• Normally, a person inherits two copies of the gene that produces beta-globin, a protein needed to produce normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin A, genotype AA). (wikipedia.org)
  • A person with sickle cell trait inherits one normal allele and one abnormal allele encoding hemoglobin S (hemoglobin genotype AS). (wikipedia.org)
  • We observed a considerable change in the frequencies of the rs145204276 allele and genotype among the IS patients and healthy control group. (hindawi.com)
  • Differentiated vs. undifferentiated chromosomes were called via a threshold of Y-like alleles across Chr01 (outside Dmrt ), in individuals with a Dmrt- Y genotype. (datadryad.org)
  • In the general population there are smokers, workers exposed to asbestos, and individuals with genetic susceptibility, with hypothetical attributable risks in the order of 90% (smoking), 5% (asbestos in some populations), and 12% (hypothetical estimate for GSTM1, based on a relative risk of 1·3 and a frequency of 50% of the null genotype). (cdc.gov)
  • Body S11 TRBV gene use based on the TRBV7-2 genotype in DS3. (findadig.com)
  • For repertoire analyses from the four data models, as well as the sequences from the undocumented alleles inferred, please make reference to www.github.com/omaviv/TCR_genotype/tree/master/figures/data. (findadig.com)
  • SOLUTIONS TO confront this problem, AIRR-seq-based strategies have already been created for B cells lately, allowing haplotype and genotype inference and discovery of undocumented alleles. (findadig.com)
  • Here, we modified a B cell pipeline for undocumented alleles, genotype, and haplotype inference for complete and incomplete AIRR-seq TCR data models. (findadig.com)
  • There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of +276G>T between type T2DM patients and controls. (who.int)
  • We could distinguish six different GR haplotypes of which two carried the BclI polymorphism: haplotype 1, which consists of the minor allele of BclI in combination with the common variant of TthIIII and haplotype 2, which carries the minor allele of BclI as well as the minor allele of TthIIII. (eur.nl)
  • However, haplotypes carrying the minor allele of the BclI polymorphism were related to the phenotype and outcome of GBS. (eur.nl)
  • Database comparisons of the NAT2 minor allele frequencies support that Romanians belong to Caucasians and Kyrgyz are in between Caucasians and East Asians. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, there was suggestive evidence that the minor allele of SNP rs4942440, which is associated with higher BRCA2 expression, is also associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer (per-allele hazard ratio (HR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.72 to 1.00, P-trend = 0.048). (ku.edu)
  • and B14, DR1, DQw1 haplotypes could be involved with IgA-D susceptibility in RTIAG patients. (nih.gov)
  • The present study confirms some of the previous findings in other white populations and describes new possible alleles and haplotypes that could be implicated with IgA-D susceptibility and resistance. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, a number of different genetic determinants of IS risk have been identified in genome-wide association studies, with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9p21, PITX2, HDAC9, ABO, NINJ2, ALDH2, and TSPAN2, all being linked with stroke susceptibility [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These SNPs, however, are still thought to account for less than half of all genetic susceptibility to IS, with a number of yet to be discovered genes also contributing to the development of IS. (hindawi.com)
  • the excess will increase if we add other types of genetic susceptibility, other environmental risk factors, or both. (cdc.gov)
  • So, even if the level of susceptibility associated with a certain haplotype (due to, say, six different genes) is very high, the probability of having that haplotype is low. (cdc.gov)
  • Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene influence the sensitivity to glucocorticoids and are related to both microbial colonization and susceptibility to develop auto-immune disease. (eur.nl)
  • The GR haplotypes were not related to susceptibility to develop GBS. (eur.nl)
  • In conclusion, GR haplotypes are not a susceptibility factor for GBS. (eur.nl)
  • As part of a project on environmental disasters in minority populations, this study aimed to evaluate differences in the sequence of N-acetyltransferase 2 ( NAT2 ) as a metabolic susceptibility gene in yet unexplored ethnicities. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and exome-sequencing analysis have been successfully implemented as approaches to identify genetic variants associated with disease susceptibility. (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecular studies revealed that the Erysiphe resistant ( er1 ) gene was present in 40 lines out of selected 50 pea lines and the mutational character was conferred up to 36 genotypes with 11 haplotype groups. (nature.com)
  • genotypes from these divergent haplotypes can be used in pea resistance breeding to avoid genetic homogeneity and genetic vulnerability. (nature.com)
  • Matching-allele interactions of hosts and parasites that prevent the emergence of host and parasite genotypes that are universally resistant and infective are a genetic mechanism predicted to underpin NFDS. (pacb.com)
