Genetic syndrome from maturation sertoli cell only syndrome. Medical search. Frequent questions

As an example, Klinefelter syndrome is characterized by SCO and Leydig cell hyperplasia. (medscape.com)
DICER1 syndrome is also associated with tumors in the ovaries known as Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which typically develop in affected women in their teens or twenties. (medlineplus.gov)
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors usually do not metastasize. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result of sex steroid secretion, peripheral causes of PPP include ovarian cysts and ovarian tumors that increase circulating estradiol, such as granulosa cell tumors, which would cause isosexual PPP and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors that secrete testosterone, which can result in contrasexual PPP. (medscape.com)
Spermatogenesis depends from intratesticular and extratesticular hormonal regulatory processes and functions of the intertubular microvasculature, the Leydig cells and other cellular components of the intertubular space. (biomedcentral.com)
The lobules consist of the seminiferous tubules and intertubular tissue, containing groups of endocrine Leydig cells and additional cellular elements. (biomedcentral.com)
Leydig cell aplasia occurs when congenital absence of Leydig cells causes partially developed or ambiguous external genitals. (msdmanuals.com)
5. Preserved seminiferous tubule integrity with spermatogonial survival and induction of Sertoli and Leydig cell maturation after long-term organotypic culture of prepubertal human testicular tissue. (nih.gov)
LH stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which in turn stimulates the semi-niferous tubules to produce sperm. (nursesnotehelp.com)
In the testis, Cx43 containing gap junction channels connect the Leydig as well as the Sertoli cells and loss of Cx43 seems to impair spermatogenesis [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects are similar to that of LH (stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone). (medscape.com)
LH then signals the Leydig cells in the testicles to produce testosterone, while FSH promotes spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production. (secec.org)
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of GDM on the development of mouse fetal Leydig and Sertoli cells. (researchgate.net)
Leydig and Sertoli cell development and functions were evaluated by investigating serum testosterone levels, cell number and distribution, genes, and protein expression. (researchgate.net)
Fetal Leydig cell number was also decreased in testes of GDM offspring by delaying the commitment of stem Leydig cells into the Leydig cell lineage. (researchgate.net)
Testosterone secretion by the Leydig cells (interstitial cells) of the testis is necessary for spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules capable of producing sperm. (med-life.net)
LH (in males sometimes called "interstitial cell-stimulating hormone") stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone. (med-life.net)
In the " Sertoli cell only syndrome ," testicular tubules are abnormal but Leydig cells are normal. (med-life.net)
In acquired gonadal failure (due to destruction of the testicular tubules by infection, radiation, or other agents), the FSH level is often (but not always) elevated, whereas LH and testosterone levels are often normal (unless the degree of testis destruction is sufficient to destroy most of the Leydig cells, a very severe change). (med-life.net)
Ontogeny of mouse Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells from embryonic day 10 to adulthood. (ucsf.edu)

