Genes gene silencing. Medical search. Frequent questions

The fragments integrate into a multi-subunit protein called the RNA-induced silencing complex, which contains Argonaute proteins that are essential components of the RNAi pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Since genes use RNA molecules to make proteins, these snippets effectively "silence" genes that carry the same sequence. (newscientist.com)
The gene-silencer in question is Argonaute 2, a molecular machine in cells that can grab and destroy the RNA transcripts of specific genes, preventing them from being translated into proteins. (scripps.edu)
Argonaute 2 and other Argonaute proteins regulate the influence of about a third of the genes found in humans and other mammals-and thus are among the most important modulators of our cells' day-to-day activities. (scripps.edu)
they are taken up by Argonaute proteins as guide RNAs and lead to the silencing of targeted gene transcripts. (scripps.edu)
In a previous study, the researchers found that in estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative mammary cell lines of women who have been affected with breast cancer, the tumor-suppressing gene pRb2/p130 binds to a specific region of the estrogen receptor gene alpha and forms molecular complexes recruiting and/or interacting with several proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
They discovered that in estrogen receptor-negative cells - which are able to silence the expression of the estrogen receptor - pRb2/p130 forms a specific molecular complex recruiting a different sequence of proteins than in the estrogen receptor-positive cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Our hypothesis is that the sequence of epigenetic events for establishing and maintaining the silenced state of the estrogen receptor gene alpha during the breast cancer progression is mediated by pRb2/p130 in association with specific proteins that modified the DNA structure through specific mechanisms," said Giordano, who discovered the Rb2 gene while working at Temple's Fels Cancer Institute in the early 1990s. (sciencedaily.com)
In order to switch off a gene, they interact with so called Argonaute proteins - the subsequent complex induces the shutdown or even degradation of the genetic information. (mpg.de)
But they also have important regulatory functions: Small noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) influence mRNA stability and are able to switch off genes by stalling their translation into proteins. (mpg.de)
However, miRNAs can't shut off genes on their own: They need to form complexes with other proteins. (mpg.de)
The update on RNA-silencing focused on Argonaute2, which is a protein that can switch-off a gene by intercepting and slicing the gene's RNA transcripts before they are translated as proteins. (isaaa.org)
Soybean gene functions cannot be easily interrogated through transgenic disruption (knock-out) of genes-of-interest, or transgenic overexpression of proteins-of-interest, because soybean transformation is time-consuming and technically challenging. (researchsquare.com)
PRKRA gene mutations result in production of abnormal PACT proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
The term RASopathies includes disorders with mutations in the genes that code for the proteins of the RAS/MAPK pathway, such as neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Legius syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, Costello syndrome, and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. (medscape.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Gene silencing is considered a gene knockdown mechanism since the methods used to silence genes, such as RNAi, CRISPR, or siRNA, generally reduce the expression of a gene by at least 70% but do not eliminate it[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Eighty-five healthy adults were given a nasal spray containing either a placebo or siRNA designed to silence one of the genes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is the leading cause of infant hospitalisation in the US but fairly harmless in healthy adults. (newscientist.com)
The protein is associated with microtubules , and Chatterjee and colleagues silenced the gene via short interfering RNA (siRNA) a molecular biological mechanism to study genes, targeting the CKAP5 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery. (medicalxpress.com)
Enhancement of allele discrimination by introduction of nucleotide mismatches into siRNA in allele-specific gene silencing by RNAi," Ohnishi et al. (cureffi.org)
In addition, we also suggest that nucleotide mismatches at the 3′-ends of sense-strand siRNA elements, which possibly increase the assembly of antisense-strand (guide) siRNAs into RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), may enhance ASP-RNAi in the case of inert siRNA duplexes. (cureffi.org)
Therefore, the data presented here suggest that structural modification of functional portions of an siRNA duplex by base substitution could greatly influence allele discrimination and gene silencing, thereby contributing to enhancement of ASP-RNAi. (cureffi.org)
Silencing the YBX1 gene (which encodes the YB-1 protein) by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was performed in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T breast cancer cell lines, followed by phenotypic assays including cell migration and invasion assays. (biomedcentral.com)
siRNA-mediated silencing of CORO1C and down-regulation of YBX1 in CORO1C overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
Silencing of CORO1C by siRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells was also observed to reduce cell migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
siRNA off-target effects can be reduced by using more specific reagents or narrowing the assay focus (to reduce the number of relevant genes). (sitoolsbiotech.com)
If an siRNA down-regulates a large number of genes, or if an assay phenotype can be induced by a large number of genes, the probability of observing an off-target phenotype increases. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
As noted in earlier studies of gene expression following siRNA treatment (e.g. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
Assuming different numbers of down-regulated genes (off-target) and different numbers of potent genes involved in assay pathways, we can try to estimate the probability of an siRNA giving an off-target effect. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
Gene silencing through the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a primary tool for identifying disease-causing genes. (labettor.com)
There are several aspects for preparing and delivering effective siRNA to knockdown a target gene. (labettor.com)
If a validated siRNA sequence for your target gene is not available, use siRNA generated against the entire target gene ORF. (labettor.com)
The requirements for such a protocol are to establish virus infection and generation of siRNA molecules for induction of gene silencing in the pea roots before they become AMF colonized. (biomedcentral.com)

