• TGF-β induces the expression of several growth factors and cytokines in prostate stromal cells, including IL-6, and BMP-6. (oncotarget.com)
  • Viallard et al demonstrated that, when stimulated, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eosinophilic fasciitis patients produce significantly higher amounts of five cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. (medscape.com)
  • Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Some cytokines act as competence rather than progression factors, some lack secretory signals, and some must be processed and released from the pericellular matrix or basement membranes (eg transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β ] binding to chondroitin or the keratan sulfate of biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin, or basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth factor binding to the heparin sulfate of glypican, perlecan and syndecan). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, are evaluated as paracrine mediators of endothelial cell function during angioregression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Members of the ADAM family contribute to various physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulation of molecules like growth factors or cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • With high levels of platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines, this combination provides both a living bioscaffold and a multipotent cell replenishment source useful for enhanced musculoskeletal healing. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Because these regions are related to complexed signal transduction pathways mediated by cytokines , it has been proposed that cytokines and neurotropic factors can induce NK-1. (wikidoc.org)
  • Also, SP can induce the cytokines that are capable of inducing NK-1 transcription factors. (wikidoc.org)
  • Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has been frequently implicated in breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 18 These signal exchanges promote activation of some cellular pathways that are essential for DPC growth, function, and survival, such as the activation of Wnt signaling pathway. (benitonovas.com)
  • Instead, recent findings suggest that alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells undergoing EMT promote a pro-fibrotic microenvironment through paracrine signalling activating local fibroblasts. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
  • Therefore, damaging the MECs layer resulted in the release of various factors (such as SDF1/CXCL12, CXCL14, MMP, and tenascin) [ 11 , 12 ] with a potential to modify the tumour microenvironment and facilitate the paracrine communication between the tumour epithelial cells and the enclosed stroma enhancing the tumour aggressiveness [ 11 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)
  • ETs and their receptors have been implicated in cancer progression through autocrine and paracrine pathways [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unique among biological processes, SP release (and expression of its NK1 Receptor (through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine-like processes)) may not naturally subside in diseases marked by chronic inflammation (including cancer). (wikidoc.org)
  • The TAM receptor and ligand expression was evaluated in LMS cell lines and 358 sarcoma samples by either gene expression or immunohistochemistry. (nature.com)
  • CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) causes upregulation of its receptor CX3CR1 on CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes 5. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts through its receptor KDR, a receptor tyrosine kinase 85. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The receptor (5‐HTR) and transporter (5‐HTT) of serotonin (5‐HT), and VPAC [the receptors of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)] are all coupled to G‐protein 128,136. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
  • Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Among one of the actionable targets is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway, triggered by specific ligands. (123dok.org)
  • Among such actionable targets in BC is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). (123dok.org)
  • The effects were also observed at very low peptide concentrations (10 -13 M) with no apparent linear correlation between peptide dosage and increase of fluorescence intensity,which implied co-expression of different corticotropin releasing factor receptor forms in the same cell. (biologists.com)
  • These findings are associated with a reduced gene expression of osteoprotegerin, sclerostin, calcitonin receptor (CTR), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 and RUNX2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [11] The SP receptor promoter contains regions that are sensitive to cAMP , AP-1 , AP-4 , CEBPB , [12] and epidermal growth factor . (wikidoc.org)
  • Its receptor - the neurokinin type 1 - is distributed over cytoplasmic membranes of many cell types (neurons, glia, endothelia of capillaries and lymphatics, fibroblasts, stem cells, white blood cells) in many tissues and organs. (wikidoc.org)
  • EGF (epidermal growth factor), TNF‐α, and PDGF (platelet‐derived growth factor) act through tyrosine kinase receptors and are partially transduced by intracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) 95. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these factors and their receptors are also widely found to express across many different cancers with further research. (medsci.org)
  • The presence of VEGF receptors on CLL cells implies an autocrine effect for VEGF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kay et al report increased VEGF and bFGF in the supernatant of CLL cells grown in vitro and upregulation of mRNA encoding VEGF and its receptors and bFGF, suggesting that angiogenic factors are important in the biology of the malignant B-cell clone [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors/Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFRs/FGFs) axis offers interesting molecular targets to be pursued in clinical development. (123dok.org)
