Genes bacterial dna dna superhelical. Medical search. Frequent questions

Elongating RNA polymerases, both bacterial and you will eucaryotic, try in the some elongation affairs, proteins you to reduce steadily the probability that RNA polymerase will dissociate in advance of they reaches the end of an effective gene. (elsafwany.com)
10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
Crucially, the sequence of bases in DNA contains the information for making proteins. (rainis.pics)
A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins which bind to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
In prokaryotes, the supercoiled flagellar filaments are composed largely of a single protein, bacterial or archaeal flagellin, although these two proteins are not homologous, while in eukaryotes, the flagellum contains hundreds of proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Overall, performed studies allowed us to postulate the hypothesis that KfrA type proteins have moonlighting activity - they not only act as transcriptional auto-regulators but form cytoskeletal structures, which might facilitate plasmid DNA delivery and its position in the cells. (edu.pl)
The recently discovered TPR gene family encodes a diverse group of proteins that function in mitosis, transcription, splicing, protein import and neurogenesis. (embl.de)

Circular DNA sequences are present in bacterial, mitochondrial and cancer genomes, and offer promise for the design of gene vectors. (wikipedia.org)
3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
They can carry large inserts of DNA up to 300 kilobases in size, making them ideal for studying the function and organization of genes and genomes. (tutorialspoint.com)

This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
These operons are involved in regulating the expression of genes in bacteria and play an essential role in the survival of these organisms. (tutorialspoint.com)
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria. (lookformedical.com)

Introduction DNA supercoiling is the twisting or coiling of the double helix structure of DNA, resulting in a strain on the molecule. (tutorialspoint.com)
Two of these paired strands make up the DNA molecule, which then twists into a helix. (rainis.pics)
In the more common B form, the DNA helix has a repeat of 10.5 base pairs per turn, with the sugar and phosphate forming the covalent phosphodiester "backbone" of the molecule, and the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine line up in the middle, where the base pairs we know today are, which look like the rungs of a ladder. (rainis.pics)
A unique feature of mitochondria is that they possess their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which codes for subunits of the electron transport chain that eventually leads to the synthesis of the ATP molecule. (csic.es)

The double helix, made up of a pair of DNA strands, has bases in its core that are joined by hydrogen bonds to form base pairs: adenine always paired with thymine and guanine always paired with cytosine. (rainis.pics)

These circular sequences can withstand superhelical stresses, resulting in the formation of DNA supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
To this end, minicircles of DNA (closed double-stranded DNA sequences) have been proposed as model systems. (wikipedia.org)
Earliest, gene regulatory healthy protein known as transcriptional activators join to particular sequences inside DNA which help to attract RNA polymerase II for the start point away from transcription (Contour six-19). (elsafwany.com)
Just like the demonstrated into the Chapter 7, these necessary protein join to certain brief sequences into the DNA. (elsafwany.com)
These types of circumstances typically connect with RNA polymerase just after initiation possess happened that assist polymerases to move from wide selection of other DNA sequences which can be included in genetics. (elsafwany.com)
The microarray technology is based on the hybridization of labelled DNA or RNA molecules to complementary sequences that are immobilized on a solid substrate. (tutorialspoint.com)
Principle of DNA MicroarrayThe principle of DNA microarray technology is based on the hybridization of complementary sequences of nucleic acid molecules. (tutorialspoint.com)
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. (lookformedical.com)
Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes. (lookformedical.com)
Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. (lookformedical.com)

Gene duplication occurs through several mechanisms, including chromosomal duplication, retro transposition, and DNA replication errors. (tutorialspoint.com)
Supercoiling is an essential process that occurs in all living organisms and is critical for a variety of cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and repair. (tutorialspoint.com)

Recombination promoted by superhelical DNA and the recA gene of Escherichia coli. (cornell.edu)

Remarkably, the outer domains rotate nearly 180° between the mono- and tri-pilus conformations, formally similar to what has been shown for outer domains in bacterial flagellar filaments, despite lack of homology between bacterial flagella and archaeal T4P. (bvsalud.org)

Structural basis of mitochondrial DNA transcription and compaction. (csic.es)

Harris developed the mathematical models and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that can accurately describe these DNA supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
eukaryotic topoisomerase I and topoisomerase V). These enzymes are primarily responsible for relaxing positively and/or negatively supercoiled DNA, except for reverse gyrase, which can introduce positive supercoils into DNA. (embl.de)