These molecules work by cleaving mRNA molecules, essentially silencing the genes that produced them. (wikipedia.org)
The guide or antisense strand of the fragment that remains bound to RISC directs the sequence-specific silencing of the target mRNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Importin 8 interacts with Ago and miRNA and is necessary for the binding of the AgomiRNA-complex to a variety of mRNA targets: In the cytoplasm - i.e. the intracellular space outside the nucleus - it recruits the complex to its target, allowing for efficient and specific gene-silencing. (mpg.de)
microRNAs (miRNAs) silence gene expression by suppressing protein production and/or by promoting mRNA decay. (ox.ac.uk)

Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules used to inhibit gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
But blood samples showed that the risk of RSV infection did not depend on levels of immune molecules, suggesting that RNAi's protective effect was due to the silencing of genes. (newscientist.com)
Pharmaceutical R&D is constantly looking into the potential effects of new molecules on specific genes with incredible precision and verifiable results. (biobide.com)
Morpholinos are oligomer molecules that are useful for modifying the expression of genes. (biobide.com)
These specialized molecules give researchers and scientists the means to block access to specific RNA and silence targeted genes for precise experimentation. (biobide.com)
Having full control over the entire process allows for in-depth research around how molecules and chemical compounds affect every aspect of a cell and its genes. (biobide.com)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process used by cells to regulate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
The process to silence genes first begins with the entrance of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule into the cell, which triggers the RNAi pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Surprisingly, most of these discarded genes play a part in RNA interference or RNAi, a process that preserves the integrity of the genome in fungi and other organisms. (sciencedaily.com)
Surprisingly, most of these discarded genes play a part in RNA interference or RNAi, a defense mechanism employed by fungi and other organisms to protect the integrity of their genomes. (sciencedaily.com)
Five years ago, researchers in the Heitman lab participated in an international collaborative consortium to sequence the genome of this outbreak species and discovered that it had lost two genes involved in RNAi, a process previously thought to be key to its survival. (sciencedaily.com)
The RNAi gene-silencing machinery normally shreds the genetic instructions for harmful viruses or silences rogue genes that might contaminate the fungus' genome. (sciencedaily.com)
But Cryptococcus deuterogatti had holes in its genome where the two RNAi genes should have been. (sciencedaily.com)
Armed with this information, Billmyre hypothesized that other genes in this missing set of genes might also function in RNAi. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers then conducted a number of genetic and molecular analyses to determine if any of these lost genes played a role in RNAi. (sciencedaily.com)
They mutated each of the genes in Cryptococcus neoformans , which has fully functioning RNAi machinery, to see if these genes were needed for the fungi to silence extra genetic material. (sciencedaily.com)
Joseph Heitman, the James B. Duke professor and chair of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, said he expected to find maybe one or two other genes involved in RNAi. (sciencedaily.com)
We could have imagined that the species lost a couple of RNAi genes, and then a smattering of genes involved in all other kinds of processes," said Heitman. (sciencedaily.com)
Allele-specific gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) is therapeutically useful for specifically inhibiting the expression of disease-associated alleles without suppressing the expression of corresponding wild-type alleles. (cureffi.org)
In a previous study, we developed an assay system to assess ASP-RNAi with mutant and wild-type reporter alleles encoding the Photinus and Renilla luciferase genes. (cureffi.org)

