Genetic chromosomal loci genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the use of DNA sequences at multiple housekeeping loci to characterize genetic variations of natural populations of a bacterial pathogen ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
Ixodes ricinus ticks ( 11 ) and is carried by a large variety of ize genetic variations of natural populations of a bacterial hosts, including birds and small- to medium-sized mam- pathogen ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
oryzae (Xoo) is a pathogen that has ravaged the rice industry as the causal agent of bacterial blight (BB) diseases in rice. (bvsalud.org)
Strain Dependent Genetic Networks for Antibiotic-Sensitivity in a Bacterial Pathogen with a Large Pan-Genome. (cdc.gov)
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that can cause severe disease in humans, other mammals and birds [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we present a suite of tools for genetic manipulation in the tomato pathogen C. michiganensis including a markerless deletion system, an integrative plasmid, and an R package for identification of permissive sites for plasmid integration. (biorxiv.org)

Sequence variability at ospC is the highest among known genomic loci and is strongly linked to variations at other genome-wide loci, with occasional recombinant genotypes caused by plasmid exchanges ( 16 - 19 ). (cdc.gov)
26 genomic loci were identified whose haploinsufficiency can modify these CDK8- or CycC-specific phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
In Cas9 nuclease-mediated genome editing, we constructed an all-in-one vector expressing Cas9 nuclease and seven gRNAs and targeted seven genomic loci. (nature.com)

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and/or virulence determinants possessed by the associated bacteria are generally found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that transmit between K . pneumoniae cells via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)

We show that phase-variable loci are widespread with some sites being present in virtually all analyzed strains. (nih.gov)
The experiment was repeated on a separate day using the same dose range as experiment 1, fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test material formulations. (europa.eu)
No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test material, either with or without metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
The bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), reliability rating 1, showed that C12-18-alkylbis(hydroxyethyl)methyl, chloride (CAS no 71808-53-2) did not cause any substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tested strains at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S-9 mix). (europa.eu)
Genome sequencing of multiple R. solanacearum strains has identified both unique and shared genetic traits influencing their evolution and ability to colonize plant hosts. (pacb.com)
However, the Pa Loc is variably present, even among closely related strains, and thus resembles a mobile genetic element. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Some animal S. aureus lineages have derived from human strains following profound genetic adaptation determining a change in host specificity. (frontiersin.org)
however, individual strains vary in their virulence potential due to the presence of mobile accessory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Concerningly, iuc has also been reported in MDR strains in the hospital setting, where it was associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need to understand, detect and track the mobility of these virulence loci in the K . pneumoniae population. (biomedcentral.com)
Iro / iuc mobile genetic elements (MGEs) appear to be stably maintained at high frequency within known hypervirulent strains (ST23, ST86, etc.) but were also detected at low prevalence in others such as MDR strain ST258. (biomedcentral.com)
This study provides a framework for identifying and tracking these important virulence loci, which will be important for genomic surveillance efforts including monitoring for the emergence of hypervirulent MDR K . pneumoniae strains. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we characterised the genes encoding type 3 fimbriae from CAUTI strains of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Klebsiella oxytoca , Citrobacter koseri and Citrobacter freundii . (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic analysis of the type 3 fimbrial genes ( mrkABCD ) from 39 strains revealed they clustered into five distinct clades (A-E) ranging from one to twenty-three members. (biomedcentral.com)
All of the strains examined caused type 3 fimbriae mediated agglutination of tannic acid treated human erythrocytes despite sequence variation in the mrkD -encoding adhesin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Further work is now required to substantiate the clade structure reported here by examining more strains as well as other bacterial genera that make type 3 fimbriae and cause CAUTI. (biomedcentral.com)
Our own recent survey of presence of ZmpC in clinical isolates showed that the zmp C gene is present in 26% of strains and that its presence is linked to isolates from pneumonia [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
High-throughput genome sequencing provided a more detailed real-time assessment of genetic traits characteristic of the outbreak strains than could be achieved with routine subtyping methods. (biomedcentral.com)

