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Whole-genomeStrainsPathogenH37RvBacterialIsolatesBackground TuberculosisSequencesPathogenesisGeneticBovinePulmonary tuberculosis susceptibilityInfectionDecoding of the human genomeAbstractSusceptibilityMutationsStrainResistanceMycobacteriaBacteriumMultiple genomeGenomicsAgent of tuberculosisPathogensMalariaInsightsPutativePolymorphismsHighly conservedSequenceSpeciesAntibioticInfectious disease causedVaccinesEpidemiologicalChromosomeORFsPatternsAntitubercular drugsStudyProteinsHumanCRISPRDifferencesInfectionsOperonsAnalysisExtensivelyEssential genesWorld's populationBudding yeastIncidence
Whole-genome8
  • The increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequencing across research and clinical settings has improved our ability to predict antibacterial susceptibility, to track epidemics at the level of individual outbreaks and wider historical trends, to query the efficacy of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and to uncover targets for novel antitubercular therapeutics. (jci.org)
  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria is now routine, allowing comparisons across time and space. (jci.org)
  • In terms of the distribution of identified genes in a specific category relative to the whole genome, only the categories of PE/PPE and conserved hypotheticals have statistical significance. (hindawi.com)
  • The two M. tuberculosis MDR clinical isolates were firstly characterized by whole genome sequencing, finding the main mutations responsible for their MDR phenotype. (frontiersin.org)
  • We searched genotyping databases, genotyped additional isolates from Romania, used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to infer putative transmission links, and investigated pairwise epidemiological links and patient mobility. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Using whole-genome quantitative gene expression as a model, here we study how the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in gene expression changed in a population of fully sequenced inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains when flies developed in different environments (25 °C and 18 °C). We find a substantial fraction of the transcriptome exhibited genotype by environment interaction, implicating environmentally plastic genetic architecture of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, whole genome sequencing offers sensitive views of the genetic differences between strains ofM. (9lib.org)
  • tuberculosis strains in whole genome sequencing data. (9lib.org)
Strains17
  • Results We genotyped and sequenced the complete genomes of 68Â M. tuberculosis strains isolated from unrelated TB patients in Peru. (edu.sa)
  • We found mutations in pncA and novel genes significantly associated with PZA resistance in strains without pncA mutations. (edu.sa)
  • f) Deduced by comparison of the two gene essentiality datasets obtained independently in the P. aeruginosa strains PA14 and PAO1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Virulence genotype analysis revealed that strain CR1 lacked hemolytic phospholipase C and D, three genes for LPS biosynthesis and had reduced antibiotic resistance genes when compared with clinical strains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, several M. tuberculosis BDQ resistant mutants were isolated by both MDR strains, harboring mutations in both atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we hypothesize that the pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis strains in the hot and cold spot is different. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximate geographic locations of M. tuberculosis strains sampling sites in Guangxi, China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The remaining 357 samples were identified as M. tuberculosis strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The multiple alignment of the genomes of clinical strains (CDC1551, F11, Haarlem and C), along with the genomes of laboratory strains (H37Rv and H37Ra), provides new insights on the mechanisms of adaptation of this bacterium to the human host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genetic variation found in six M. tuberculosis strains does not involve significant genomic rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of genes displaying strain-specific polymorphisms and the extrapolation of the number of strain-specific polymorphisms to an unlimited number of genomes indicates that the different strains contain a limited number of unique polymorphisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome-wide analyses of genetic variation among different MTB strains can help to unveil characteristics regarding the virulence and adaptation of this successful human pathogen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we analyzed the variation dynamics of the MTB genome by carrying out a multiple genome alignment of the six sequenced strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The variations identified were then examined using a combinatorial approach that allows simultaneous comparison of all strains, rather than pair-wise comparisons of each to a reference genome, thus providing information about unexplored features of the MTB genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple genome alignments were carried out with the freeware MAUVE v1.3 [ 10 ] using the genomes of MTB strains H37Rv (NC_000962), H37Ra (NC_009525), CDC1551 (NC_002755), F11 (NC_009565), C (NZ_AAKR00000000) and Haarlem (NZ_AASN00000000), the latter two from the Broad Institute http://www.broad.mit.edu (See Additional File 1 for detailed Methods). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strategies for its control may be not as effective as it should be, specifically in case of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb . (ac.ir)