  • Moreover, in natural populations, we find that the PR-locus polymorphism is associated with variation in resistance to different P. ramosa genotypes, pointing to the PR-locus polymorphism as being responsible for the matching-allele interactions that have been previously described for this system. (pacb.com)
  • Many individuals carry two copies of A haplotypes (AA genotypes). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The remainders carry Bx genotypes, which are consisted of either one copy of A haplotype and one copy of B haplotype (AB genotypes) or two copies of B haplotypes (BB genotypes). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, individuals with AA genotypes which harbor KIR 2DS4 - v alleles will not have a membrane-bound KIR 2DS4 protein, but rather a soluble form of KIR 2DS4 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • GWAS was performed using haplotype reference consortium(HRC)-imputed genotypes of common variants in 3,514 individuals from the first and 2,076 individuals from the second cohort of the Rotterdam Study. (frontiersin.org)
  • According to the numbers and types, KIR haplotypes are broadly classified into two groups: group A haplotypes have a fixed KIR gene ( 2DL1 , 2DL3 - 4 , 3DL1 - 3 , 2DS4 , 2DP1 and 3DP1 ), in contrast, group B haplotypes have variations in genetic content which is comprised of several genes and alleles that are not found in A haplotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this first GWAS and exome-sequencing analysis of NETs levels, we found several genes that were associated with NETs. (frontiersin.org)
  • SNPs tagging the expression haplotypes were correlated with the total expression of several genes in breast tissue measured by Taqman and microarray technologies. (ku.edu)
  • Sequence comparison of PR-locus haplotypes finds dramatic structural polymorphisms between PR-locus haplotypes including a large portion of each haplotype being composed of non-homologous sequences resulting in haplotypes differing in size by 66 kb. (pacb.com)
  • The results of the haplotype distribution and the allele frequencies for each of the factor IX gene polymorphisms in Amerindians were similar to the results reported for Asian populations but differed from results for other ethnic groups. (wayne.edu)
  • Our data represent the first study of factor IX-associated polymorphisms in Amerindian populations and emphasizes the applicability of these genetic markers for population and human evolution studies. (wayne.edu)
  • Of all the genetic marker types available, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant, and thus offer the greatest level of genetic resolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abstract Introduction Cis-acting regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at specific loci may modulate penetrance of germline mutations at the same loci by introducing different levels of expression of the wild-type allele. (ku.edu)
  • Recent advances have been made in the of host factors, polymorphisms, and candidate genes associated characterization of the immune response to low-molecular- with occupational asthma may improve our understanding of weight agents. (cdc.gov)
  • By investigating 92 common-frog populations from a wide range of elevations throughout Switzerland, we show that sex-chromosome differentiation strongly correlates with alleles at the candidate sex-determining gene Dmrt1 . (datadryad.org)
  • Y-specific Dmrt1 haplotypes cluster into two main haplogroups, Y A and Y B , with a phylogeographic signal that parallels mtDNA haplotypes: Y A populations, with mostly well-differentiated sex chromosomes, occur primarily south of the main alpine ridge that bisects Switzerland, while Y B populations, with mostly undifferentiated (proto-)sex chromosomes, occur north of this ridge. (datadryad.org)
  • The Y-haplotype effect might result from differences in the penetrance of alleles at the sex-determining locus (such that sex reversal and ensuing X-Y recombination are more frequent in Y B populations), and/or fixation of an inversion on Y A (as supported by the empirical observation that Y A haplotypes might not recombine in XY A females). (datadryad.org)
  • We found that Malanis have lost some genetic variability compared with the present-day cosmopolitan caste populations and highly mobile pastoral cultures of India. (bioone.org)
  • the average population still shows a mean of 6.86 alleles per locus compared to a mean of 7.80-8.93 for nonisolated populations. (bioone.org)
  • Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) show extensive variation in genetic content and allelic polymorphi sms among different populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analyzed the distribution of KIR genes in the Tibetan ethnic minority of Lhasa city, the Uyghur and Kazakh ethnic minorities of Urumqi city populations in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The frequencies of HLA class I and class II alleles and haplotypes of 104 healthy unrelated Tunisians were analyzed by high-resolution PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization, and was compared with other Mediterranean and Sub-Saharan Africans using genetic distances measurements, Neighbor-joining dendrograms, correspondence, and extended haplotypes analysis. (nih.gov)
  • globin gene cluster haplotypes but agree with our recent findings on the distribution of a-globin gene cluster haplotypes and the allele frequencies for six VNTRs in the same Amerindian tribes. (wayne.edu)