The researcher says this study provides a basis for understanding how the complex pattern of estrogen receptor gene alpha methylation and transcriptional silencing is generated, as well as for understanding the relationship between this pattern and its function during breast cancer progression. (sciencedaily.com)
In this work, gene therapy proposed at the pre-transcriptional level intends to silence mutation of the target gene, thereby inhibiting or silencing gene expression in the form of a defective protein. (amrita.edu)
Both genes are involved in transcriptional repression and we speculate their involvement in FXN gene silencing. (frontiersin.org)
The epigenetic basis for transcriptional silencing in FRDA is now well established ( 5 - 8 , 13 , 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
These findings suggest that miRNAs mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing by more than one mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
This triggers post-transcriptional silencing through the production of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which target the viral RNA for degradation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Now his group has identified the first protein factor which is required for gene-silencing by Ago-miRNA-complexes: Importin 8. (mpg.de)
It means miRNA turns off protective genes in what is called down regulating (Gene Silencing) of those genes. (ldsfreedomforum.com)
Target-specific requirements for enhancers of decapping in miRNA-mediated gene silencing. (ox.ac.uk)
To elucidate how silencing is accomplished, we screened an RNA interference library for suppressors of miRNA-mediated regulation in Drosophila melanogaster cells. (ox.ac.uk)

RNA-silencing requires an Argonaute protein and guide RNA called microRNA. (isaaa.org)

Gene silencing is often considered the same as gene knockdown. (wikipedia.org)
While knockdown of YBX1 gene decreased CORO1C gene expression, the opposite effects were seen in YB-1 overexpressing cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This suggests that the down-regulated genes are not the downstream result of target gene knockdown (i.e. they are mostly off-target). (sitoolsbiotech.com)

This in turn can be used to better identify and study the specific genes involved in the development of cancer. (genengnews.com)
Gene silencing refers to a type of gene editing that prevents specific genes from expressing their traits. (biobide.com)
Using morpholinos to silence specific genes makes it possible to learn about very specific interactions between DNA and gene expression. (biobide.com)
Morpholinos allow for viable research into gene expression, connecting specific traits to specific genes. (biobide.com)
The benefits of a highly scalable vertebrate animal model that retains much of the human disease gene DNA, generates viable data about how diseases and new drugs affect specific genes. (biobide.com)

In this respect, they match the miRNAs much better than the natural gene transcripts that the miRNAs evolved to target. (scripps.edu)
De confirmed that decoy RNAs designed to match miRNAs this way can greatly hasten the miRNAs' "unloading" from Argonautes, thus effectively dialing down these miRNAs' normal gene-silencing activities. (scripps.edu)
Small noncoding ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are important regulators of genes. (mpg.de)
Comparable to a 'Trojan horse', it can be assumed that a whole series of metabolic events will be triggered as a positive feedback loop in any given gene network that is regulated by miRNAs. (ldsfreedomforum.com)
Drosha, Pasha, Dicer-1, AGO1, and GW182), the screen identified the decapping activator Ge-1 as being required for silencing by miRNAs. (ox.ac.uk)

Artificially mismatched siRNAs or short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against mutant alleles of the human Prion Protein ( PRNP ) gene, which appear to be associated with susceptibility to prion diseases, were examined using this assessment system. (cureffi.org)
compiled 164 different microarray experiments measuring gene expression following transfection with siRNAs. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
few of the down-regulated genes are shared between siRNAs with the same target gene. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
High-complexity pooling of siRNAs (e.g. with siPOOLs) can reduce the number of down-regulated genes. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
We can see that even if there are only 20 assay-potent genes, there's a nearly 10% chance of getting an off-target phenotype when siRNAs down-regulate 100 off-target genes (which is close to the average observed in the Garcia dataset). (sitoolsbiotech.com)
In a genome-wide screen of 20,000 genes with 3 siRNAs per gene, we would thus expect 2,000 off-target siRNAs. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
Note that one of the major simplifying assumptions of the above analysis is that all siRNAs have the same number of down-regulated off-target genes. (sitoolsbiotech.com)