Testicular failure includes absence of failure production and low production and maturation arrest during the process of spermatogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
These cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) released by the hypothalamus, which helps to promote spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
A study investigating the PRPS2 protein found that PRPS2 expression was significantly greater in patients with SCO syndrome than in those with normal spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
Taniguchi and colleagues reported that while hOvol1 and hOvol2 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the testes of patients capable of spermatogenesis, they were not detected in those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. (medscape.com)
Spermatogenesis is the origin and development of the sperm cells within the male reproductive organs, the testes . (planbwellness.com)
[ 2 ] Although boys with CHH achieve virilization with exogenous testosterone, testicular maturation and induction of spermatogenesis require treatment with gonadotropins or pulsatile GnRH. (medscape.com)
The condition is seen in 49-93% of men with azoospermia.Testicular failure includes absence of failure production as well as low production and maturation arrest during the process of spermatogenesis. (ndayurveda.com)
This hormone is essential for spermatogenesis , which is the formation and maturation of sperm cells in the testes. (spermcountreport.com)
Throughout spermatogenesis multiplication, maturation and differentiation of germ cells results in the formation of the male gamete. (biomedcentral.com)
The understanding of spermatogenesis needs detailed informations about the organization of the germinal epithelium, the structure and function of different types of germ cells, endocrine and paracrine cells and mechanisms, intratesticular and extratesticular regulation of spermatogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The profound knowledge of the complicate process of spermatogenesis and all cells or cell systems involved with is the prerequisite to develop concepts for therapy of male infertility or to handle germ cells in the management of assisted reproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
The complete process of germ cell development is called spermatogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
16. Donor spermatogenesis in de novo formed seminiferous tubules from transplanted testicular cells in rhesus monkey testis. (nih.gov)
While in males, FSH activation of FSHR in testicular Sertoli cells regulates spermatogenesis ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Causes for testicular failure include congenital issues such as in certain genetic conditions (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Serum inhibin-B weakly indicates presence of sperm cells in the testes, raising chances for successfully achieving pregnancy through testicular sperm extraction (TESE), although the association is not very substantial, having a sensitivity of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-0.74) and a specificity of 0.83 (CI: 0.64-0.93) for prediction the presence of sperm in the testes in non-obstructive azoospermia. (wikipedia.org)
We aimed to analyze TLs in spermatogenic cells from the testicular biopsy samples of azoospermic patients and determine how this parameter influences embryo competence for pre- and post-implantation development. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the length of telomeres in spermatogenic cells can be considered as a potential prognostic criterion in assessing the competence of testicular-sperm-derived embryos for pre- and post-implantation development. (bvsalud.org)
10. DMRT1 repression using a novel approach to genetic manipulation induces testicular dysgenesis in human fetal gonads. (nih.gov)
FSH is necessary for testicular function because it stimulates seminiferous tubule (Sertoli cell) development. (med-life.net)
A woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) has a nearly normal female body despite a 46XY karyotype and testes, a condition termed testicular feminization in the past. (t-vox.org)
Results were compared to human testicular biopsies at different stages of seminoma development via immunohistochemistry to confirm the cell lines' representativeness. (biomedcentral.com)

Ten years ago, it was hypothesized that exposure of the developing male fetus to environmental estrogens may be responsible for anomalies of sexual maturation and reproductive function in adult life ( Anonymous 1995 ). (nih.gov)
Delayed Puberty Delayed puberty is absence of sexual maturation at the expected time. (msdmanuals.com)
The production of these hormones increases gradually until sexual maturation is met. (wikipedia.org)

Sertoli-cell-only (SCO) syndrome, also called germ cell aplasia or Del Castillo syndrome, describes a condition of the testes in which only Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubules. (medscape.com)
Abnormal growth of testes which could be congenital or be an effect of genetic abnormalities. (indoreinfertilityclinic.com)
Chromosomal abnormalities like Klinefelter syndrome are associated with smaller testes and low sperm counts. (spermcountreport.com)
Starting from a self-renewing stem cell pool, male germ cells develop in the seminiferous tubules of the testes throughout life from puberty to old age. (biomedcentral.com)
The syndrome is usually identified at puberty, when inadequate sexual development is noted (typically very small, firm testes), or later, when infertility is investigated. (msdmanuals.com)
In bilateral anorchia (vanishing testes syndrome), the testes were presumably present but were resorbed before or after birth. (msdmanuals.com)
2. Dysregulation of FGFR signalling by a selective inhibitor reduces germ cell survival in human fetal gonads of both sexes and alters the somatic niche in fetal testes. (nih.gov)
GDM decreased serum testosterone levels, the anogenital distance, and the level of DHH in Sertoli cells of testes of male offspring. (researchgate.net)
Which of the cells function as endocrine gland in the testes? (rbsesolutions.com)
They are special cells which are found inside the seminiferous tubeless of testes. (rbsesolutions.com)