The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, distinguished by outer surface protein C ( ospC ) gene sequences, are commonly associated with disseminated Lyme disease. (cdc.gov)
The genetic homogeneity of ospC -A isolates was confirmed by sequences at 6 additional chromosomal housekeeping loci ( gap, alr, glpA, xylB, ackA, and tgt ). (cdc.gov)
Recently, a multilocus sequence analysis approach was proposed to reconstruct phylogenetic histories of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
To resolve phylogenetic relationships among ries of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
The genetic homogeneity of ospC -A isolates was confi rmed agent, Borrelia burgdorferi , a spirochete that parasitizes by sequences at 6 additional chromosomal housekeeping vertebrates, is transmitted by hard-bodied ticks through- loci ( gap, alr, glpA, xylB, ackA, and tgt ). (cdc.gov)
Genetic sequences of the bases are read in groups of three (called a triplet), with a possibility of 64 configurations or "words" in which to code information. (cdc.gov)
There are other duplicated genes in the identified BAC sequences, suggesting that these genomic regions exhibit a high rate of tandem duplication. (inra.fr)
Exchanges and losses of the Pa Loc DNA have also occurred, via long homologous recombination events involving flanking chromosomal sequences. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Based on the differences in their capsular gene sequences, serotype "6E" was assigned to this group in a subsequent study [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The majority of sequences grouped in clade A, which was represented by the mrk gene cluster from the genome sequenced K. pneumoniae MGH78578. (biomedcentral.com)
The E. coli and K. pneumoniae mrkABCD gene sequences clustered together in two distinct clades, supporting previous evidence for the occurrence of inter-genera lateral gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

We have generated high-resolution genome-wide maps of transformation, finding massive variation in rates at different chromosomal loci. (drexel.edu)
We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
Selection for recombinants that acquired the trait, followed by genome-wide profiling of donor-specific allele frequencies, we can rapidly identify the relevant genes. (drexel.edu)
1998. A genome-wide search for chromosomal loci linked to mental health wellness in relatives at high risk for bipolar affective disorder among the Old Order Amish. . (cornell.edu)

We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
S. dysenteriae possesses diverse virulence genes, located on both the chromosome and/or the plasmid. (researchsquare.com)
Large scale studies, carried out to identify virulence genes in S. pneumoniae , report different results concerning surface zinc metalloproteinases. (biomedcentral.com)

The process of T-DNA transfer is mediated by the cooperative action of proteins encoded by genes determined in the Ti plasmid virulence region (vir genes) and in the bacterial chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
We are now using advanced optical mapping technology to reproduce these maps in the absence of genetic variation, in order to disentangle the role of chromosome structure from the potential for genetic incompatibilities ("speciation genes") skewing our results. (drexel.edu)
Trisomic analysis was conducted using the cross between XM5 and the trisomic series under the genetic background of IR24, showing that xa19 was located on chromosome 7. (bvsalud.org)
Linkage analysis using DNA markers showed that the causal gene was located on the distal end of chromosome 1. (bvsalud.org)
Die Analyse großer Cosmid- und BAC- (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) Contigs, welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstellt wurden und die mehr als 1 Mb sowohl des X- als auch des Y-Chromosoms des Platys X. maculatus abdecken, zeigte eine hohe Dichte von Retroelementen und anderen repetitiven Sequenzen, besonders im Bereich des dominanten Onkogens Xmrk und in einer durch das duplizierte Gen ps-criptY gekennzeichneten, Y-spezifischen Region. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
We validated nine primer pairs by in silico PCR for their use in screening the chicken bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library to produce BAC-derived probes to detect and localise PHF7-like loci by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). (inra.fr)

Plasmids replicate to produce many plasmid molecules in each host bacterial cell. (wikipedia.org)
The number of copies of each plasmid in a bacterial cell is determined by the replication origin, the position within the plasmids molecule where DNA replication is initiated. (wikipedia.org)
Although the resistance mechanisms against this class of antibiotics have not been entirely resolved, resistance against other classes of antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, is known to be mediated through plasmids, which are known gonococcal extra-chromosomal accessory elements. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we report a new strain with chromosomally integrated ethanologenic pathway under the control of a constitutive promoter, without recombinant plasmids and resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, the plasmids for the second-step reaction retained the structure of a CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector harboring single gRNA and Cas9 expression cassettes and can therefore be used separately for single gene targeting. (nature.com)