  • The FGFR family is characterized by four receptors, binding to 18 ligands called fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), employing heparin as a co-factor [2-4]. (123dok.org)
  • These receptors have pivotal roles in embryogenesis and metabolism [5,6], and play a critical role in the development of the skeletal system [7,8]. (123dok.org)
  • There is a total of seven signalling receptors, encoded by four FGFR genes, FGFR1-4 [15]. (123dok.org)
  • TYRO3 or AXL gene knockdown reduced cell proliferation/colony formation. (nature.com)
  • The most significant pathways and BPs that were deregulated in the primary disease condition were associated with the cell cycle and fibroblast proliferation procedures. (genominfo.org)
  • The TGF-β family forms an important group of growth factors, consisting of three isoforms in man, and is important for matrix deposition because it modulates fibroblast recruitment and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Local factors, including transcription factors such as SRY-box 9 protein (SOX9), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), along with signaling pathways such as the Wnt pathway, play critical roles in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Hypertrophic chondrocytes, a progeny of terminally differentiated chondrocytes from the proliferative zone, cease further proliferation, undergo hypertrophy in columns parallel to the axis of longitudinal elongation, and initiate the production of factors that trigger mineralization and vessel invasion. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Growth hormone (GH), sex hormone, thyroid hormone, as well as glucocorticoids affect chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. (pfmjournal.org)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • 15 , 16 Some of these signals stimulate differentiation of SCs to keratinocytes which are important for HF growth. (benitonovas.com)
  • These data suggest that the germline Int7G24A variant may represent a risk factor for invasive breast cancer and a marker for breast cancer progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Hitherto the involvement of the MECs in mammary gland orchestration and morphogenesis [ 4 ] and in affording fortification against tumour progression and invasion [ 5 , 6 ] has re-established the attention in studying and characterizing the MECs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
  • In recent years, the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has emerged as a critical determinant of cancer initiation, progression and metastasis of an important subset of human cancers [ 3 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other growth factors involved in vascular remodeling include platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), epithelial growth factor (EGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • A number of molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) have been identified as positive regulators of angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of isolation and culture methods for PSCs in 1998 helped to unravel the mechanisms involved in the process of pancreatic fibrogenesis (5, 11) and also helped researchers to investigate the functions of these cells both in health and disease. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The regulatory proteins, SMADs activate nuclear transcription factors through MAPK 132. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The change in morphology is accompanied by molecular change initiated by several pathways and signalling factors which regulate expression of transcription factors (EMT-TFs), including Snail, ZEB, Twist and others 6 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
  • We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the most critical hub genes, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and biological processes (BPs) associated with the pathogenesis of primary SGC. (genominfo.org)
  • The three peptides are encoded by distinct genes and are regulated at the level of mRNA transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
  • The majority of FGF family members are glycosaminoglycan binding proteins which possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fibroblasts from lesional tissue of patients with eosinophilic fasciitis produce excess collagen in vitro and display elevated TGF-beta and type 1 collagen mRNA levels when examined via in situ hybridization with specific cDNA. (medscape.com)
  • Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • This growth factor also stimulates production of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, tenascin and thrombospondin, diminishes production of extracellularly active neutral endoproteinases belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine proteinase families, and stimulates production of endogenous MMP inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase [TIMP]) and serpins (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3 In veterinary medicine, AD-SC's have been utilized effectively for over ten years in the treatment of osteoarthritic joints 4, 5 and connective tissue injuries, showing an over 80% success rate in blinded placebo controlled canine clinical trials. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • [5] Its tissue distribution and biologic actions were further investigated over the following decades. (wikidoc.org)
  • It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. (lookformedical.com)
  • The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
  • Pleotropic signalling factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt/β-catenin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) can initiate EMT, in turn, these factors regulate expression of EMT-TFs. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
  • SPIB , FOXM1 , and POLR2A significantly regulate all the hub genes. (genominfo.org)
  • [ 7 ] IL-5 is known to activate mature eosinophils and to stimulate eosinophil chemotaxis, growth, and differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Growth, metabolism, and differentiation of chondrocytes, which are the key cellular players in this process, are regulated by systemic hormones, local factors, and cellular signaling pathways. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Chondrocyte growth, metabolism, and differentiation are complex processes. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
