat that our own genome does not readily enable us to break down with any efficiency. (greenmedinfo.com)

Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
Most eukaryotes are diploid, meaning that there are two copies of each chromosome in the nucleus but the 'genome' refers to only one copy of each chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Some eukaryotes have distinctive sex chromosomes such as the X and Y chromosomes of mammals so the technical definition of the genome must include both copies of the sex chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Eukaryotic genomes are even more difficult to define because almost all eukaryotic species contain nuclear chromosomes plus extra DNA molecules in the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)

Subsequent attempts to perform Babesia whole- is transmitted by hard-bodied ticks to mammalian genome sequencing on a residual blood sample ob- hosts and occasionally to humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
We provide high-quality genome sequencing by combining long-read and short-read sequencing. (umin.ac.jp)
We conduct somatic mutation analysis, Haplotype analysis, and analysis on SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) and CNV (Copy Number Variation) on the organisms having their genome sequencing completed with the cutting-edge system and technology. (umin.ac.jp)
We use the organisms having their genome sequencing completed to analyze the number of copied RNA species, stability, GuideRNAs, splicing, and IncRNA and others. (umin.ac.jp)
With the advanced genome sequencing system which enables us to sequence a single molecule or a single cell, we support to sequence ultra-low volume samples. (umin.ac.jp)
Therefore, different strains have been and are being subjected to whole-genome sequencing and metabolic profiling. (embnet.org)
One phenotypically well-characterized L. donovani strain was chosen as a reference and a de novo draft genome sequence was generated with 454 and Illumina sequencing technologies, resulting in a 35 Mbp genome distributed over 36 chromosomes. (embnet.org)
Whole genome sequencing of multiple Leishmania donovani clinical isolates provides insights into population structure and mechanisms of drug resistance. (embnet.org)
The Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing Project of Okinawan and Australian crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci . (oist.jp)
The whole genome shotgun sequencing project of the siphonous green alga, Caulerpa lentillifera . (oist.jp)
Genome sequencing of Chlorella sp. (oist.jp)
The whole genome shotgun sequencing project of the acoel flatworm, Praesagittifera naikaiensis . (oist.jp)
Sometimes genome sequencing articles exhibit misunderstanding of what "early branching" actually means, but I must give kudos to Srivastava et al. (evolverzone.com)

[7] Apicomplexa generally have a single mitochondrion, as well as another endosymbiont-derived organelle called the apicoplast which maintains a separate 35 kilobase circular genome (with the exception of Cryptosporidium species and Gregarina niphandrodes which lack an apicoplast). (eol.org)
Development of SMG and NGS approaches to characterise genomes of clinical and veterinary isolates of Cryptosporidium spp. (aber.ac.uk)

Capsid-spanning channels at the 5-fold axes are unusually wide and may facilitate release of the viral genome, promoting dsRNA-dependent immunoinflammatory responses, as recently shown upon the exposure of human cervicovaginal epithelial cells to either TVV-infected T. vaginalis or purified TVV1 virions. (nih.gov)

As detailed in reports, high confidence reflects that BugSeq obtained a complete or near complete genome for the organism and therefore judges it unlikely that there are factors predicting AMR which were missed. (bugseq.com)

When referring to the standard reference genome of humans, for example, it consists of one copy of each of the 22 autosomes plus one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
They are hidden by default as the assembly is compared against the reference genome, so mismatches are often the result of strain variation. (bugseq.com)

We summarize our approach to utilizing obtainable RNA-Seq and additional data types in our manual curation process for vertebrate, plant, and additional species, and describe a new direction for prokaryotic genomes and protein name management. (mycareerpeer.com)

The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae, completed by a team at The Institute for Genomic Research in 1995. (wikipedia.org)
The first genome sequence for an archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, was completed in 1996, again by The Institute for Genomic Research. (wikipedia.org)
We used genomic and transcriptomic data from several Fornicata species to clarify the evolutionary genome streamlining observed in Giardia, as well as to detect any divergent orthologs of the Fornicata ESCRT subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
In this scenario, it is conspicuous that, with a single exception, no coding sequence for any member of the Bcl-2 family has been found to date in the genomic databases of protozoa. (nature.com)
Leading experts discuss advances in fine-tuning the WGS laboratory workflows and bioinformatics for analyzing viral, bacterial, and protozoan genomic data as well as best available WGS data sharing and vizualization tools for infectious disease surveillance and control. (frontiersin.org)
Complete RMP genomes, RNA-seq and genotypic diversity data are excellent and important resources for gene-function and post-genomic analyses and to better interrogate Plasmodium biology. (biomedcentral.com)

The genomes of many organisms have been sequenced and various regions have been annotated. (wikipedia.org)
20. Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms. (nih.gov)

Phylogenetic analysis of the known protozoan AQPs, such as those of the Plasmodium species, of T. brucei and, in part, of Leishmania species clearly fall into the branch of aquaglyceroporins represented by the prototypical E. coli GlpF. (medscape.com)
Draft RMP genomes have been published for Plasmodium yoelii , P. berghei ANKA ( Pb A) and P. chabaudi AS ( Pc AS). (biomedcentral.com)
The fragmented nature of the genomes has hampered genome wide analysis of Plasmodium gene regulation and function. (biomedcentral.com)