Consequently, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of the F2 population is conducted, covering 12 chromosomes with 107 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and insertion/deletion (InDel) genetic markers. (bvsalud.org)
We selected nine BAC that highlighted nine chromosomal regions for a total of 10 distinct PHF7-like loci on five Gallus gallus chromosomes: Chr1 (three loci), Chr2 (two loci), Chr12 (one locus), Chr19 (one locus) and ChrZ (three loci). (inra.fr)
Highly efficient modification of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) using novel shuttle vectors containing the R6Kgamma origin of replication. (cornell.edu)
He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)

In Experiment 1, L5178Y TK +/- 3.7.2c mouse lymphoma cells (heterozygous at the thymidine kinase locus) were treated with the test item at six dose levels, in duplicate, together with vehicle (solvent) and positive controls using 4-hour exposure groups both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation (2% S9 final concentration). (europa.eu)
The substance is considered to be non-mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase locus using the cell line L5178Y. (europa.eu)

To resolve phylogenetic relationships among isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA spacer) and 3 plasmid loci ( ospC , dbpA , and BBD14). (cdc.gov)
The traditional Lancefield classification system, which is based on serotyping, has been replaced by emm typing, which has been used to characterize and measure the genetic diversity among isolates of S pyogenes . (medscape.com)
This system is based on a sequence at the 5' end of a locus ( emm ) that is present in all isolates. (medscape.com)
Genetic diversity and relationships in 74 Helicobacter pylori isolates recovered from patients assigned to distinct clinical categories were estimated by examination of allelic variation in six genes encoding metabolic housekeeping enzymes by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. (houstonmethodist.org)
In this sample of isolates, there was no statistically significant association of multilocus enzyme electrophoretic types or cluster of related chromosomal types and disease category. (houstonmethodist.org)
Increased prevalence of DNA exchange regulators in antimicrobial resistant isolates suggests that genetic material exchange plays a role in the development or maintenance of AMR. (ox.ac.uk)
Another study in Korea demonstrated that some serogroup 6 isolates encode distinctive cps (capsular) loci, differing from those of most other serogroup 6 isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA , except SD001. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). (researchsquare.com)
High-throughput pyrosequencing of two L. monocytogenes isolates was used to rapidly provide the genome sequence of the primary outbreak strain and to investigate the extent of genetic diversity associated with a change of a single restriction enzyme fragment during PFGE. (biomedcentral.com)

Use of bacterial whole-genome sequencing to understand and improve the management of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections. (cdc.gov)
RNA was prepared separately from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and granulocytes to UNC1215 identify differentially expressed genes using whole genome microarrays. (tech-strategy.org)
Whole-genome assemblies of wild Oryza species will provide new sources of genes and gene variants/haplotypes, enhancing the ability of breeding programs to introduce desirable traits into domestic cultivars. (nature.com)
Genomic view of bipolar disorder revealed by whole genome sequencing in a genetic isolate. (cornell.edu)

Molecular genetic testing plays a prominent role in diagnosis and genetic counseling. (bredagenetics.com)
LAV and DP participated in the molecular genetic studies. (peptidescost.com)
Over the past few decades, the diverse molecular genetic causes of SCID have been identified with progress from studies of the immune system. (medscape.com)

The QTLs we examine for this study differ from the loci of BB resistance genes from earlier studies. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including bla VIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. (who.int)

There are currently 20 retinal genes whose mutations cause the phenotype of LCA, accounting for about 70% of the cases, while the genes underlying the remaining 30% of patients await discovery. (aao.org)
Visual acuity (VA) in children with LCA varies significantly among patients with differing gene mutations and can be as low as no light perception (NLP). (aao.org)
[14] The disease most commonly occurs in people over the age of 65, due to the accumulation of genetic mutations that occurs over time. (wikipedia.org)
In a study on the polymorphism of QRDR of gyrA/B and parC/E genes, we identified two mutations in gyrA (Ser83→Leu and Asp87→Asn) and parC (Ser80→Ile and Ser83→Leu), respectively. (researchsquare.com)
Via positional cloning, we show that mutations in a zebrafish LTCC encoding gene, cav1.3a , underlie the auditory-vestibular defects of gemini ( gem ) circler mutants. (jneurosci.org)
SCID results from mutations in any of more than 15 known genes. (medscape.com)

The symptoms of Clostridium difficile infection are caused by toxins expressed from its 19 kb pathogenicity locus (Pa Loc). (whiterose.ac.uk)
In other bacterial pathogens, genes important for pathogenicity and host range include secreted protein effectors that suppress host immunity, alter host metabolism, and enable colonization, providing a fitness advantage. (biorxiv.org)