[ 15 , 16 ] Consequently, a decline in the high circulating levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) secreted by immature, prepubertal Sertoli cells occurs, which reflects androgen-mediated differentiation of Sertoli cells. (medscape.com)
Through this role in regulating the activity (expression) of genes, the Dicer protein is involved in many processes, including cell growth and division (proliferation) and the maturation of cells to take on specialized functions (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
These exchange properties regulate and coordinate several cell biological functions such as cell growth, differentiation and developmental processes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS, or "Androgen resistance syndrome") is a set of disorders of sexual differentiation that results from mutations of the gene encoding the androgen receptor. (t-vox.org)
Since junctional proteins within the seminiferous epithelium are involved in cell organization, differentiation and proliferation, they represent interesting candidates for investigations on intercellular adhesion and communication in context with neoplastic progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Oocyte stage-specific effects of MTOR determine granulosa cell fate and oocyte quality in mice [2] "MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a widely recognized integrator of signals and pathways key for cellular metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation. (edu.au)

After the sperm cells get to a certain level of maturity in the seminiferous tubules (as explained earlier), they move into the epididymis , a long, coiled tubal area. (planbwellness.com)

Klinefelter syndrome), some cases of cryptorchidism or Sertoli cell-only syndrome as well as acquired conditions by infection (orchitis), surgery (trauma, cancer), radiation, or other causes. (wikipedia.org)
Inadequate sperm production can be the result of primary gonadal failure (because of age, genetic cause [Klinefelter syndrome], infection, radiation, or surgical orchiectomy) or secondary gonadal failure (because of pituitary diseases). (nursesnotehelp.com)

Only when exposed to reproductive hormones like testosterone , FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), and LH (luteinizing hormone) do they mature and develop into the sperm cells you're more familiar with. (planbwellness.com)
[ 13 , 14 ] At this time, Sertoli cells also differentiate and stop proliferating, which is linked to their increased expression of androgen receptors and increasing intratesticular testosterone levels. (medscape.com)
Specifically, testosterone triggers and regulates the process of meiosis that allows sperm cell precursors to divide and develop into mature sperm. (spermcountreport.com)
Additionally, testosterone impacts the function of Sertoli cells that nurture and support sperm production. (spermcountreport.com)
Genetic abnormalities, health conditions, injuries, and lifestyle factors like smoking or alcohol use can also affect fertility independently of testosterone levels. (spermcountreport.com)
Anabolic effects refer to the role of testosterone in promoting muscle growth, bone density, and erythropoiesis, which is the production of red blood cells. (secec.org)
Of the various categories of primary gonadal insufficiency, the Klinefelter's xxy chromosome syndrome in its classic form shows normal FSH and LH gonadotropin levels during childhood, but after puberty both FSH and LH levels are elevated and the serum testosterone level is low. (med-life.net)
Occasionally patients with Klinefelter's syndrome have low-normal total serum testosterone levels (due to an increase in SHBG levels) but decreased free testosterone levels. (med-life.net)
Testosterone diffuses from the circulation into the cytoplasm of a target cell. (t-vox.org)

Recombinant human FSH (r-hFSH), given to prepubertal boys with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), may induce Sertoli cell proliferation and thereby increase sperm-producing capacity later in life. (medscape.com)
Because only 10% of the Sertoli cell number is reached within the neonatal period, proliferation of immature Sertoli cells continues in the minipuberty of infancy, and the final proliferation phase occurs in early puberty. (medscape.com)
In reproductive organs Cx43 has been shown to control proliferation of granulosa cells [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A rapidly progressive cancer of the blood and bone marrow consisting of the proliferation of abnormal myeloblasts, which are immature, dysfunctional white blood cells. (nih.gov)

most individuals with genetic changes associated with this condition never develop tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
People with DICER1 syndrome who develop tumors most commonly develop pleuropulmonary blastoma, which is characterized by tumors that grow in lung tissue or in the outer covering of the lungs (the pleura). (medlineplus.gov)
People with DICER1 syndrome are also at risk of multinodular goiter, which is enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by the growth of multiple fluid-filled or solid tumors (both referred to as nodules). (medlineplus.gov)
All patients had germ cell tumors (GCTs), with seminomatous and non-seminomatous GCTs accounting for 44.4% (n = 4) and 55.6% (n = 5) of patients, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Germ cell tumors are relatively common in young men. (biomedcentral.com)