Most textbooks make a distinction between the nuclear genome and the organelle (mitochondria and chloroplast) genomes so when they speak of, say, the human genome, they are only referring to the genetic material in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)

A genome sequence is the complete list of the nucleotides (A, C, G, and T for DNA genomes) that make up all the chromosomes of an individual or a species. (wikipedia.org)
The complete genetic complement contained in a set of CHROMOSOMES in a protozoan. (nih.gov)

Although availability of these genomes made a significant impact on recent malaria research, these genomes were highly fragmented and were annotated with little manual curation. (biomedcentral.com)

The ciliate Oxytricha trifallax possesses a complex pair of genomes, and massive DNA rearrangements produce a highly fragmented but functional somatic macronucleus from a complex germline micronucleus. (nih.gov)

We have produced RNA-seq data and utilised it to improve gene-model prediction and to provide quantitative, genome-wide, data on gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
An assessment on epitope prediction methods for protozoa genomes. (ufop.br)

hydrogenosomes evolved polyphyletically from mitochondria long afterwards, the persistence of their double envelope long after their genomes disappeared being a striking instance of membrane heredity. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The genome assembly MVIv1.0 is 952 Mbp long and consists of 4538 scaffolds with N50 =2.17. (oist.jp)

Crohn's disease loci are common targets of protozoa-driven selection. (cdc.gov)

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
More generally, it has been known for more than 50 years that the total quantity of DNA in the genome is linked to nucleus size, cell size, cell division rate, and a wide range of organism-level characteristics that derive from these cytological features. (evolverzone.com)
On this basis alone, one would expect to see consequences for the organism if a large quantity of non-coding DNA were eliminated from or added to the genome, even if most of the particular elements in question were neutral or detrimental under normal circumstances. (evolverzone.com)

The next year, Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. (wikipedia.org)

We support single cell genome analysis, metagenome analysis, and hologenome analysis, and comparative metagenomic analysis on the various samples. (umin.ac.jp)

EmaxDB: Availability of a first draft genome sequence for the apicomplexan Eimeria maxima. (ox.ac.uk)

The 425-Mb genome (3,830 scaffolds with contig N50 in 56 kbp and scaffold N50 in 294 kbp) was sequenced from male gon. (oist.jp)

Preliminary genome analyses identified a number of SNPs and structural changes that may contribute to the resistant phenotype, and the first metabolome analyses of the same samples revealed a significant difference in metabolites between drug susceptible and drug resistant strains. (embnet.org)

NIH institutes and centers hosting fellows include the NIH Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). (nih.gov)
Spironucleus Vortens is the correct name for the protozoa we all know as Hexamita, When this protozoa was first seen in Cichlids it was diagnosed as the human infecting protozoa Hexamita. (slcaquatics.org)
However, most of those in the human genome are no longer mobile, and it is possible that many of these persist as commensal freeloaders. (evolverzone.com)

The Apicomplexa comprise the bulk of what used to be called the Sporozoa , a group of parasitic protozoans, in general without flagella, cilia, or pseudopods. (eol.org)

ILRI's involvement in the genome project supported the establishment of its bioinformatics unit," says Richard Bishop, the lead ILRI scientist on the genome project. (jcvi.org)

We develop technologies to conduct integrative analysis on a large amount of multi-omics data obtained by genome analysis and RNA analysis. (umin.ac.jp)
We develop advanced informatics technologies to support scientific proposals that require very high level analysis technology in the field of genome science. (umin.ac.jp)
However, there has been no genome-wide analysis for identification of fRNAs in trypanosomatids. (biomedcentral.com)
This first genome-wide analysis of fRNAs in trypanosomatids restricts the search space of experimental approaches and, thus, can significantly expedite the process of characterization of these elements. (biomedcentral.com)

The genome project of Hydra viridissima strain A99 H. viridissima is the most basal species in the genus Hydra, and a symbiotic species that establishes a mutualistic relationship with mi. (oist.jp)

In December 2013, scientists first sequenced the entire genome of a Neanderthal, an extinct species of humans. (wikipedia.org)

This initiative encourages the discovery, preclinical development and/or validation of novel interventions for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by select anaerobic protozoa (amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis and diseases caused by free-living amoebae). (nih.gov)

7. Delivery of CRISPR-Cas12a Ribonucleoprotein Complex for Genome Editing in an Embryogenic Citrus Cell Line. (nih.gov)

Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)

Anatomy16

Organisms75

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes91

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science12

Health Care2

Fungi5

Genes12

Viruses5

Bacteria2

Parasite14

Annotation9

Genomics4

Parasites5

Algae2

Trypanosoma4

Sequences12

Proteins1

Eukaryotes4

Eukaryotic1

Sequencing13

Cryptosporidium2

Viral genome1

Complete genome1

Reference genome2

Vertebrate1

Genomic6

Organisms2

Plasmodium3

Nuclear1

Chromosomes2

Manual curation1

Highly fragmented1

Prediction2

Mitochondria1

Consists1

Targets1

Organism3

Base pairs1

Comparative1

Draft1

Contig1

Analyses1

Human3

Parasitic1

Bioinformatics1

Analysis4

Genus1

Species1

Diseases caused1

Complex1

Evolution1