Remaining to be tested are how such factors as natural selection, low recombination rate, and genetic drift due to geographic structuring contribute to the formation and maintenance of these clonal complexes in natural bacterial populations ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Using genomics to investigate the mechanism, consequences and evolution of genetic recombination, especially in pathogenic bacteria. (drexel.edu)
Lack of linkage disequilibrium (nonrandom association of alleles over loci) indicates that horizontal transfer and recombination of metabolic enzyme genes have contributed to the generation of chromosomal diversity in H. pylori. (houstonmethodist.org)
The vector pSelAct-KO is a recombination based, markerless knockout system that uses dual selection to engineer seamless deletions of a region of interest, providing opportunities for repeated higher-order genetic knockouts. (biorxiv.org)
We developed permissR, an R package to identify permissive sites for chromosomal integration, which can be used in conjunction with pSelAct-Express, a non-replicating integrative plasmid that enables recombination into a permissive genomic location. (biorxiv.org)

MLST studies showed that local populations of a bacterial species typically consist of discrete clusters of multilocus sequence types called "clonal complexes," rather than a multitude of randomly assorted genotypes ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Seventy-three distinct allele profiles, representing multilocus chromosomal genotypes, were identified. (houstonmethodist.org)

Our results can help to facilitate understanding of genetic and morphological fundamentals for use in rice breeding programs that are more durable against evolving Xoo pathogens and uncertain climatic temperature. (bvsalud.org)
There began also the sharing of bacterial species between animals and humans, and co-evolution of pathogens with their hosts. (frontiersin.org)

The mean genetic diversity in the sample was 0.735, a value that exceeds the level of diversity recorded in virtually all bacterial species studied by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. (houstonmethodist.org)
Gene duplications increase genetic and phenotypic diversity and occur in complex genomic regions that are still difficult to sequence and assemble. (inra.fr)
Although frequent HGT results in high genetic diversity in the gonococcus, we found that this is mediated by a small gene pool. (ox.ac.uk)
This enables us to identify candidate genes underlying glucosinolate diversity, trichome density, and study the genetics of biochemical variation for glucosinolate and saponins. (pacb.com)
Here, we examined the genetic diversity, distribution and mobilisation of iuc and iro loci amongst 2503 K . pneumoniae genomes using comparative genomics approaches and developed tools for tracking them via genomic surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
10%). Considerable genetic diversity was observed, resolving into five iro and six iuc lineages that show distinct patterns of mobilisation and dissemination in the K . pneumoniae population. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic Diversity and Streptomycin Sensitivity in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. (mdpi.com)

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a next-generation strategy for genetic modifications, not only for single gene targeting, but also for multiple targeted mutagenesis. (nature.com)
Furthermore, we demonstrate simultaneous multiple targeted mutagenesis and chromosomal deletions mediated by not only Cas9 nuclease, but also Cas9 nickase. (nature.com)

The first study available on C12-18-alkylbis(hydroxyethyl)methyl, chloride (CAS no 71808-53-2) is the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) compliant to OECD Guideline 471, performed under GLP and with reliability rating 1. (europa.eu)
This study is classified as acceptable and C12-18-alkylbis(hydroxyethyl)methyl, chloride (CAS no 71808-53-2) is considered to be non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse mutation assay. (europa.eu)

Significant associations were found between the prevalence of accessory elements and core genome multi-locus sequence types (cgMLST), consistent with a structured gonococcal population despite frequent horizontal gene transfer (HGT). (ox.ac.uk)
stringMLST: a fast k-mer based tool for multi locus sequence typing. (cdc.gov)
Typhoidal Salmonellae: Use of Multi-Locus Sequence Typing to Determine Population Structure. (cdc.gov)

We showed that the PHF7 gene, which is highly expressed in the rooster testis, is a highly duplicated gene family in the chicken genome, and this phenomenon probably concerns other bird species. (inra.fr)
Transgenic technology' refers to the transfer of a genetic material from one species to another. (ufl.edu)
To date, the species and cultivars that make up the AA genome clade have provided most of the genetic variation and resources that have led to the success of domesticated rice 4 , while other genome clades have contributed relatively little to domestication. (nature.com)