This condition mainly affects males, although females may have mild features of the syndrome. (nih.gov)
n\nMost males with Aarskog-Scott syndrome have a shawl scrotum, in which the scrotum surrounds the penis instead of hanging below. (nih.gov)

[ 1 ] Sertoli cells help to make up the blood-testis barrier and are responsible assisting with sperm production. (medscape.com)
The FSH stimulates the Sertoli cell growth to encourage sperm production. (nursesnotehelp.com)

The anatomical abnormalities could be a result of genetic mutation or genetic abnormalities. (indoreinfertilityclinic.com)
Genetic abnormalities like Klinefelter's syndrome, Y Chromosome microdeletion etc. (indoreinfertilityclinic.com)
It is now believed that idiopathic male infertility may be associated with several previously unidentified pathological factors, which include but are not limited to endocrine disruption as a result of environmental pollution, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/sperm DNA damage, or genetic and epigenetic abnormalities [ 1753 ]. (uroweb.org)
Hand abnormalities are common in this syndrome and include short fingers (brachydactyly), curved pinky fingers (fifth finger clinodactyly), webbing of the skin between some fingers (cutaneous syndactyly), and a single crease across the palm. (nih.gov)
Other abnormalities in people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome include heart defects and a split in the upper lip (cleft lip) with or without an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate). (nih.gov)
C7175 Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities C132009 C3249 Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation An acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by blasts without evidence of maturation to more mature neutrophils. (nih.gov)

Neoplastic initiation is thought to occur in early fetal development, presumably through an interaction of genetic and environmental factors [ 7 , 8 ], but the exact cause is still unknown. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, MTOR-dependent pathways in primordial or growing oocytes differentially affected downstream processes including follicular development, sex-specific identity of early granulosa cells, maintenance of oocyte genome integrity, oocyte gene expression, meiosis, and preimplantation developmental competence. (edu.au)

[ 6 ] Massive deletions in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region of the Y chromosome, specifically in AZFb/b+c, have been found in men with SCO syndrome. (medscape.com)
Y-chromosome microdeletions are also occasionally identified as a cause of SCO syndrome. (medscape.com)
This process results in gametes that are haploid Haploid The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of chromosome is represented once. (lecturio.com)
Some investigators may perform a chromosome analysis because of possible inaccuracies in buccal smear interpretation and because some persons with Klinefelter's syndrome have cell mosaicism rather than the same chromosome pattern in all cells, or a person with findings suggestive of Klinefelter's syndrome may have a different abnormal chromosome karyotype. (med-life.net)
Since a 46,XY person has only a single X chromosome, a deleterious mutation of the androgen receptor gene on the only X chromosome can cause any of several forms of androgen insensitivity syndrome. (t-vox.org)

Prepubertal testis size comprises interstitial tissue and seminiferous cords, formed by somatic Sertoli cells enveloping spermatogonia. (medscape.com)
The germinal epithelium (Fig. 2A ) consists of cells that include different developmental stages of germ cells, namely spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. (biomedcentral.com)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) stimulates the pituitary to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH, also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone). (nursesnotehelp.com)
In females, FSH-mediated activation of its receptor expressed in ovarian granulosa cells, induces steroidogenesis and stimulates growth of the follicle. (frontiersin.org)

During the lung inflammation, neurohumoral mediators and oxidants act on endothelial cells to induce intercellular gaps permissive for transudation of proteinaceous fluid from blood into the interstitium [2] . (ixcellsbiotech.com)

1. Irinotecan metabolite SN38 results in germ cell loss in the testis but not in the ovary of prepubertal mice. (nih.gov)
3. Irradiation affects germ and somatic cells in prepubertal monkey testis xenografts. (nih.gov)