  • These promote the repression of epithelial features by suppressing E-cadherin expression, and induction of mesenchymal features, in part, through the activation of mesenchymal genes N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin, which are responsible for cell-cell adhesion, cell motility, and migration 6-11 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
  • Aggressive, transformed or transfected mesenchymal cells containing proto-oncogenes can act in the absence of lymphocytes, but whether these cells represent regressed fibroblasts, chondrocytes or bone marrow stem cells is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MMPs now comprise a group of 18 different enzymes in man, including the classic fibroblast collagenase MMP-1 (collagenase-1), the mesenchymal form of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This "angiogenic switch" [ 1 ] favors the production of new microvessels, thus facilitating tumor growth beyond 1-2 mm diameter, and metastasis of the malignant clone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • Moreover, ETP expression was associated with aggressive mammary tumor growth and high metastatic growth. (jci.org)
  • Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • Hence, the adipocyte, as a major constituent of the mammary tumor stroma ( 3 ), is a likely contributor to tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • Importantly, we provide in vitro and in vivo mechanism-based evidence that PARP inhibitor (PARPi) treatment results in a shift from immunosuppressive NC-STING-NF-κB signaling to antitumor, canonical cGAS-STING-IFNß signaling in SPOPmut CRPC and results in enhanced tumor growth inhibition. (bvsalud.org)
  • Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. (springer.com)
  • In the tissues, the end effector cell of fibrosis is the fibroblast. (medscape.com)
  • Mori et al suggested that an autocrine stimulatory loop involving major basic protein, a product of eosinophil degranulation, IL-6, which enhances collagen production and is induced my major basic protein, and TGF-beta could account for the progressive fibrosis seen in several eosinophil prominent disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are now considered to be the key contributors of pancreatic fibrosis (5, 11, 135). (pancreapedia.org)
  • IPF is thought to be a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors with repetitive micro-injuries to alveolar epithelial cells playing a central role. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
  • However, lineage tracing in transgenic mice suggests the contribution of epithelial cells, which have undergone EMT, to the fibroblast population may be negligible. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
  • During EMT, epithelial cells lose apical-basal polarity, tight and adherens junctions in favour of front-back polarity, N-cadherin junctions and vimentin stress fibres 4,5 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
  • Amniotic epithelial cells were believed to secrete an 'Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) - like' factor and exact identification was not made. (scielo.org.ar)
  • It is interesting to note that while factor secreted by amniotic epithelial cells resembles EGF and/or FGF-2 in its biological action, known isoforms of them were not detected. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Considering the biological closeness between EGF and FGF-2, results indicate the possibility of a novel isoform of these growth factors secreted by amniotic epithelial cells. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Based on the neurotropism exerted by amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium, a diffusible neurotrophic factor produced by them had been suggested as a possible cause apart from direct cell-to-cell effects (Uchida et al. (scielo.org.ar)
  • HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Biologic factors that include signaling from stem cells, dermal papilla cells, and platelet-rich plasma are some of the current therapeutic agents being studied for hair restoration with milder side effects. (benitonovas.com)
  • The extent of enhanced bone marrow angiogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and relationship to proangiogenic factors and prognostic indicators is largely unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long bone growth is a fundamental determinant of final height. (pfmjournal.org)
  • This review provides an overview of the structural aspects of the growth plate, factors influencing chondrocyte function, and their impact on longitudinal bone growth. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Long bone growth plays a pivotal role in determining overall height. (pfmjournal.org)
  • This, in turn, precipitates chondrocyte apoptosis, thereby, osteoblasts invade the hypertrophic zone and bone formation occurs [ 5 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
  • 7 It has been shown that proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), also exert signals to maintain the capacity of DPCs to induce HF growing in vivo and in vitro. (benitonovas.com)
  • Bone is one of the major target tissues for Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I). Low doses of IGF-I were able to improve liver-associated osteopenia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 5 ] The "oncoweed" hypothesis states that biologic plants in the environment account for the lytic reactivation of human herpesvirus 8. (medscape.com)
  • These therapies include FDA-approved medications, non-prescription physical or chemical agents, natural ingredients, small molecules, biologic factors, and signals derived from SCs. (benitonovas.com)