A selector gene is integrated into the plasmid together with the desired target gene and provides the cells with resistance to an antibiotic, such as kanamycin, ampicillin, spectinomycin or tetracycline. (wikipedia.org)
Outside the T-DNA, are located the genes for the opine catabolism, the genes involved in the process of T-DNA transfer from the bacterium to the plant cell, and the genes involved in bacterium-bacterium plasmid conjugative transfer. (wikipedia.org)
The Ti plasmid also contains the genes for opine catabolism produced by the crown gall cells and regions for conjugative transfer and for its own integrity and stability. (wikipedia.org)
spacer) and 3 plasmid loci ( ospC , dbpA , and BBD14). (cdc.gov)
11 The common genetic loci are invasion plasmid antigen H ( ipaH ), invasion plasmid antigen genes ( ipaBCD) and invasion associated locus ( ial ). (researchsquare.com)

Our system provides an efficient targeting strategy for multiplex genome/epigenome editing, simultaneous activation/repression of multiple genes and beyond. (nature.com)

however, chromosomal accessory genes could also play a role in AMR. (ox.ac.uk)

Stable integration of the Pa Loc is suggested by its single chromosomal location and the clade specificity of its different genetic variants. (whiterose.ac.uk)
The genetic organization of the clade 3 Pa Loc was unique in containing a stably integrated novel trans poson (designated Tn6218), variants of which were found at multiple chromosomal locations. (whiterose.ac.uk)
By using CRISPR technology, these genes or gene variants can be moved into desirable genetic backgrounds that can be further moved via conventional crossing in later generations. (ufl.edu)

The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stric- maintenance of these clonal complexes in natural bacterial to, distinguished by outer surface protein C ( ospC ) gene populations ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Here we obtained a well-resolved polymorphism type of intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence phylogeny of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto clonal complexes (corresponding to the ospC- A and -B groups) is associated by using multilocus sequence typing at housekeeping loci with hematogenous dissemination in patients with early as well as loci under adaptive evolution. (cdc.gov)
Four ospC clonal complexes dence of genetic endemism, recent migration events, and (A, B, I, and K groups) were found to be more likely than recombinant genomic types. (cdc.gov)

However, its location suggests that it might be allelic to a lesion-mimic mutant gene spl5, some alleles of which are resistant to several Xoo races. (bvsalud.org)
The distribution of alleles in wild populations of O. meridionalis was discussed from the perspective of genetic differentiation of populations. (bvsalud.org)
All six loci were highly polymorphic, with an average of 11.2 alleles per locus. (houstonmethodist.org)
Further analysis of two overlapping deficiency lines and mutant alleles led to identification of genetic interactions between the CDK8-CycC pair and the components of the Decapentaplegic (Dpp, the Drosophila homolog of TGFβ, or Transforming Growth Factor-β) signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)

This approach is known as 'CRISPR' gene editing. (ufl.edu)
We anticipate that, over the next decade, CRISPR and other gene editing techniques will be used to rapidly develop elite strawberry varieties with improved disease resistance, fruit quality, and other valuable attributes. (ufl.edu)
What is CRISPR gene editing? (ufl.edu)
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is one form of gene editing that can be used to precisely modify a gene of interest without otherwise compromising the favorable traits of an elite variety (Rani et al. (ufl.edu)
Does CRISPR gene editing = transgenic technology? (ufl.edu)
We published another article about CRISPR gene editing in crop improvement ( https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1334 ). (ufl.edu)
We further demonstrated successful examples of multiple targeting including chromosomal deletions in human cells using the all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 vectors constructed with our novel system. (nature.com)
Genome editing using clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is an easy and efficient strategy for the generation of gene-modified cells and organisms 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
21.1.2 Evaluate your Cas9 gene editing vectors: CRISPR/Cas Mediated Genome Engineering - Is your CRISPR gRNA optimized for your cell lines? (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The gonococcal accessory gene pool consisted of 247 genes, which were mainly genes located on large mobile genetic elements, phage associated genes, or genes encoding putative secretion systems. (ox.ac.uk)
A putative regulatory gene ( mrkE ) located upstream of mrkA has been described previously in Klebsiella pneumoniae [ 37 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PacBio Iso-Seq data were generated for five distinct tissues to improve the functional annotation of 34,587 protein-coding genes and 42,329 transcripts. (nature.com)