The pathophysiology of McCune-Albright syndrome is autoactivation of the G-protein leading to activation of ovarian tissue that results in formation of large ovarian cysts and extreme elevations in serum estradiol as well as the potential production of other hormones, e.g., thyrotoxicosis, excess growth hormone (acromegaly), and Cushing syndrome. (medscape.com)

Most cases of SCO syndrome are idiopathic. (medscape.com)

[ 2 ] Approximately half of patients with CHH exhibit impaired sense of smell, a condition termed Kallmann syndrome (KS), and the other half have normosmic HH. (medscape.com)

For example, Sertoli cells secrete anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), which helps to ensure regression of müllerian ducts as a fetus develops into a male. (medscape.com)

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare and heterogeneous genetic disorder diagnosed typically in adolescence due to delayed puberty. (medscape.com)

Elevated pituitary gonadotropin levels should be further investigated by a buccal smear for sex chromatin to elevate the possibility of Klinefelter's syndrome. (med-life.net)

The primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC), also termed as Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HLMVEC), form a luminal barrier of intra-acinar arterioles that is critical for lung gas exchange and regulation of fluid and solute passage between the blood and interstitial compartments in the lung. (ixcellsbiotech.com)

1998) Pulmonary microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells: differential regulation of Ca2+ and permeability. (ixcellsbiotech.com)

[ 11 ] Subsequently, the number of Sertoli cells in adulthood correlates with sperm output. (medscape.com)

Sperm cells begin their journey in the testicles , which are held slightly outside of the body in the scrotum . (planbwellness.com)
The sperm cells don't just float around in a pool of fluids in the testicles. (planbwellness.com)
These hormones, in turn, stimulate the production of sperm in the testicles and promote the maturation of sperm cells. (secec.org)

PPP is gonadotropin independent, caused by sex steroid secretion from any source - ovaries, adrenal gland, exogenous or ectopic production, e.g., germ-cell tumor. (medscape.com)

Here we show that conditional knockout (cKO) of Mtor in either primordial or growing oocytes caused infertility but differentially affected oocyte quality, granulosa cell fate, and follicular development. (edu.au)

In puberty, the seminiferous cords grow in diameter and obtain lumen as Sertoli cells enter a mature, nonproliferative state to support and nurture the developing spermatogenic cells. (medscape.com)
The analysis of embryological outcomes revealed a dependence between embryo competence for development to the blastocyst stage and the TL in spermatogenic cells. (bvsalud.org)

In SCO syndrome mouse model, PRPS2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell cycle transition in TM4 Sertoli cells. (medscape.com)
Complete in vitro oogenesis: retrospects and prospects [3] "In reality the vast majority of oocytes formed from primordial germ cells (PGCs) will undergo apoptosis, or other forms of cell death. (edu.au)

Arrows indicate the transport of substances only to the basal compartment, via the Sertoli cell into the adluminal compartment, via the Sertoli cell into the lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
They are composed of developing sperm cells surrounding a lumen, the hollow center of the tubule, where formed sperm are released into the duct system of the testis. (foobrdigital.com)

Several accessory organs and ducts aid the process of sperm maturation and transport the sperm and other seminal components to the penis, which delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract. (foobrdigital.com)

Typically, men with SCO syndrome present between age 20-40 years for evaluation of infertility and are found to be azoospermic, a term describing the absence of sperm in the ejaculate. (medscape.com)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is typically characterized by evidence of feminization (i.e., undermasculinization) of the external genitalia at birth, abnormal secondary sexual development in puberty, and infertility in individuals with a 46,XY karyotype. (nih.gov)

CHARGE (Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retarded growth and development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies and/or deafness) and Waardenburg syndrome]. (medscape.com)

Ovol1 and Ovol2, a family of zinc finger transcription factors, are expressed in spermatocytes at the pachytene stage and are suggested to be critical regulators of pachytene progression in male germ cells. (medscape.com)