  • In this study, we genotyped 318 GBS patients and 210 control subjects for five known SNPs in the GR gene. (eur.nl)
  • 5.0 × 10 −6 ) of SNPs annotated to four genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • We discuss the advantages of determining genetic architecture in genetic isolates in order to begin to meet the grand challenge of human genetics. (nature.com)
  • In order to meet the grand challenge of human genetics, that is, to understand what causes disease and translate this knowledge to improve health outcomes, we need to know the number and population frequency of disease variants, the magnitude of their effects on phenotype and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. (nature.com)
  • The underlying genetics of matching-allele interactions are unknown even in host-parasite systems with empirical support for coevolution by NFDS, as is the case for the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna and the bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa. (pacb.com)
  • We have analyzed genetic data for 326 microsatellite markers that were typed uniformly in a large multiethnic population-based sample of individuals as part of a study of the genetics of hypertension (Family Blood Pressure Program). (blogspot.com)
  • In contrast, the frequency of the allele related to rs55829688 was not statistically correlated with IS in all analysis. (hindawi.com)
  • In general, the inverse relation that applies between the frequency of a genetic allele in the population and its penetrance seems to apply also to haplotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) is an evolutionary mechanism suggested to govern host-parasite coevolution and the maintenance of genetic diversity at host resistance loci, such as the vertebrate MHC and R-genes in plants. (pacb.com)
  • Despite these findings, SP remains a explored emerging lineages of dhps mutant haplotypes in Malawi,theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,andTanza- major tool for malaria control when administered as a partner niabyusinganalysesofgeneticmicrosatellitesflankingthe drug with artemisinins and as intermittent preventive therapy dhps locus. (cdc.gov)
  • Three-locus haplotype analysis revealed that A*03-B*07-DRB1*1503 and A*02-B*44-DRB1*0402 were the most common HLA class I and II haplotypes in this population. (nih.gov)
  • These resistant lines have er ( Erysiphe resistant) locus having MLO gene (responsible for resistant mechanism in pea) which was detected using various molecular approaches. (nature.com)
  • We fine-map one locus associated with D. magna resistance to P. ramosa and genetically characterize two haplotypes of the Pasteuria resistance (PR-) locus using de novo genome and transcriptome sequencing. (pacb.com)
  • The high divergence of PR-locus haplotypes suggest a history of multiple, diverse and repeated instances of structural mutation events and restricted recombination. (pacb.com)
  • Simultaneous inference of haplotypes and alleles at a causal gene by: Fabrice eLarribe, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • A hidden Markov model for haplotype inference for present-absent data of clustered genes using identified haplotypes and haplotype patterns by: KUI eZHANG, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • We discovered that an individual nucleotide polymorphism differentiating between your two noted T cell receptor Beta D2 (TRBD2) alleles is certainly strongly connected with dramatic adjustments in the portrayed repertoire. (findadig.com)
  • Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Marker Density on Haplotype Block Partition by: Sun Ah Kim, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • For monogenic disorders, the genetic architecture is simplified as disease variants are, by definition, highly penetrant and environmental and gene-gene interactions are minimized. (nature.com)
  • the statement that single gene-environment interactions represent sufficient causal complexes is probably true, but it is a hypothesis that requires much additional research. (cdc.gov)
  • The genetic basis of resistance and matching-allele interactions of a host-parasite system: The Daphnia magna-Pasteuria ramosa model. (pacb.com)
  • Higher order interactions, that is to say of particular haplotypes with a disease, are much more complicated than individual antigen associations, with which most disease studies have so far been concerned. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our aim in this work is to explain the concept of higher order interactions and to discuss the difficulties involved when trying to measure such haplotype associations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Haplotype analysis has been increasingly used to study the genetic basis of human diseases, but models for characterizing genetic interactions between haplotypes from different chromosomal regions have not been well developed in the current literature. (uitm.edu.my)
  • The present investigation, therefore, was carried out to find the presence of MLO gene among selected resistant cultivars of pea and decipher the diversity of er gene present among these resistant cultivars. (nature.com)
  • The Malanis are characterized by a generally low Y-chromosome haplotype diversity. (bioone.org)