  • Thirteen (13) patterns of M. tuberculosis complex family strains were identified: 41.6% of the strains belonged to the T 1 family, 25.0% to LAM 9, 10.0% to Haarlem 3, 3.3% to each of CAS, LAM 8, BCG and Family 36 and 1.7% to each of Haarlem 1, LAM 10, S, M. africanum , X 1 and T 3 families. (who.int)
Pathogen12
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills more adults each year than any other single pathogen, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Programme (1). (cdc.gov)
  • The bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects 30% of all humans and kills someone every 20 - 30 seconds. (aiche.org)
  • Remarkably, the majority of MTB genes found by this analysis to be required for survival are constitutively expressed rather than regulated by macrophages, revealing the host-adapted lifestyle of an evolutionarily selected intracellular pathogen. (harvard.edu)
  • And although Streptothrix had always been identified as a rare central nervous system pathogen, its lookalike, tuberculosis, is extremely neurotropic and fully capable of breaching and then entering the brain parenchyma or meninges at the level of this same blood-brain barrier (BBB) [2]. (j-alz.com)
  • Using this method, we have defined a complex set of interactions between virulence genes in this pathogen, and find that the products of unlinked genes associate to form multisubunit transporters that are required for bacterial survival in the host. (harvard.edu)
  • The human pathogen and aetiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a cell wall architecture similar to the non-pathogenic bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. (bham.ac.uk)
  • This study gives insight into the evolution of the MTB genome and the mechanisms of adaptation of this pathogen to its human host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under the C2D project, researchers and students pooled their time and skills using online tools to provide insights into 4000 genes of the deadly pathogen. (thehindu.com)
  • Additionally, we evaluated the joint effect of the host and pathogen genomes in association with severity of SAB infection via logistic regression, including an interaction of host SNP with bacterial genotype, and adjusting for age (by decade), sex, the 6 significant principal components, and dialysis status. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are hypothesised to be important virulence factors involved with host-pathogen interactions, but their high genetic variability and complexity of analysis means they are typically disregarded in genome studies. (unl.pt)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen, and new vaccines are needed to prevent transmission. (bvsalud.org)
  • New classes of diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutic agents, and new approaches to vector control can derive from the study of human, pathogen and vector genomes. (who.int)
H37Rv3
Bacterial11
  • Genes belonging to proteases, bacterial exporters and DNA stabilization were found to be under strong positive selection, thus facilitating pathogenicity and survival of the outliers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has successfully exploited macrophages as its primary niche in vivo, but the bacterial genome-wide requirements that promote its intracellular survival remain undefined. (harvard.edu)
  • Past genomic studies have comprehensively described the organization of the bacterial chromosome, for example in terms of gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, bacterial genomes carry, on average, from 78% (for genomes containing the polymerase PolC) to 58% (for the other genomes) of their genes on the leading strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has also been shown that neighbouring genes in a bacterial chromosome tend to be co-expressed, even if they are not in the same operon [ 10 ], suggesting the existence of a "supra-operonic" organization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And the incidence rate of tuberculosis might be affected by bacterial population structure shaped by demographic history. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome sequences of 358 bacterial cultures have been determined with WGS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The comparison of multiple genomes demonstrates that the M. tuberculosis genome is currently undergoing an active process of gene decay, analogous to the adaptation process of obligate bacterial symbionts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial genomes tend to be fairly streamlined things, probably because the rapid generation times and hence rapid evolutionary rates mean that non-functional genetic elements would soon be pruned from the genome. (fieldofscience.com)
  • Methods We selected bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones harboring key IGC genes from public and private libraries and sequenced the inserts with long-read sequencing technologies. (usda.gov)
Isolates9
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance worldwide because of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi- and extensively drug resistant (multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), respectively) clinical isolates. (frontiersin.org)
  • To this aim, in this work an in vitro generation of M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to BDQ was performed starting from two MDR clinical isolates as parental cultures. (frontiersin.org)