There are 4 major subfamilies of emm genes, which are defined by sequence differences within the 3' end, encoding the peptidoglycan-spanning domain. (medscape.com)
The natural Cas9 protein possesses a nuclease activity and can induce a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in any genomic sequence guided by a gRNA, provided that a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence exists in the target locus 3 , 4 , 5 . (nature.com)

10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)

1998). Different chromosomal-determined genetic elements have shown their functional role in the attachment of A. tumefaciens to the plant cell and bacterial colonization: the loci chvA and chvB, involved in the synthesis and excretion of the b -1,2 glucan (Cangelosi et al. (wikipedia.org)

Most autosomal dominant loci cause postlingual hearing impairment, with some exceptions such as DFNA3, DFNA8, DFNA12 , and DFNA19 . (bredagenetics.com)

The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)

Therefore, no apparent defects in innate susceptibility based on the degree of bacterial proliferation and time to death were found for IL-21-deficient compared with control mice after high-dose L. monocytogenes infection. (atm-signaling.com)

xa19 is not allelic to the known Xoo resistant genes. (bvsalud.org)
Together with xa20 and xa42, three Xoo resistant genes were induced from IR24 by MNU. (bvsalud.org)

The study was conducted according to a method that was designed to assess the potential mutagenicity of the test item on the thymidine kinase, TK +/-, locus of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line. (europa.eu)
In the in vitro test on mammalian cell gene mutation in the L5178Y TK +/- mouse lymphoma assay, with reliability rating 1,C12-18-alkylbis(hydroxyethyl)methyl, chloride (CAS no 71808-53-2)was not mutagenic in presence of metabolic activation by S9 mix or after long time exposure without metabolic activation by S9 mix. (europa.eu)
The second available genetic toxicity study on C12-18-alkylbis(hydroxyethyl)methyl, chloride (CAS no 71808-53-2) is the in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells, (OECD Guideline 476), which is GLP compliant and has reliability rating 1. (europa.eu)

The review highlights the discovery of oncogenes and suppressor tumor genes, underlining the crucial role of these achievements in cancer diagnosis and therapies. (jcancer.org)

In particular, gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of siderophores aerobactin ( iuc ) and salmochelin ( iro ) are associated with invasive disease and are common amongst hypervirulent K . pneumoniae clones that cause severe community-associated infections such as liver abscess and pneumonia. (biomedcentral.com)

While broad coverage of MDI Category substances is availalbe for bacterial gene mutation, additional OECD 471 studies will be conducted on all remaining data-gaps to complete the data set. (europa.eu)
The method was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals NO.476 'In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests', Method B17 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 of 30 May 2008, the US EPA OPPTS 870.5300 Guideline, and be acceptable to the Japanese METI/MHLW guidelines for testing of new chemical substances. (europa.eu)

The mrk gene cluster is similar to other fimbrial operons of the chaperone-usher class in that it contains genes encoding major ( mrkA ) and minor ( mrkF ) subunit proteins as well as chaperone- ( mrkB ), usher- ( mrkC ) and adhesin- ( mrkD ) encoding genes [ 37 , 38 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)

The antibiotic gene is not usually transferred to the plant cell but instead remains within the bacterial cell. (wikipedia.org)
This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)

Phylogeny revealed that the duplications occurred first between chromosomal regions and then inside each region. (inra.fr)

While non-genetic aetiologies for RS have been proposed, 31, 32 there are a number of reported cases describing chromosomal abnormalities associated with the non-syndromic or isolated RS 33- 37 implicating an underlying genetic component (table 1). (bmj.com)

For the gene family, see B-cell CLL/lymphoma . (wikipedia.org)

We have used this method to map an operon involved in intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells, a trait with implications for chronic infection, bacterial persistence, and trafficking of cells to different body sites. (drexel.edu)
Furthermore, no significant differences in L. monocytogenes bacterial burden were identified for IL-21-deficient mice compared with control mice at each time-point within the first 7 days post-infection even with this reduced L. monocytogenes dose (Fig. 1b). (atm-signaling.com)
In both groups of mice, the bacterial burden was sustained over the first 72 hr after infection, and then declined to levels that approached the limits of detection by day 5 post-infection. (atm-signaling.com)

Bacterial blight is an important rice disease caused by bacteria named Xanthomonas oryzae pv. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. (bvsalud.org)
punicae (Xap) causes bacterial blight disease in pomegranates, often leading to 60-80% economic loss. (mdpi.com)