  • Genetic drift and limited gene flow leading to reduced genetic diversity were important in determining the present genetic structure of the highly endogamous Malana village. (bioone.org)
  • The distributions of predicted haplotypes differed significantly between the two ethnicities where the Kyrgyz showed a higher genetic diversity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The high level of haplotype variation among starch biosynthesis/degradation genes in the progenitors of cultivated barley shows that domestication and breeding have greatly eroded their allelic diversity in current elite cultivars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report haplotyping data for 17 starch biosynthesis/degradation genes demonstrating the broad diversity among H. spontaneum accessions and H. vulgare landraces but rather limited genetic variance in the current elite breeding germplasm by fixing certain haplotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The haplotype without mutations was more common in Kyrgyz (40.1% in Kyrgyz, 29.3% in Romanians). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Members of the apolipoprotein gene cluster (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) on human chromosome 11q23 play an important role in lipid metabolism. (doe.gov)
  • Genetic cluster analysis of the microsatellite markers produced four major clusters, which showed near-perfect correspondence with the four self-reported race/ethnicity categories. (blogspot.com)
  • Of 3,636 subjects of varying race/ethnicity, only 5 (0.14%) showed genetic cluster membership different from their self-identified race/ethnicity. (blogspot.com)
  • At least two specific combinations of HLA gene variants (HLA haplotypes) have been found to increase the risk of developing celiac disease, a disorder in which inflammation damages the intestinal tract and other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, the DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes are also found in 30 percent of the general population, and only 3 percent of individuals with these haplotypes develop celiac disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Unless they are in linkage disequilibrium, different genes are independently inherited. (cdc.gov)
  • The expression patterns of drought regulated genes were monitored during plant ontogeny, mapped and the location of these genes was incorporated into a comprehensive barley SNP linkage map. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patterns of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype distribution in disease candidate genes by: Shen Hui, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • Linkage and comparative mapping studies indicate that the transferred chromosome segment contains a number of candidate genes for hypertension, including genes encoding a brain dopamine receptor and a renal epithelial potassium channel. (jci.org)
  • The close genomic locations of these two genes as well as their functional similarity have hindered efforts to define whether each gene independently influences human triglyceride concentrations. (doe.gov)
  • KIR 2DS4 - v alleles differ from the KIR 2DS4 - f alleles in that the former have a 22-bp deletion in exon 5, which leads to a frame shift mutation and produces a premature stop codon, preventing the formation of a functional membrane-bound receptor domain [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report on retinal disease progression in homozygous patients, providing valuable allele-specific insights. (nature.com)
  • Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous). (wikipedia.org)
  • The pipeline handles gene project ambiguities also, which is important in the analysis of data sets of partial sequences specifically. (findadig.com)
  • Haplotype 1 carriers had a significantly better prognosis. (eur.nl)
  • Only five haplotypes were identified within the entire Amerindian study population, and the haplotype distribution was significantly different among the five tribes, with one (Arara) to four (Wayampf) haplotypes being found per tribe. (wayne.edu)
  • in fact, we expect that the simultaneous presence of both environmental and genetic factors is the basis for "sufficient" causal complexes. (cdc.gov)
  • ABCA4- related retinal dystrophies have a major impact on quality of life and clinical interventions including stem cell therapy, gene replacement therapy, and pharmacological agents are currently being developed [ 21 ]. (nature.com)
  • The del -T haplotype was substantially more prevalent in the IS cases compared to the control individuals. (hindawi.com)
  • Type 1 diabetes risk is most increased by two HLA haplotypes involving variations of the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes and another HLA gene called HLA-DRB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • One haplotype, written as DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02 , is called DR3. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The other haplotype, written as DRB1*04:01/02/04/05/08-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02 , is called DR4. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each MHC class II gene has many possible variations, allowing the immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Combinations of variations in the HLA-DQA1 gene and other HLA genes affect the risk of type 1 diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Variations in other genes and environmental factors are also thought to affect the risk of this complex disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Despite being a relatively common disease, the precise molecular mechanisms for the onset of ischemic stroke (IS) are still incompletely understood, with both environmental and genetic factors being implicated in this disease in a complex manner. (hindawi.com)