  • We observed that M. avium isolates from different sources-human pulmonary infections, human disseminated infections, animals, and natural environments-are readily distinguished by their core and accessory genomes, by their patterns of horizontal gene transfer, and by numerous specific genes, including virulence factors. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that different MAC species and M. avium isolates from different sources encode distinct suites of clinically relevant genes, including those for virulence and antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Genome analysis on MAH of human isolates has been proceeding, however, those of pigs are limited despite its potential source of infection to human. (biorxiv.org)
  • All isolates had restriction modification associated genes and 185 - 222 predicted virulence genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • 8. Gong Z, Wang G, Zeng J, Stojkoska A, Huang H, Xie J. Differential DNA methylomes of clinical MDR, XDR and XXDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates revealed by using single-molecule real-time sequencing. (ac.ir)
  • This study aimed to characterize the spoligotypes of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis patients collected between April 2004 and October 2005 from all Lebanese provinces. (who.int)
  • TB by providing new insight into the ize by spoligotyping clinical isolates of of incubation using a positive control transmission, dynamics, source and M. tuberculosis from different regions of and a negative control. (who.int)
Background Tuberculosis1
  • Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and drug resistance compromises the efforts to control this disease. (edu.sa)
Sequences5
  • This presents the problem of whether candidates such as cell-wall-deficient filamentous forms of a microbe like those of M. tuberculosis would or could through existing known sequences even be considered. (j-alz.com)
  • Genome sequences of Tropheus moorii and Petrochromis trewavasae , two eco-morphologically divergent cichlid fishes endemic to Lake Tanganyika. (tugraz.at)
  • The availability of their genome sequences has enabled the utilisation of C. glutamicum as a model for the identification and study of essential mycobacterial genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall components such as lipomannan (LM), lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and arabinogalactan (AG). (bham.ac.uk)
  • Most of the variation results from deletion and transposition events preferentially associated with insertion sequences and genes of the PE/PPE family but not with genes implicated in virulence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the current study, we obtained 30 draft genome sequences of MAH of pigs reared in Japan. (biorxiv.org)
Pathogenesis3
  • While the genome sequence was already transformative at the time, the past 25 years of progress have substantially increased its impact on TB taxonomy, drug discovery, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, vaccine development, and pathogenesis. (jci.org)
  • These findings implicate a previously undescribed family of transport systems in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, and identify genes that are likely to function in the metabolism of their substrates. (harvard.edu)
  • The host genetic factors are assumed to play a critical role in tuberculosis pathogenesis, through impact on the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines, which are implicated in the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
Genetic16
  • Essential genes of single-celled organisms encode proteins for three basic functions including genetic information processing, cell envelopes and energy production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of the essential genes in viruses are related to the processing and maintenance of genetic information. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many tumor suppressor proteins play a role in DNA repair, helping to correct genetic mutations and maintain the stability of the genome. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Genetic variance in expression increases at 18 °C relative to 25 °C for most genes that have a change in genetic variance. (nature.com)
  • Finally, although genotype by environment interaction in gene expression could potentially disrupt genetic networks, the co-expression networks are highly conserved across environments. (nature.com)
  • In addition to environmental factors, phenotypes can also respond to genetic perturbations in a plastic or homeostatic manner, which characterizes the potential of an organism to express phenotypes when genes mutate. (nature.com)
  • We found that the genetic structure of the M. tuberculosis population in each county varies enormously. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic polymorphisms of CCL1 rs2072069 G/A and TLR2 rs3804099 T/C in pulmonary or meningeal tuberculosis patients. (cdc.gov)
  • The recent determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of several Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) genomes allows the use of comparative genomics as a tool for dissecting the nature and consequence of genetic variability within this species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a Perl-based software islandsanalyser , which creates a representation of the genetic variation in the genome, we identified differences in the patterns of distribution and frequency of the polymorphisms across the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The government's Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) initiative released the results of its 'Connect 2 Decode' (C2D) project to re-annotate the biological and genetic information relating to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) genome, at a conference here on Sunday. (thehindu.com)