  • In numerous genetic studies of long haired phenotypes of animals it has been shown that small changes in the FGF5 gene can disrupt its expression, leading to an increase in the length of the anagen phase of the hair cycle, resulting in phenotypes with extremely long hair. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been hypothesised that, in an alternate type of mutation, positive selection for increased expression of the FGF5 protein was one of the contributing factors in the evolutionary loss of hair in cetaceans as they transitioned from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microarray gene expression performed in 251 sarcomas revealed significantly higher expression of TYRO3 and GAS6 in LMS than other sarcomas. (nature.com)
  • The complex dephosphorylates NFAT (NFAT‐P), which can now translocate to the nucleus where it alters gene expression. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cholinergic sprouting in the hippocampus after removal of entorhinal cortical inputs, we evaluated trophic factor gene expression in the denervated hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
  • By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Over expression of c-Met but seldom RON is linked to gene amplification [ 16 - 18 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The effect of CTGF silencing on the TGF-β2-modulated expression of these genes was investigated by transfection of CTGF small interfering (si)RNA before TGF-β2 treatment. (arvojournals.org)
  • The stemness of SMMC-7721 cells was evaluated by sphere formation assay and western blot analysis for expression levels of cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and CD44).The expression levels of cancer-associated fibroblast markers (FAP-α and α-SMA) were employed to evaluate pathologic activation of LX-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IGF-I replacement therapy normalized CTR gene expression and reduced markers of osteoclastic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • PSPN not only binds GFRα4 but also signals in neurons mediated by GFRα1 [ 5 ]. (medsci.org)
  • [10] They are found in close association with serotonin (5-HT) and neurons containing norepinephrine that are targeted by the currently used antidepressant drugs. (wikidoc.org)
  • A tight spatial and timing regulation of growth factor action during embryonic development has been suggested [4]. (unicyte.ch)
  • The growth plate can be stratified into three distinct zones based on the size, morphology, orientation, proliferative potential, and function of chondrocytes: resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zone. (pfmjournal.org)
  • The resting zone, a source of stemlike progenitor cells that restores the reservoir of proliferative chondrocytes, is located farthest from the primary ossification center and assumes responsibility for preserving the architectural integrity of the growth plate [ 4 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Additionally, we describe how neuropathology can negatively influence these pathways, and conclude by discussing opportunities to optimize the intramuscular administration route to maximize gene delivery and thus therapeutic potential. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study illustrated several hub genes and their master regulators that might be appropriate targets for the therapeutic aims of primary SGC. (genominfo.org)
  • c-Met and RON have essential functional roles in embryonic development and organogenesis [ 3 , 4 ] and are over expressed and/or aberrantly activated in various cancer types suggesting their potential importance as therapeutic targets [ 5 - 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying normal growth plate function has provided valuable insights into the genetic defects that impact growth and foundation for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for individuals with growth disorders. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Schematic inflammatory pathways involving growth factors, vasomodulators, and infectious stimuli in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The hub genes of PIM were discovered, and their associated gene regulatory network was built to determine the master regulators involved in the pathogenesis of primary SGC. (genominfo.org)
  • There are explicit indications, however, that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of POAG. (arvojournals.org)
  • 5‐HT promotes PASMC hyperplasia through the serotonin transporter via production of ROS and MAPK activation 73. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The most responsible genes and pathways involved in the pathology of this disorder have not been fully understood. (genominfo.org)
  • In this review, we summarized key regulatory factors and signaling pathways involved in chondrocyte functions, to understand how they affect chondrocyte growth and development. (pfmjournal.org)
  • It may be achieved, at least partially, by more extensive basic studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cell activation by CARs and unraveling the connection between T cell migration in solid tumors and the effectiveness in eradication of solid tumors and metastases [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • We performed in-house TGR IFA by using R. typhi strain Wilmington and R. prowazekii strain Madrid E grown in L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture. (cdc.gov)
  • Further studies will establish the nature of this novel factor which will enhance the application of this interesting cell type for neural transplantations. (scielo.org.ar)
  • We show in preclinical CRPC models that SPOP targets and destabilizes STING1 protein, and prostate cancer-associated SPOP mutations result in upregulated NC-STING-NF-κB signaling and macrophage- and tumor microenvironment (TME)-facilitated reprogramming, leading to tumor cell growth. (bvsalud.org)
  • In early culture, PSCs are polygonal in shape with abundant lipid droplets in the cytoplasm ( Figure 1B ) and express stellate cell selective markers such as desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, and synemin (34, 167). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The fate of the cell is deter- mined by coordinated and dynamic interactions among a number of factors, acting in a defined microenviron- ment. (unicyte.ch)