The antisense oligonucleotides can affect gene expression in two ways: by using an RNase H-dependent mechanism or by using a steric blocking mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
A team led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) has found how to boost or inhibit a gene-silencing mechanism that normally serves as a major controller of cells' activities. (scripps.edu)
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) exploits a natural defence mechanism in plants against virus infection [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Overexpression and silencing of YBX1 were performed to assess the expression of CORO1C , one of the differentially regulated genes from the transcriptomic analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
An attractive alternative is to administer transient gene silencing or overexpression with a plant virus-based vector. (researchsquare.com)
However, existing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and/or overexpression vectors suitable for soybean have various drawbacks that hinder their widespread adoption. (researchsquare.com)

In particular, methods used to silence genes are being increasingly used to produce therapeutics to combat cancer and other diseases, such as infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, attempts are being made to use ribozymes to produce gene silencing therapeutics, which would silence genes that are responsible for causing diseases. (wikipedia.org)
With biomedical R&D and the pharmaceutical industry as a whole becoming increasingly competitive, gene silencing is almost a necessity for anyone trying to stay ahead of the curve and find new treatments and therapeutics before the competition. (biobide.com)

In addition, they provide a more complete view on the development of diseases since diseases are generally associated with genes that have a reduced expression. (wikipedia.org)
This new finding can be helpful in understanding a process called RNA-silencing and use it to treat diseases. (isaaa.org)
If this is done for example with some neurological protective genes or say cancer protective genes it would would remove the bodies gene security guard against those diseases. (ldsfreedomforum.com)
The Knock Out Mouse Project - They took 600 mice and selectively knocked out (Silenced/switched off) singular genes and tested what diseases knocking out each gene would lead to. (ldsfreedomforum.com)
Many diseases interact with multiple genes in complex and hard-to-predict ways that could be missed if a gene is erased. (biobide.com)

SIGS against each of these six E. necator genes showed significant and reproducible reduction in powdery mildew growth and reproduction on grapevine. (avf.org)
The protocol produced reproducible silencing of both symbiosis genes at levels which were sufficient to produce symbiotic phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)

Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. (wikipedia.org)
Specific gene-silencing is involved in the development of cancer and plays an essential role in gene regulation. (mpg.de)
Possibly it is involved in gene regulation, too. (mpg.de)
The LCR interacts with β-globin gene cluster involving long range DNA interactions mediated by various transcription factors to drive the regulation of globin genes expression. (kcl.ac.uk)

With the continued support of AVF in Year 2, we screened powdery mildew genes prioritized to impact metabolic and regulatory pathways critical to powdery mildew colonization, growth, and reproduction. (avf.org)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an alternative functional genomics tool for soybean because it does not involve the generation of inheritable changes. (researchsquare.com)
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an alternative reverse genetics tool for silencing of genes in some plants, which are difficult to transform. (biomedcentral.com)
The pea early-browning virus (PEBV) has been developed as a VIGS vector and used in pea for functional analysis of several genes. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the available PEBV-VIGS protocols are inadequate for studying genes involved in the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). (biomedcentral.com)
Here we describe a PEBV-VIGS protocol suitable for reverse genetics studies in pea of genes involved in the symbiosis with AMF and show its effectiveness in silencing genes involved in the early and late stages of AMF symbiosis. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of VIGS vectors for P. sativum , G. max and P. vulgaris has paved the way for functional analysis of plant symbiosis genes in crop legumes and the transfer of knowledge from model legumes to crop plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Here our aim was to develop a "mycorrhiza-PEBV-VIGS protocol", to extend the use of VIGS for functional studies of pea genes involved in the symbiosis with AMF. (biomedcentral.com)
The silencing potential of the mycorrhiza-PEBV-VIGS protocol was evaluated using two target genes PsSym19 and PsPT4 , with known mutant phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)

Further studies of this new finding aims to use it to find "therapeutic weapons" against disease-causing genes or a cell's overactive guide RNA. (isaaa.org)

Global gene expression profiling in the YBX1 silenced MDA-MB-231 cells identified differential expression of several genes, including CORO1C (which encodes for an actin binding protein, coronin-1C) as a potential downstream target of YB-1. (biomedcentral.com)