When a mixture of superhelical DNA (RFI) of phage phiX174 am3 and fragments of single-stranded DNA from wild-type phiX174 was added to spheroplasts of E. coli carrying an amber suppressor, several percent of the progeny phage were recombinant. (cornell.edu)
Unlike Topo IA enzymes, Topo IB enzymes do not require a single-stranded region of DNA or metal ions for their function. (embl.de)
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. (lookformedical.com)

We are now using advanced optical mapping technology to reproduce these maps in the absence of genetic variation, in order to disentangle the role of chromosome structure from the potential for genetic incompatibilities ("speciation genes") skewing our results. (drexel.edu)
Introduction DNA microarrays are powerful tools for analysing gene expression patterns, detecting DNA mutations, and identifying genetic variations. (tutorialspoint.com)
Introduction Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a powerful tool in Genetic Research Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a widely used tool in genetic research for the manipulation and study of DNA. (tutorialspoint.com)
We start with DNA, the genetic information in every cell that is copied and passed from generation to generation. (rainis.pics)
DNA was discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and identified as genetic material in experiments conducted by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty in the 1940s. (rainis.pics)

The new design to own transcription initiation just discussed was depending by the discovering the experience regarding RNA polymerase II and its own standard transcription situations to the refined DNA themes for the vitro. (elsafwany.com)
Because of this, transcription initiation within the an effective eucaryotic telephone is far more complex and needs a whole lot more healthy protein than it does towards the filtered DNA. (elsafwany.com)
Here we simply remember that the visibility into DNA becomes necessary for transcription initiation into the an effective eucaryotic phone. (elsafwany.com)
Because the discussed for the Part cuatro, both type of minerals makes it possible for higher accessibility to the fresh new DNA present in chromatin, and by doing this, it helps the latest system of your own transcription initiation gadgets onto DNA. (elsafwany.com)

We will discuss the mechanism of DNA supercoiling and the role of superhelical stress in DNA structure and function. (tutorialspoint.com)
Molecular modeling and computational analyses suggests that the Sinorhizobium meliloti periplasmic regulator protein ExoR adopts a superhelical fold and is controlled by a unique mechanism of proteolysis. (cuny.edu)
2017). This protein also bears two HMG-boxes but the mechanism of binding is from one side of the DNA, as a staple. (csic.es)

Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, can be considered as the information molecules of the cell. (rainis.pics)
Their binding to DNA inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids. (lookformedical.com)

Transfection by fragments and superhelical DNA produced 20 to 100 times more recombinants than transfection by fragments and either nicked circular DNA or relaxed closed circular DNA. (cornell.edu)
BACs are circular DNA molecules that are derived from the F-factor plasmid found in the bacterium E. coli. (tutorialspoint.com)

This partial requirement for recA was bypassed by transfection with complexes of RFI AM3 DNA and am+ fragments made in vitro. (cornell.edu)
The crystal structures of human topoisomerase I comprising the core and carboxyl-terminal domains in covalent and noncovalent complexes with 22-base pair DNA duplexes reveal an enzyme that 'clamps' around essentially B-form DNA. (embl.de)
2019). In these studies we showed that TFAM/DNA complexes multimerize at higher concentrations. (csic.es)

Today, every biology student knows about the double helix structure of DNA and how G pairs with C and A pairs with T. (rainis.pics)
DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine). (lookformedical.com)
The two helices are denoted helix A and helix B. The packing angle between helix A and helix B is ~24 degrees within a single TPR and generates a right-handed superhelical shape. (embl.de)

Her research investigates biomolecular simulations and the topology of DNA. (wikipedia.org)

Once a gene is duplicated, the two copies can diverge in function through mutations, such as point mutations, deletions, and insertions. (tutorialspoint.com)

DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
Two apparently homologous TFAM binding sites, DNA Site-X and Site-Y, similar to and downstream from LSP, unexpectedly show distinct DNA-structure features and TFAM binds to them in opposite directions, imposing again a U-turn (Cuppari el al. (csic.es)
Our biochemical analyses showed that TFAM binds to DNA structures, such as G-quadruplexes (Lyonnais et al. (csic.es)

Eucaryotic RNA polymerases must contend with chromatin design while they circulate together a great DNA layout. (elsafwany.com)
The Y-family of DNA polymerases. (academicinfluence.com)
Trading places: how do DNA polymerases switch during translesion DNA synthesis? (academicinfluence.com)