  • however, current genomic selection genotyping tools have a paucity of genetic markers within key immune gene clusters (IGC) involved in the cattle innate and adaptive immune systems. (usda.gov)
  • With diseases such as bovine tuberculosis and Johne's disease costing the industries of the United Kingdom and United States an annual £50 million and $200 million, respectively, identifying genetic markers associated with disease resistance will greatly assist producers. (usda.gov)
  • The high genetic diversity and highly repetitive nature of IGCs also means that the cattle reference genome assembly contains many mistakes or greatly underrepresents the true diversity of alleles in these clusters. (usda.gov)
  • This data will be used in genome-wide association analyses to identify suitable genetic markers to track disease resistance phenotypes in dairy cattle. (usda.gov)
  • HBV is characterized by a genetic heterogeneity and 8 genotypes (A to H) can be classified based on comparison of complete HBV genomes and according to the criterion of ≥ 8% differences in the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome [4-6]. (who.int)
Bovine3
  • A team from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University in Shaanxi, China, claims it has used the CRISPR/Cas 9 genome editing tool to produce cloned cattle with increased resistance to bovine tuberculosis. (soci.org)
  • Back home in New Zealand, though, the most significant species is possibly M. bovis , which causes bovine tuberculosis, and a whole host of other species infect various other mammals and birds. (fieldofscience.com)
  • These variants were then used on custom genotyping arrays to genotype a population of 1,800 Holstein cows with bovine tuberculosis resistance phenotypes. (usda.gov)
Pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility1
Infection12
  • M. tuberculosis infection is extremely difficult to treat mainly because of its adaptive ability to turn a hostile environment within human macrophages (phagocytes) into a friendly niche for its replication. (hindawi.com)
  • Latent TB infection (LTBI) is a clinical condition associated with only a positive tuberculin skin test (i.e., evidence of infection with M. tuberculosis ) but without clinical or radiographic signs of active disease. (hindawi.com)
  • M. tuberculosis causes TB and is a highly contagious respiratory infection, primarily affecting the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In one example, phosphate transport, requiring physically unlinked genes, was found to be critical for MTB growth in macrophages and important for establishing persistent infection in lungs. (harvard.edu)
  • We can now directly study the activity of both mycobacterial and host genes during infection. (ucd.ie)
  • We are looking at gene activity in the blood of the host to look for signatures of infection," says Professor MacHugh. (ucd.ie)
  • We have been able to see a large perturbation of host gene activity when a mycobacterial infection is present, and we think it will be possible to exploit this to develop a test that can augment the diagnostic techniques that are currently in use. (ucd.ie)
  • We have previously shown that approximate to 5% of the genes encoded by the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are specifically required for the growth or survival of this bacterium during infection. (harvard.edu)
  • Although this study identified no common variant of large effect size to have genome-wide significance for association with either the risk of acquiring SAB or severity of SAB, the variant (rs2043436) most significantly associated with severity of infection is located in a biologically plausible candidate gene ( CDON , a member of the immunoglobulin family) and may warrant further study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: Sensitive diagnostic tools are necessary for the detection of Mycobacterium suricattae infection in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) in order to more clearly understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis and the ecological consequences of the disease in this species. (sun.ac.za)
  • hominissuis (MAH) is one of the most important agents causing non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infection in humans and pigs. (biorxiv.org)
  • Earlier and improved tuberculosis (TB) case detection - including smear-negative disease, often associated with HIV co-infection - as well as expanded capacity to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are global priorities for TB control. (bvsalud.org)
Decoding of the human genome1
  • The decoding of the human genome and its potential to open the door to cures for AIDS, cancer, and many other conditions that today are incurable are likely to shapethe healthcare industry for decades to come. (pharmexec.com)
Abstract2
  • ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Factors driving the increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, are not understood. (sun.ac.za)
  • ABSTRACT Genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon on the national level may be beneficial for assessing patients and monitoring the therapeutic response to DOTS. (who.int)
Susceptibility10
  • Association between tumor necrosis factor-a 308G/A gene polymorphism and silicosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Association between polymorphisms of interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F genes and silicosis susceptibility in Chinese Han people. (cdc.gov)
  • Association of surfactant protein D gene polymorphisms at rs3088308 and rs721917 with susceptibility to silicosis]. (cdc.gov)