  • The population structure revealed by multidimensional scaling analysis of standard genetic distances lends support to the AMOVA. (bioone.org)
  • A network analysis indicates that two closely related haplotypes account for a large proportion of Malani Y chromosomes. (bioone.org)
  • Prospective association analysis based on core drought-regulated genes may simplify the process of identifying favourable alleles, and help to understand the genetic basis of the response to terminal drought. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exome-sequencing analysis to identify common and rare genetic variants associated with plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex levels, a biomarker for NETs, in the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. (frontiersin.org)
  • We additionally performed exome-sequencing analysis in 960 individuals to investigate rare variants in candidate genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathway analysis of the identified genes showed their involvement in cellular development, molecular transport, RNA trafficking, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, cellular growth and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Stepwise haplotype analysis: Are LD patterns repeatable? (uitm.edu.my)
  • Methods We combined haplotype analysis and differential allelic expression of BRCA2 in breast tissue to identify expression haplotypes and candidate cis-regulatory variants. (ku.edu)
  • Stargardt disease (STGD1) is a form of inherited retinal dystrophy attributed to variants affecting function of the large ABCA4 gene and is arguably the most complex monogenic disease. (nature.com)
  • We believe that the very characteristics that make genetic isolates disproportionality valuable for disease mapping (i.e., reduced genetic heterogeneity, shared ancestry, environment, and lifestyle), along with their small size, also make them practical choices for studying genetic architecture. (nature.com)
  • Patients with ABCA4 -related disease have pathogenic variants in the ABCA4 gene which encodes a large, 2273 amino acid photoreceptor-specific transporter involved in the removal of toxic retinoid compounds from photoreceptors [ 20 ]. (nature.com)
  • HLA haplotype associations with disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The main emphasis is to point out that it is not easily possible to detect haplotype associations if an individual antigen association with the disease exists. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cancer was the top disease linked to the NET-associated genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Annotation of the haplotypes reveals striking differences in gene content. (pacb.com)
  • Results We identified common haplotypes associated with differences in the levels of BRCA2 expression in human breast cells. (ku.edu)
  • We identified small-effect genetic variants associated with allelic expression differences in BRCA2 which could possibly affect the risk in mutation carriers through altering expression levels of the wild-type allele. (ku.edu)
  • On the other hand, we detected only modest genetic differentiation between different current geographic locales within each race/ethnicity group. (blogspot.com)
  • Up to now, 16 KIR gene loci have been identified, including two pseudogenes (KIR 2DP1 and 3DP1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This genetic variation may therefore also influence the chance to develop GBS. (eur.nl)
  • Tibetans were different from Kazakh and Uyghur groups in KIR genetic content and KIR allelic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Haplotypes within a set of 17 starch biosynthesis/degradation genes were defined, and a particularly high level of haplotype variation was uncovered in the genes encoding sucrose synthase (types I and II) and starch synthase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we present a SNP-based genetic map of barley, specifically focussing on nucleotide variation in ESTs demonstrated to be involved in the response of barley to drought stress occurring at early vegetative stages, during anthesis and the grain filling process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report the genetic architecture of STGD1 in the young genetically isolated population of Newfoundland, Canada. (nature.com)
  • However, little information has been gathered to date regarding the genomic location of drought-regulated genes, either expressed throughout plant development or at late reproductive stages influencing seed yield and quality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The precise mechanism of how these genes may contribute to neutrophil function or the formation of NETs remains unclear and should be further investigated in experimental studies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among the CD-IgA-D group, the B14 allele and A1, B8, Cw7, DR3, DQw2 haplotype were found to confer a high risk of developing IgA-D. A possible protective role may be postulated for DR2 and DR4 in both types of IgA-D patients. (nih.gov)