Aarskog-Scott syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the development of many parts of the body, most commonly the head and face, the hands and feet, and the genitals and urinary system (genitourinary tract). (nih.gov)
n\nThe intellectual development of people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome varies widely. (nih.gov)
Gametogenesis is the development of gametes from primordial germ cells. (lecturio.com)
Disruption of Sox9/sox9b function through environmental exposures or genetic mutations produce a wide range of phenotypes and adversely affect organ development and health. (nature.com)
Genetic mutations and environmental exposures are often presented as important, but independent, factors that contribute to the development of congenital heart and great vessel defects. (nature.com)
However, comparatively few studies have examined how cellular changes induced by environmental exposures intersect with genetic networks known to play critical roles in cardiac development. (nature.com)
Clinical and developmental genetic studies have demonstrated that human SOX9 and its homologs play critical roles in the development of multiple organ systems including the heart (reviewed in Pritchett et al . (nature.com)

This hematoxylin and eosin section of a testis biopsy (400X) demonstrates an individual tubule lined only with Sertoli cells (Sertoli-cell-only [SCO] syndrome). (medscape.com)

AIS represents a spectrum of defects in androgen action and can be subdivided into three broad phenotypes: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), with typical female external genitalia. (nih.gov)
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) with predominantly female, predominantly male, or ambiguous external genitalia. (nih.gov)
Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) with typical male external genitalia. (nih.gov)
Leydig's cells: Androgen hormone. (rbsesolutions.com)

Of the known connexin (Cx) genes, Cx43 is most abundantly expressed in many cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
FS1 and TCam-2 cells were characterized regarding gap-junction-related connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 45 (Cx45), and adherens-junction-related N-cadherin using microarray, PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
Cx43, Cx45 and N-cadherin mRNA and protein were generally detectable in both cell lines via qualitative RT-PCR and Western blot. (biomedcentral.com)
Cx43 expression was also membrane-associated in FS1 cells but barely detectable in TCam-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Accordingly, a high gene expression value of Cx43 was measured for FS1 and a low value for TCam-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The junctional proteins Cx43, Cx45 and N-cadherin are expressed in FS1 and TCam-2 cells at mRNA and/or protein level in different amounts and localizations, and cells of both lines are functionally coupled among each other. (biomedcentral.com)

Yao and colleagues found 174 microRNAs (miRNAs) were differentially expressed in human Sertoli cells in men with SCO syndrome compared with men with obstructive azoospermia, suggesting that these miRNAs may be associated with the pathogenesis of SCO syndrome. (medscape.com)

Klinefelter's syndrome exists in several variants, however, and in some cases LH levels may be within reference range (single LH samples also may be confusing because of the pulsatile nature of LH secretion). (med-life.net)

C5132 Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm C7928 Childhood Germ Cell Tumor C132009 C5969 Childhood Brain Stem Neoplasm Childhood Brain Stem Tumor Childhood Brain Stem Neoplasm A neoplasm that affects the brain stem and occurs during childhood. (nih.gov)
Removal occurs during germ cell cyst breakdown and the establishment of the primordial follicle (PF) pool, during the long dormancy at the PF stage, or through follicular atresia prior to reaching the ovulatory stage. (edu.au)

These men present with no previous history of diseases affecting fertility and have normal findings on physical examination and endocrine, genetic and biochemical laboratory testing, although semen analysis may reveal pathological findings (see Section 11.3.2). (uroweb.org)

However, the phases of gametogenesis are similar, with germ cells progressing through mitosis Mitosis A type of cell nucleus division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes of the somatic cells of the species. (lecturio.com)
Mitosis Mitosis A type of cell nucleus division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes of the somatic cells of the species. (lecturio.com)

To us falls the task not of curing a single disease or group of diseases but of solving the fundamental question in biology and all that derives from it: how does a single fertilized egg develop into a fully functional adult human being, and how do a multitude of genetic and environmental factors influence that process for good or for ill. (nih.gov)
The increased permeability leads to the hypoxemia associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema [3] . (ixcellsbiotech.com)
1] Brigham, K. L. (1990) Oxidant stress and adult respiratory distress syndrome. (ixcellsbiotech.com)