  • Publications regarding the associations of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) G2258A and T597C polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility are inconsistent. (cdc.gov)
  • Several recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants that may affect susceptibility to infectious diseases, demonstrating the potential value of GWAS in this arena. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polymorphisms in MC3R promoter and CTSZ 3'UTR are associated with tuberculosis susceptibility. (uni-kiel.de)
  • We have validated the association of two genes on chromosome 20q13.31-33 with tuberculosis susceptibility. (uni-kiel.de)
  • A previous genome-wide linkage study performed by Cooke et al identified the genes melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) and cathepsin Z (CTSZ) as possible candidates in tuberculosis susceptibility. (uni-kiel.de)
  • In our South African population a case-control study confirmed the previously reported association with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CTSZ and found an association in MC3R with a SNP not previously implicated in tuberculosis susceptibility. (uni-kiel.de)
  • We sought to assemble alternative haplotypes of regions of the cattle genome that may harbor alleles that confer increased disease resistance or susceptibility. (usda.gov)
Mutations7
  • We analyzed the association between PZA resistance with non-synonymous mutations and specific genes. (edu.sa)
  • Unfortunately, BDQ quickly acquired two main mechanisms of resistance, consisting in mutations in either atpE gene, encoding the target, or in Rv0678 , coding for the repressor of the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux pump. (frontiersin.org)
  • BDQ resistance is especially associated with mutations in atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The most common mutations linked to low-level of BDQ resistance are present in Rv0678 gene coding for the M. tuberculosis repressor of MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Only two mutations were found in isoniazid resistance (INH R ) strain for Rv3919c (T to G in codon 341) and Rv1392 (G to A in codon 97) genes. (ac.ir)
  • Xpert MTB/RIF detects M. tuberculosis as well as rifampicin resistance-conferring mutations directly from sputum, in an assay providing results within two hours. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations in at least three mitochondrial genes can cause cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, which is a condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), the heart, the brain, or the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
Strain4
  • Determination of the DNA genome sequence of this strain has been or is being determined either in whole or in part. (nih.gov)
  • We sequenced and constructed the complete genome of an environmental strain CR1 of P. aeruginosa and performed the comparative genomic analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • We identified eight new regions of genomic plasticity and a plasmid pCR1 with a VirB/D4 complex followed by trimeric auto-transporter that can induce virulence phenotype in the genome of strain CR1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we leveraged a unique collection of genomes to characterize MAC population structure, gene content, and within-host strain dynamics in unprecedented detail. (cdc.gov)
Resistance4
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, in 2018, tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , was one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that different MAC species encode distinct suites of biomedically relevant genes, including antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors, which may influence their distinct clinical manifestations. (cdc.gov)
  • It is estimated that about 60% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is arranged into operons, which makes them interesting drug targets in the face of emerging drug resistance. (researchgate.net)
  • Policy statement: automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF system. (bvsalud.org)
Mycobacteria2
Bacterium2
Multiple genome1
  • The multiple genome alignment of the six MTB genomes showed extensive collinearity and the absence of widespread major rearrangement events. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomics3
  • Six among the 42 genes identified in this study are on the list of the top 100 persistence targets selected by the TB Structural Genomics Consortium. (hindawi.com)
  • The report looks at genomics' potential impact and genome research ethics and highlights the importance of ensuring that poorer countries also benefit from the medical advances to come. (pharmexec.com)
  • And, more significantly, the progress achieved recently in human genomics research,1 the creation of genetically-modified foods2 and the gene therapy3 have added to the major bioethical issues the Region is likely to face in the near future. (who.int)
Agent of tuberculosis1
Pathogens2
Malaria3
  • Says Weather-all,'It anticipates how the global community could use genetics to attack infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and AIDS that are still killing so many in the developing world. (pharmexec.com)
  • 4. Furthermore, the AIDS epidemic in Africa and the resurgence of malaria and tuberculosis have brought to the fore unique and urgent ethical, legal and social issues with regard to clinical research in the African countries. (who.int)
  • Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases.2 More recently, a number of new ventures have been launched, including ones that focus on drug-specific indications such as malaria, tuberculosis, and selected tropical diseases,3 on vaccines4 or on diagnostic development.5 These initiatives often build upon the work of publicly financed institutes, including several based in developing countries. (who.int)