The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)

As originally described by Lancefield, beta-hemolytic streptococci can be divided into many groups based on the antigenic differences in group-specific polysaccharides located in the bacterial cell wall. (medscape.com)

Pioneering work in the late 1990s through early 2010s resulted in vectors for gene deletion and expression in Clavibacter , but there is still reliance on these tools despite known limitations. (biorxiv.org)

10 The virulence gene has become a significant marker of pathogenic bacteria. (researchsquare.com)

For example, instead of breeding for many years to move a disease resistance gene from a wild strawberry into a modern strawberry, gene editing allows a direct introduction of the genetic information. (ufl.edu)
The UF/IFAS strawberry breeding program has identified several important gene regions controlling disease resistance traits that are directly relevant to Florida growers. (ufl.edu)
None of these studies links the presence or absence or the variability of these genes to clinical disease. (biomedcentral.com)
2005. Gene delivery of human apolipoprotein E alters brain Abeta burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. . (cornell.edu)
F. psychrophilum cause either skin, gills and fin lesions Selleck SCH727965 as well as systemic disease in internal fish organs, the so called Bacterial Cold Water disease (BCW) and Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome (RTFS), which can both lead to high mortality in the populations affected [4, 10]. (peptidescost.com)
With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)
In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)

To identify upstream regulators or downstream effectors of CDK8, a dominant modifier genetic screen was performed in Drosophila based on the defects in vein patterning caused by specific depletion or overexpression of CDK8 or CycC in developing wing imaginal discs. (sdbonline.org)
Sequencing and other techniques may reveal the actual genetic defects in these patients. (medscape.com)

In a test conducted to a Japanese method using CHL cells, which does not conform to EC/OECD requirements, t he test substance induced numerical chromosomal aberrations dose-dependently within the dose range of 125 - 500 µg/ml in the 48 h treatment by the direct method, and 500 - 5000 µg/ml in the group without S9 mix by the metabolic activation method, respectively. (europa.eu)

That study showed that a single codon change in the cps gene, encoding a glycosyl transferase, altered the substrate specificity, caused the biosynthesis of heterogeneous capsule repeating units, and resulted in a new hybrid capsule type. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, the prevalence of the PMQR determinant genes was also investigated. (researchsquare.com)

Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)
Recent technology has been developed to precisely engineer genes for traits of interest. (ufl.edu)
However, just as each cultivar has different traits and qualities, they also behave differently with respect to introduction of new genes. (ufl.edu)

Tn6218 elements were Tn916-related but non conjugative and occasionally contained genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. (whiterose.ac.uk)

C12-18-alkylbis(hydroxyethyl)methyl, chloride (CAS no 71808-53-2) was tested for genetic toxicity in three in vitro tests. (europa.eu)

Expression profiling results for selected genes were confirmed by quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (tech-strategy.org)

Direct and indirect ionization of DNA is ultimately responsible for the DNA alterations that adversely affect the structural and genetic integrity of the system. (cdc.gov)
The immune system consists of a large number of molecules and processes, and immunodeficiencies can therefore be caused by genetic alterations at many loci. (lu.se)

Anatomy24

Organisms8

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes97

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Pathogen7

Genomic loci3

Antimicrobial resistance4

Strains17

Sequences11

Genome-wide4

Virulence genes3

Chromosome6

Plasmids5

Chromosomes4

Thymidine kinase locus2

Isolates10

Whole-genome4

Molecular3

Resistance genes2

Mutations6

Pathogenicity2

Recombination5

Genotypes2

Pathogens2

Diversity7

Targeted mutagenesis2

Reverse mutation assay2

Multi-locus3

Species3

Plasmid5

Multiple genes1

Accessory genes1

Variants3

Clonal complexes3

Alleles4

CRISPR9

Putative2

Protein-codin1

Sequence2

Encode1

19981

Autosomal1

Deoxyribonucleic acid1

Susceptibility1

Resistant genes2

Mouse lymphoma3

Tumor1

Pneumoniae1

Mutation2

Proteins1

Genomes1

Antibiotic2

Phylogeny1

Abnormalities1

Lymphoma1

Infection3

Blight3

Natural populations1

Differences1

Vectors1

Bacteria1

Disease7

Defects2

OECD1

Specificity1

Prevalence1

Traits3

Conjugative1

Vitro1

Quantitative1

Alterations2