Nucleotides that contain deoxyribose are called deoxyribonucleotides and are the forms found in DNA. (rainis.pics)

Indeed, these additional necessary protein assemblies get get in touch with one another away from the DNA and start to become brought to DNA as preformed subcomplexes. (elsafwany.com)
The complementary structure immediately suggested to Watson and Crick how DNA could (and does) replicate, and further explains how information from DNA is transferred to RNA for protein synthesis. (rainis.pics)
The SAD1/RAD53 protein kinase controls multiple checkpoints and DNA damage-induced transcription in yeast. (academicinfluence.com)

The core domain and the first eight residues of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the enzyme, including the active-site nucleophile tyrosine-723, share significant structural similarity with the bacteriophage family of DNA integrases. (embl.de)

A strand of DNA is a polymer of nucleoside monophosphates linked by phosphodiester bonds. (rainis.pics)
An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. (lookformedical.com)

The term nucleotide refers to the building blocks of DNA (deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, dNTP) and RNA (ribonucleoside triphosphate, NTP). (rainis.pics)

Transfection of a recA- strain by RFI DNA and fragments yielded 5-10% as many recombinants as transfection of a rec+ strain. (cornell.edu)
This strain is known as superhelical stress. (tutorialspoint.com)

Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)

Her publications include: Parmbsc1: a refined force field for DNA simulations Cooperativity in drug-DNA recognition: a molecular dynamics study Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA She won the Suffrage Science award in 2019. (wikipedia.org)

In particular, she makes use of molecular dynamics to explore how DNA responds to stress. (wikipedia.org)

Selection for recombinants that acquired the trait, followed by genome-wide profiling of donor-specific allele frequencies, we can rapidly identify the relevant genes. (drexel.edu)

However, the expression of the ATPase and TadC genes was significantly different under the conditions yielding mono- and tri-pili. (bvsalud.org)

H. influenzae , like many other pathogens, is naturally competent, able to actively transport environmental DNA through its cell membranes and incorporate homologous molecules into its chromosomes. (drexel.edu)

not, because the chatted about into the Chapter cuatro, DNA when you look at the eucaryotic tissue was packaged to the nucleosomes, being further set up in highest-order chromatin structures. (elsafwany.com)
In this section, we examine the structures of DNA and RNA and how these structures relate to the functions of these molecules. (rainis.pics)

Introduction Genes are the building blocks of life, and they determine everything from the color of our eyes to our susceptibility to diseases. (tutorialspoint.com)

The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA. (lookformedical.com)

She was a graduate student at the University of Nottingham where she studied the structure and dynamics of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Theoretical investigations of DNA structure and dynamics (PhD thesis). (wikipedia.org)
The race to unravel the structure of DNA was one of the greatest scientific stories of the 20th century. (rainis.pics)
The structure of the "neck" region, where the DNA-filled capsid is connected to the host-recognizing tail remains poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

This region covers both the catalytic core and the DNA-binding domains. (embl.de)

KfrA genes are widely-present in broad-host-range plasmids and have been shown to act as transcriptional auto-regulators. (edu.pl)

Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
by James Watson and Francis Crick to form a model of DNA with which we are familiar today. (rainis.pics)

Introduction Gene duplication is a process in which a gene is copied, creating a second copy of the original gene. (tutorialspoint.com)
This process is essential for evolution as it provides an opportunity for the duplicated gene to evolve new functions while the original gene remains intact. (tutorialspoint.com)

We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
In this article, we will explore the concept of gene duplication and its role in evolution. (tutorialspoint.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes16

Information Science2

Proteins9

Genomes3

Bacteria4

Molecule4

Strands1

Sequences10

Replication2

Recombination1

Archaeal1

Mitochondrial1

Supercoils2

Single-stranded3

Genetic5

Transcription initiation4

Mechanism3

Nucleic2

Circular2

Complexes3

Helix3

Topology1

Mutations1

Binds4

Polymerases3

Nucleotides1

Protein3

Residues1

Phosphodiester2

Nucleotide1

Strain2

Vivo1

Structural1

Molecular1

Genome1

Significantly1

Homologous1

Structures2

BLOCKS1

Enzyme1

Structure4

Domains1

Present1

Model2

Process2

Evolution2