Insights2
  • At the 25-year anniversary of this accomplishment, we describe how insights gleaned from the M. tuberculosis genome have led to vital tools for TB research, epidemiology, and clinical practice. (jci.org)
  • Insights into the genome of this insect will better allow for robust breeding protocols, and more efficient production to be used as a replacement of animal feed protein. (researchgate.net)
Putative4
  • By systematically analyzing several biologically relevant data sets, we have been able to identify putative pathways that could not be predicted by genome organization alone. (harvard.edu)
  • In this study, we have analysed several uncharacterised open reading frames, which encode for putative glycosyltransferases from M. tuberculosis and deleted their respective orthologues in C. glutamicum. (bham.ac.uk)
  • In this thesis we have identified and characterised several putative glycosyltransferases and established their role in M. tuberculosis cell wall biogenesis. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Seven putative mycobacterial MTase genes ( Rv0645c , Rv2966c , Rv1988 , Rv1694 , Rv3919c , Rv2756c , and Rv3263 ) and Rv1392 as SAM synthase were selected for analysis. (ac.ir)
Polymorphisms4
  • Meta-analysis of association of tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta gene polymorphisms with pneumoconiosis]. (cdc.gov)
  • Interleukin gene polymorphisms in pneumoconiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The relationship between polymorphisms of epidermal growth factor gene and silicosis]. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 4 ] One meta-analysis demonstrated that there are strong associations between p.R4859K and p.R4810K polymorphisms of the RNF213 gene and moyamoya disease. (medscape.com)
Highly conserved1
  • The MTB genome is highly conserved and is considered a "closed pan-genome" due to the bacterium's restricted niche that limits access to the global microbial gene pool [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence4
  • the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to provide an invaluable resource to understand tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of global infectious disease mortality. (jci.org)
  • The complete genome sequence of Archeoglobus fulgidus is published. (jcvi.org)
  • Helicobacter pylori genome sequence published. (jcvi.org)
  • Twenty years ago, President Bill Clinton announced completion of what was arguably one of the greatest advances of the modern era: the first draft sequence of the human genome. (jcvi.org)
Species4
  • The enzymes harbour a tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) domain and are predominately present in pathogenic species. (nature.com)
  • There are key differences in some of the characteristics of M. tuberculosis and MAC species. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The genomes of MAC species are large, containing thousands of genes involved in various cellular processes and adaptations to different environments. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Even those genes that retain the appearance of functionality may not actually be so - comparative proteome analysis recovered only 391 soluble protein species in M. leprae , as opposed to ~1800 in M. tuberculosis . (fieldofscience.com)
Antibiotic3
  • Capreomycin is an old antibiotic for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis [ 7 ] with recently increasing interest. (hindawi.com)
  • Background: Mixed infections ofMycobacterium tuberculosis and antibiotic heteroresistance continue to complicate tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment. (9lib.org)
  • Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. (ac.ir)
Infectious disease caused2
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that typically affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but may also occur in other organs (extrapulmonary TB), such as the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and the skin. (hindawi.com)
  • Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (genome.jp)
Vaccines2
  • Recognizing the importance of TB vaccines, the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET) recommends that public agencies and vaccine manufacturers develop a comprehensive, consensual strategy to achieve these goals. (cdc.gov)
  • Interest in the development of new vaccines for tuberculosis (TB) has increased in recent years as the disease continues to be a major, global public health problem. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiological1
  • Our results will be useful for evaluation of the ecology of MAH by providing a foundation for genome-based epidemiological studies. (biorxiv.org)
Chromosome1
  • Mineharu et al have found a specific gene locus, q25.3, on chromosome 17. (medscape.com)
ORFs3
Patterns2
  • Finally, our results show the existence of spatial periodic transcriptional patterns in the genome of Buchnera . (biomedcentral.com)
  • PMS can impair birthweight, regulate the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, modify behavioural patterns and cognitive abilities and alter gene expression and brain morphology in offspring. (bvsalud.org)
Antitubercular drugs1
  • To fight MDR and XDR tuberculosis, three new antitubercular drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid, and pretomanid were approved for use in clinical setting. (frontiersin.org)
Study9