Genomic Imprinting Paramutation Transposon silencing (or Histone Modifications) Transgene silencing Position effect RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA interference RNA silencing Nonsense mediated decay Transvection Meiotic silencing of unpaired DNA Antisense oligonucleotides were discovered in 1978 by Paul Zamecnik and Mary Stephenson. (wikipedia.org)

TTC expansion mutation is to reduce expression of frataxin at the level of transcription ( 3 ), through the formation of heterochromatin and subsequent gene silencing ( 4 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
We report an infant with sickle cell disease phenotype by biochemical analysis whose β-globin gene (HBB) sequencing showed sickle cell mutation (HBB S ) heterozygosity. (kcl.ac.uk)
In some cases, one mutation is inherited from an unaffected parent and the other is a new (de novo) mutation in the gene that occurs during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) in the other parent or in early embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
At the time of diagnosis, the vast majority of these tumors will exhibit a mutation of the IDH1/2 gene and up to one half will exhibit gene mutation or deregulation of the expression of the TP53 gene. (medscape.com)
LEOPARD syndrome may be caused by heterozygous missense mutation of Tyr 279 Cys in the PTPN11 gene. (medscape.com)
[ 12 ] In one Bosnian family, five patients had the same recurrent mutation Y279C in the PTPN11 gene, but had different phenotypes and a variable expression of multiple lentigines. (medscape.com)

In the current study, lead by Antonio Giordano, M.D., Ph.D., director of the Sbarro Institute, the researchers showed that the presence of specific pRb2/p130 multimolecular complexes bound to the estrogen receptor gene strongly correlates with the methylation (chemical modification) of the gene. (sciencedaily.com)
In other words, the presence of a specific pRb2/p130 multimolecular complex may dictate a local change of the DNA structure of the estrogen receptor alpha gene and influence its susceptibility to chemical modification (DNA methylation), as well as to different epigenetic alterations leading to estrogen receptor alpha silencing," added Marcella Macaluso, research assistant professor at the Sbarro Institute and the study's lead author. (sciencedaily.com)
The silencing of NDRG1 in SW620 was not due to promoter hyper-methylation as bisulfite sequencing of the NDRG1 promoter showed minimal DNA methylation in both cell lines. (nih.gov)

TTC triplet repeat expansion in an intron of the nuclear FXN gene, which encodes the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
LEOPARD syndrome, also known as Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder most often caused by missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. (medscape.com)

When genes are silenced, their expression is reduced. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, when genes are knocked out, they are completely erased from the organism's genome and, thus, have no expression. (wikipedia.org)
GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
On the other hand, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed a significantly higher level of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) association with the NDRG1 promoter in SW480 compared to SW620, in agreement with its gene expression level. (nih.gov)
Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome 2.0 array was subsequently carried out in YB-1 silenced MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Silencing of YBX1 caused a similar reduction in CORO1C expression , concomitant with a significant decrease in migration in Hs578T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
While gene silencing reduces the expression of a gene and its associated trait, other types of gene editing can completely eliminate them. (biobide.com)
Modern gene editing makes use of incredible tools like CRISPR or morpholinos to specifically silence target genes, reducing th eir expression and changing how traits manifest in animal model organisms. (biobide.com)
Once that specific gene has its expression reduced, there should be a noticeable drop in the amount of protein that can then be measured and observed in the actual organism itself. (biobide.com)
A comparison of gene expression profiles in cells depleted of AGO1 or of individual decapping activators shows that approximately 15% of AGO1-targets are also regulated by Ge-1, DCP1, and HPat, whereas 5% are dependent on EDC3 and LSm1-7. (ox.ac.uk)
tures and gene expression patterns. (lu.se)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)

Methods using gene silencing are often considered better than gene knockouts[citation needed] since they allow researchers to study essential genes that are required for the animal models to survive and cannot be removed. (wikipedia.org)
It's important to note the difference between gene silencing and other methods of gene editing. (biobide.com)

The new CPSMV-derived FZ vector provides a convenient and versatile soybean functional genomics tool that is expected to accelerate the characterization of soybean genes controlling crucial productivity traits. (researchsquare.com)

Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
Changing an assay to make the phenotypic readout narrower (to reduce the number of genes capable of inducing a phenotype) is one way to reduce the risk of off-target phenotypes. (sitoolsbiotech.com)