A congenital absence of germ cells due to failure of migration of gonocytes is theoretically possible. (medscape.com)

C3161 Leukemia C132009 C6205 Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor A germ cell tumor of the central nervous system occurring in children. (nih.gov)
A germ cell tumor that arises from the central nervous system during childhood. (nih.gov)

Ovaries of female connexin43 knock-in connexin26 mice revealed only few follicles and the maturation of follicles was completely impaired. (biomedcentral.com)

While no cause has been determined, the plausible explanations include partial activation of the HPO axis, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), or a genetic origin. (medscape.com)

Mitochondria, the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, are the key organelles for energy production allowing organismal growth and survival. (frontiersin.org)
Beta actins are cytoplasmic proteins ubuquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (thermofisher.com)
Because beta actin is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, it is frequently used as a loading control for assays involving protein detection, such as Western blotting. (thermofisher.com)

Without appropriate regulation by miRNA, genes are likely expressed abnormally, which could cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably and lead to tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
900 (B) Sertoli cells divide the germinal epithelium in a basal and adluminal compartment. (biomedcentral.com)

DICER1 syndrome is caused by mutations in the DICER1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Most of the gene mutations involved in DICER1 syndrome lead to an abnormally short Dicer protein that is unable to aid in the production of miRNA. (medlineplus.gov)

The degradation process is mediated by a double-membrane vesicle, known as the autophagosome, and it was first observed in mammalian cells by electron microscopy ( De Duve and Wattiaux, 1966 ). (frontiersin.org)
The detection of LC3-I to LC3-II conversion is a useful and sensitive marker for distinguishing autophagy in mammalian cells. (thermofisher.com)
However, to recapitulate mammalian oogenesis and produce fertilizable oocytes in vitro is a complex process involving several different cell types, precise follicular cell-oocyte reciprocal interactions, a variety of nutrients and combinations of cytokines, and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the developmental stage. (edu.au)

The process starts with the migration of primordial germ cells from the yolk sac Yolk Sac The first of four extra-embryonic membranes to form during embryogenesis. (lecturio.com)
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) originate from the endoderm Endoderm The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo. (lecturio.com)
Primordial germ cells originate in the yolk sac. (lecturio.com)
Primordial germ cells migrate along the hindgut to reach the gonadal ridge. (lecturio.com)

The pleiotropic signal capacity of FSHR offers a mechanism for how FSH drives multiple and dynamic downstream functions in both gonadal and non-gonadal cell types, including distinct diseases, and how signal bias may be achieved at a pharmacological and cell system-specific manner. (frontiersin.org)

While investigation to identify a cause of SCO syndrome is ongoing, the etiology and mechanism of this process are currently unknown. (medscape.com)
Sperm maturation is a physiological process whereby spermatozoa acquire fertilizing capacity during their transit through the epididymis. (planbwellness.com)

Anatomy13

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations1

Named Groups1

Leydig20

Spermatogenesis14

Testicular8

Sexual maturation3

Testes10

Differentiation6

Seminiferous tubules1

Klinefelter2

Testosterone9

Proliferation4

Tumors5

Males2

Sperm production2

Abnormalities6

Fetal development1

Meiosis1

Chromosome5

Spermatogonia2

Stimulates2

Induce1

Prepubertal2

Pathophysiology1

Idiopathic1

Kallmann1

Secrete1

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism1

Pituitary1

Interstitial1

Endothelial Cells1

Adulthood1

Testicles3

Exogenous1

Granulosa cell1

Spermatogenic cells2

Apoptosis2

Lumen2

Reproductive1

Typically2

Anomalies1

Male germ cells1

Development7

Testis1

Androgen4

Cx436

Differentially1

Klinefelter's1

Occurs2

Semen1

Somatic cells2

Adult3

Congenital absence1

Germ-cell2

Mice1

Endocrine1

Eukaryotic cells3

Divide2

Mutations2

Mammalian3

Primordial germ4

Gonadal1

Process2