  • A recent study of 900 mouse genes concluded that 42% of them were essential although the selected genes were not representative. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we performed a new bioinformatics analysis on microarray-based gene expression data obtained from the public domain to explore genes that were differentially induced by drugs between the group of capreomycin and PA-824 and the group of mainly the first-line TB drugs. (hindawi.com)
  • Our study has identified 42 genes specifically induced by capreomycin and PA-824. (hindawi.com)
  • A recent study shows that M. tuberculosis replicates throughout the course of chronic TB and is restrained by the host immune system [ 5 ], which finding suggests that the switch between the nonreplicating and slow replicating states is a dynamic process subject to host immunity. (hindawi.com)
  • This study was performed to examine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Afghan immigrants in Kerman province of Iran. (scialert.net)
  • You can read the study in Genome Biology . (soci.org)
  • Ours is the first study that has attempted to evaluate the entire human genome for variants potentially involved in the acquisition or severity of SAB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 3 ] A genome-wide association study identified RNF213 as the first gene associated with moyamoya. (medscape.com)
  • This study demonstrates the recombinant influenza A virus vaccine PR8.p25, expressing the immunodominant M. tuberculosis T cell epitope p25, induces CXCR3 expression on p25-specific CD4+ T cells in the lungs so that the majority of vaccine-induced CD4+ TRM expresses CXCR3 at 6 weeks. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins4
  • Those gene functions are used to maintain a central metabolism, replicate DNA, translate genes into proteins, maintain a basic cellular structure, and mediate transport processes into and out of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that inhibit cell division and growth, acting as a control mechanism to prevent excessive cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The degree of organization has been shown to increase with genome size, overall GC composition and the presence of nucleoid-binding proteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitochondrial genes associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency provide instructions for making proteins that are part of a large enzyme group (complex) called cytochrome c oxidase (also known as complex IV). (medlineplus.gov)
Human4
  • The human genome is 99% decoded, the American geneticist Craig Venter announced two decades ago. (jcvi.org)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of human tuberculosis harbours five ESAT-6/type VII secretion (ESX/T7S) systems. (pasteur.fr)
  • The human microbiota in pulmonary tuberculosis: Not so innocent bystanders. (ac.ir)
  • New methods for preventing and controlling many of the causes of chronic ill-health can be expected from a growing understanding of the human genome. (who.int)
CRISPR1
  • With the development of CRISPR, gene essentiality has also been determined through inhibition of gene expression through CRISPR interference. (wikipedia.org)
Differences1
Infections1
Operons1
  • Our analysis showed that mRNA abundances, gene organization (operon) and gene essentiality are correlated in Buchnera (i.e., the most expressed genes are essential genes organized in operons) whereas no link between mRNA abundances and gene strand bias was found. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis3
  • On the basis of genome-wide experimental studies and systems biology analysis, an essential gene database has been developed by Kong et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the majority of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for the gene expression traits in the two environments are shared and have similar effects, analysis of the environment-specific eQTLs reveals enrichment of binding sites for two transcription factors. (nature.com)
  • While plant genome analysis is gaining speed worldwide, few plant genomes have been sequenced and analyzed on the African continent. (researchgate.net)
Extensively1
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR)- tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug resistant (XDR)-TB reportedly lead to increased household transmission. (ersjournals.com)
Essential genes7
  • Essential genes are indispensable genes for organisms to grow and reproduce offspring under certain environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared with single-celled organisms, multicellular organisms have more essential genes related to communication and development. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to most single-celled organisms, viruses lack many essential genes for metabolism, which forces them to hijack the host's metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two main strategies have been employed to identify essential genes on a genome-wide basis: directed deletion of genes and random mutagenesis using transposons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Essential genes in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Essential genes from population screens include genes essential for fitness (see text). (wikipedia.org)
  • This bias is even more important when the essentiality of genes is taken into account, and essential genes distribution bias reaches 76% and 94% in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis respectively [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
World's population1
  • More than one-third of the world's population has been infected with the M. tuberculosis , with 1% currently infected. (cdc.gov)
Budding yeast1
  • In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) 15-20% of all genes are essential. (wikipedia.org)
Incidence2