The team showed the therapeutic potential in an ovarian cancer model with an 80% survival rate of silenced-CKAP5 lipid nanoparticle-treated animals. (medicalxpress.com)
Beyond that, gene silencing ensures any genes necessary for survival, leading to data that is more practically applicable and usable in future preclinical trials. (biobide.com)

In contrast, a more specific reagent that only down-regulates 5 off-target genes only has a 0.5% change of producing an off-target phenotype. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
As the number of assay-potent genes increases, the probability of getting an off-target phenotype approaches one. (sitoolsbiotech.com)

With NCI funding, Open Biosystems will functionally validate the knock-down efficiency of shRNAmir lentiviral constructs when targeting specific cancer genes. (genengnews.com)
FZ-based silencing constructs induced robust silencing of phytoene desaturase genes in N. benthamiana , multiple soybean accessions, and cowpea. (researchsquare.com)

Argonautes' gene-silencing functions also help cells cope with rogue genetic activity from invading viruses or cancer-promoting DNA mutations. (scripps.edu)
Dystonia 16 is caused by mutations in the PRKRA gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called PACT. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear why brain cells are particularly affected by PRKRA gene mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
which means both copies of the PRKRA gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Molecular data have indicated a direct progression from diffuse astrocytoma to anaplastic astrocytoma to glioblastoma in patients whose tumors bear mutations in the IDH1/2 genes and TP53 genes, a finding that marks the pathogenic pathway of 5% of all glioblastomas. (medscape.com)
in addition, they indicated recurrent mutations in the promoter region of telomerase (TERT) that reactivates the gene. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] Molecular studies have proven that LEOPARD syndrome and Noonan syndrome are allelic disorders caused by different missense mutations in PTPN11, a gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 located at band 12q24.1. (medscape.com)
In 2006, Tartaglia et al reported that germline mutations in the PTPN11 gene cause LEOPARD and Noonan syndromes, whereas somatic mutations in the same gene contribute to leukemogenesis. (medscape.com)

N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) plays vital roles in tumor metastasis suppression and is frequently silenced in metastatic colon cancers. (nih.gov)

The outcomes highlighted the importance of the gene of interest as a therapeutic target to investigate genetically unstable ovarian cancers to further elucidate its mechanisms of action. (medicalxpress.com)
All selected G. orontii target genes had homologs in E. necator and are conserved among powdery mildews. (avf.org)
dsRNA against individual target genes were designed, applied exogenously and the growth of powdery mildew was quantified. (avf.org)
The initial screening of target genes was done using the Arabidopsis-powdery mildew system as it was faster than grapevine. (avf.org)
Fifteen out of 16 novel gene targets tested, identified using this pipeline, showed significant reduction in powdery mildew growth in G. orontii-Arabidopsis system that increased our success rate of target prediction to 94% from 60% in the previous year. (avf.org)

Recent research has shed light on a potential biomarker for early metastasis, namely Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) encoded by the YBX1 gene. (biomedcentral.com)

We optimized dsRNA design, application method, dosage, timing of application and powdery mildew growth assessment for testing of SIGS against gene targets in both Golovinomyces orontii-Arabidopsis and Erysiphe necator-grapevine systems. (avf.org)
Starting with a microscopic focus on chemical compounds and DNA, scientists use gene silencing as a way to test any identified targets that show signs of potentially becoming the focus of a new drug. (biobide.com)

The low Pol II binding at the NDRG1 promoter in SW620 was associated with gene-wide decrease in histone H4 acetylation and increase in histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
Histone post-translational modifications near the expanded repeats are consistent with heterochromatin formation and consequent FXN gene silencing. (frontiersin.org)
By interrogating microarray data from neuronal cells treated with inhibitors of different specificity, we selected two genes encoding histone macroH2A ( H2AFY2 ) and Polycomb group ring finger 2 ( PCGF2 ) that were specifically down-regulated by the inhibitors targeting HDACs1 and 3 versus the more selective inhibitors for further investigation. (frontiersin.org)

Learning to control natural gene silencing processes will allow an entirely new approach to treating human disease," said Ian J. MacRae, associate professor in TSRI's Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and principal investigator for the study, which appears as the cover story in the May 9, 2013 issue of the journal Molecular Cell . (scripps.edu)
As we realised that our new factor is an Importin, it was an obvious supposition that transport processes might play a role in gene-silencing", explains Meister. (mpg.de)