  • When study participants were stratified according to environmental factors, we found that the rs145204276 del allele was correlated with a higher risk of IS in male, smokers, hypertensive, and those ≥65 years old. (hindawi.com)
  • GAS5 is found on chromosome 1q25.1, with the gene containing 12 exons across a 4.087 kb region, coding for 29 different GAS5 splicing variants [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes, which may occur separately or together, seem to increase the risk of an inappropriate immune response to the protein gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here, we are the first to apply these approaches to ascertain common and rare genetic variants associated with NETs using data from a population-based cohort study. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, ancient geographic ancestry, which is highly correlated with self-identified race/ethnicity-as opposed to current residence-is the major determinant of genetic structure in the U.S. population. (blogspot.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that BP regulatory gene(s) exist within the differential chromosome segment trapped in the SHR-Lx congenic strain and that this region of chromosome 8 plays a major role in the hypertension of SHR vs. BN-Lx rats. (jci.org)
  • The other haplotype, known as DQ8, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*03:01 or HLA-DQA1*03:02 bound to the protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene variant known as HLA-DQB1*03:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Alleles were called in GeneMapper 4.0 (Fisher Scientific), and Y haplotypes ( Dmrt ) were defined by comparing sexed adult samples. (datadryad.org)
  • Carriers of haplotype 2 had more frequently preceding diarrhea, serum antibodies to GM1 and GD1a, and more severe muscle weakness at entry. (eur.nl)
  • The effect of the expression haplotypes on breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers was investigated in 2,754 carriers. (ku.edu)
  • Mapping Switchgrass Traits with Common Gardens The combination of field data and genetic information has allowed researchers to associate climate adaptations with switchgrass biology. (doe.gov)
  • The increasingly narrow genetic background characteristic of modern crop germplasm presents a challenge for the breeding of cultivars that require adaptation to the anticipated change in climate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the face of potential climate change, these elite allele combinations may become sub-optimal and will necessitate a search for better adapted alleles among crop landraces or wild materials [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic data is from 3 panels of microsatellites on Chr01, inside and outside the candidate sex-determining gene ( Dmrt1 ). (datadryad.org)
  • In particular, a group of glycosyltransferase genes that is present in the susceptible but absent in the resistant haplotype. (pacb.com)
  • With regards to the actual concentration of hemoglobin in the circulating cells, the alleles demonstrate co-dominance as both 'normal' and mutant forms co-exist in the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • The HLA-DQA1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DQA1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DQB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of these haplotypes, known as DQ2, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*05:01 or HLA-DQA1*05:05 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQB1 gene variants known as HLA-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DQB1*02:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The rare G allele of +45T>G occurred more frequently than the common T allele in T2DM patients compared with controls, and was associated with lower serum adiponectin levels. (who.int)
  • Of amino acids are underlined) haplotype emerged in 2010 these SP-based interventions, IPTi with SP is safe and effec- that was closely related to pre-existing double-mutant SGEA tive ( 2 ), IPT in children receiving SP and amodiaquine has haplotypes, suggesting local origination in Malawi. (cdc.gov)
  • MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Taubenberger's autopsy results showed that the soldier had had a sickle-cell crisis that contributed to his death even though he had only one copy of the gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results conclusively identify a genetic basis for the matching-allele interaction observed in a coevolving host-parasite system and provide a first insight into its molecular basis. (pacb.com)
  • Not only the four framework genes were present in all individuals, but the pseudogene 2DP1 could also be detected in all Uyghur individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additional stratification conforming to IS subtypes exhibited that individuals carrying the rs145204276 del allele conferred a higher risk of expanding a larger artery atherosclerosis stroke subset. (hindawi.com)
  • We also analyzed 17 Y-chromosome STRs in 30 individuals to assess the paternal gene pool. (bioone.org)
  • AIH usually develops in individuals with a genetic background mainly consisting of some risk alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA). (wjgnet.com)
  • Genotyping of 16 KIR genes was tested in 479 randomly selected individuals using the multiple PCR-SSP method. (biomedcentral.com)