  • We have previously demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stemness was induced by condition mediumfrom hepatic stellate cellline LX-2(HSC-CM) that was activated by liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) derived from SMMC-7721 cell line (SMMC-7721-derived LCSLCs) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • MECs were found to express numerous proteinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic factors, and tumour suppressors proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their studies centered on mice missing delicate mental retardation gene (FMR1), which is another proteins that affects translation mRNA. (researchensemble.com)
  • 27 Together, dermal blood vessels and DPCs orchestrate a suitable microenvironment for the growth and survival of HFSCs. (benitonovas.com)
  • AR signaling is essential for the growth and survival of prostate cancer (PCa), including most of the lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). (oncotarget.com)
  • Although much evidence supports the role of endogenous NGF in promoting neuronal survival in vivo ( Barde, 1989 ), less is known about its ability to influence axonal growth. (jneurosci.org)
  • 1 , 7-9 In the 2017 European Leukemia network (ELN) classification, prognosis of FLT3 -ITD mutation on the survival of AML patients was dependent on the co-occurrence of the nucleophosmin 1 gene mutation ( NPM1 mut) and the FLT3 -ITD mutation burden. (dovepress.com)
  • The granulosa cells and theca cells of the developing antral follicle and the steroidogenic cells of the corpus luteum produce and respond to angiogenic factors and vasoactive peptides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 14 Several SC factors such as peptides exert essential signals to promote hair regrowth. (benitonovas.com)
  • FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ( FLT3 ) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (dovepress.com)
  • Approximately 30% of the adult cases harbor an internal tandem duplication ( FLT3 -ITD) and 5- 10% a tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) amino acid substitution ( FLT3-TKD ). (dovepress.com)
  • Among the most mutated driver genes in AML is FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ( FLT3 ). (dovepress.com)
  • Cells can communicate via physical interactions, in- cluding membrane bridge formation, such as tunneling nanotubes and cytonemes, and/or through the release of soluble factors [1-3]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Fibroblasts produce TIMPs (1-4), which were previously called human fibroblast collagenase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the proposed role for nerve growth factor (NGF) in this sprouting, we observed no change in NGF mRNA or protein at several postlesion time points. (jneurosci.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: This type of analysis has the potential, if further developed, to improve the prediction of response to therapy of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and perhaps be useful as a factor in deciding between platinum-based and other therapies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, it induces AR activation in LNCaP cells in the absence of significant levels of androgen, as evidenced by induction of several AR target genes including PSA, TMPRSS2, and KLK4. (oncotarget.com)
  • Despite factors in codon, all apoptotic dwarfism genes person three employed cells( CRs) and each is with RAS and MEK synapses, although with pulmonary cyclins. (evakoch.com)
  • In a healthy pancreas, PSCs make up 4-7% (5) of the total parenchyma and are located around the basolateral aspects of the acinar cells ( Figure 1A ). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Using confocal laser scanning microscopy we investigated the Ca 2+ distribution in single corticotropin releasing factor- and urocortin-stimulated human skin cells. (biologists.com)
  • This may be due to a number of factors, including the molecular heterogeneity of breast tumours, intrinsic tumour resistance to conventional therapy, or inadequate therapy due to borderline pathological features. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The vascular endothelium of the mature ovarian follicle maintains the capacity for rapid growth in response to angiogenic signals elaborated during the periovulatory process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), the proximal neuroendocrine element in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in mammals (HPA),coordinates the complex array of behavioral, autonomic and endocrine responses to stress. (biologists.com)
  • With thousands of clinical trials to date, gene therapy is a flourishing strategy with great promise for the treatment of diseases impacting the nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
  • These small molecules have contributed to our understanding of the physiopathological relevance of the ET axis and the beginning of translation of this information into clinical trials [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously reported that TGF-β signaling in prostate stroma promotes prostate tumor angiogenesis and growth. (oncotarget.com)
  • Several molecular mechanisms may count for this AR re-activation in CRPC, including AR gene amplification/overexpression, AR mutation, the presence of AR splice variants, enhanced AR co-regulators signaling, alterations in steroid metabolism, growth factor and/or cytokine induced AR activation etc [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The underlying molecular mechanisms and the responsible pathogenic factors leading to these changes in outflow resistance remain unknown. (arvojournals.org)
  • Environmental factors that can detect specific IgE antibodies against most low-molecular- affect the initiation of occupational asthma include the intrinsic weight agents has resulted in a search for alternative or characteristics of causative agents as well as the influence of the complementary physiopathologic mechanisms leading to airway level and route of exposure at the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent advances have been made in the of host factors, polymorphisms, and candidate genes associated characterization of the immune response to low-molecular- with occupational asthma may improve our understanding of weight agents. (cdc.gov)