The remedial alternative to this is treatment at the genetic level which quite obviously points out to gene therapy. (amrita.edu)

By contrast, mismatches at the 3' end delayed unloading, enhancing the gene-silencing activity. (scripps.edu)

Researchers found that the pathogen shed over a dozen different genes as it evolved into a new, more virulent species. (sciencedaily.com)
Now, researchers have found that the pathogen tossed aside over a dozen different genes on its way to becoming a new, more virulent species. (sciencedaily.com)
Once one gene in a pathway is lost, the researchers hypothesize that an organism can find itself on a slippery evolutionary slope as other genes that are no longer of benefit are lost in quick succession. (sciencedaily.com)
Study will provide researchers with a validated set of cancer gene targeting reagents and data. (genengnews.com)
The mechanisms that silence the estrogen receptor gene alpha (ER-α) in certain breast cancer cell lines may be closer to being unlocked, according to a study by researchers at Temple University's Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
Gene silencing gives scientists and researchers a powerful way to control for variables in Early Drug Discovery. (biobide.com)
In fact, avoiding simply erasing a gene has a lot of positive benefits for researchers starting the Drug Discovery process. (biobide.com)

Once a gene is silenced, the other traits of the DNA and how a new drug or disease affect it are easier to see. (biobide.com)

The technique is valuable for research and discovery of new drugs, allowing scientists to observe and record the exact impact of individual genes on the whole biological system. (biobide.com)

The word gene editing is an umbrella term for any type of genetic engineering. (biobide.com)

The ongoing search for better treatments and new cures has many pharmaceutical companies interested in how they can fully make use of gene silencing as a way to discover new potential drugs. (biobide.com)

The mechanisms that silence the estrogen receptor gene alpha, in certain breast cancer cell lines may be closer to being unlocked, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
It's the dialogue among the genes that are writing the sentences, and this finding really writes a very important sentence in the book that we are authoring on uncovering the understanding of how a normal cell functions and why some therapies work or some therapies don't work. (sciencedaily.com)
NDRG1 is silenced in a highly metastatic colon cancer cell line SW620. (nih.gov)
In this work, Chatterjee and the team screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in solid cancer cell lines and in normal non-cancer epithelial cell lines as a negative control. (medicalxpress.com)
which means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

The mean number of down-regulated genes in these experiments was 132 and the median was 68 (down-regulated genes were silenced by 50% or more). (sitoolsbiotech.com)

One gene on its own doesn't mean anything," he explains. (sciencedaily.com)

One of the animal models that have seen the most success with these gene silencing tools is Zebrafish. (biobide.com)
The use of Zebrafish in early Drug Discovery and in particular preclinical studies has seen a significant amount of modified Zebrafish DNA through gene silencing with morpholinos. (biobide.com)

In this study, we focused on the human Prion Protein (PRNP) gene, which is known to possess a number of single nucleotide variations [20] , [21] . (cureffi.org)
The p-values were calculated using the hypergeometric distribution , assuming a population size of 20,000 (the approximate number of protein-coding genes in the human genome). (sitoolsbiotech.com)

The potential of spray induced gene silencing (SIGS) in agricultural pest control has been recently realized. (avf.org)

They found that C. deuterogatti has lost 14 genes compared to the other, less pathogenic, species. (sciencedaily.com)

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms involved in silencing of the NDRG1 gene. (nih.gov)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes4

Information Science2

Proteins16

SiRNA17

MRNA4

Molecules6

RNAi14

Transcriptional6

MiRNA4

Argonaute1

Knockdown3

Specific genes5

MiRNAs5

SiRNAs7

Mechanism3

Overexpression3

Therapeutics3

Diseases5

Reproducible2

Regulation4

Pathways1

VIGS8

Disease-causi1

Several genes1

Interference1

Mutation6

Methylation3

Encodes2

Expression13

Methods2

Functional1

Phenotypes2

Survival2

Phenotype2

Constructs2

Mutations8

Downstream1

Target5

Metastasis1

Targets2

Histone3

Processes2

Therapy1

Mismatches1

Researchers8

Traits1

Scientists1

Genetic1

Pharmaceutical1

Cell6

Experiments1

Explains1

Zebrafish2

Human2

Spray1

Pathogenic1

Potential1