GERDLower esophageaHeartburnEsophagitisInfantsEsophagealAcidChronicDiagnosisPediatricAsthmaPrevalenceSurgeryOccursGastro-oesophagealRegurgitationContents into the esophagusBarrett'sHelicobacterLaryngopharyngeal refluxProximalPatientsIrritateLaryngoscopyComplications2017Improve reflux symptomsDisordersRespiratory symptomsSymptom IndexPathogenesisPersistentExtraesophageal symptomsTherapyQuestionnaireGastric contentsSecondary
GERD49
- But when it occurs frequently, it could be indicative of a more serious condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. (eatright.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is one of the upper gastrointestinal chronic diseases in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. (wikipedia.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. (medlineplus.gov)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects up to 30% of adults in Western populations and is increasing in prevalence. (nih.gov)
- Persistent gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease (GERD) is one of the most frequent disorders for which infants and children undergo abdominal surgery. (medscape.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with a set of typical (esophageal) symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. (medscape.com)
- Are medications for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) safe and effective in children? (aafp.org)
- 1 GERD occurs when reflux symptoms are more severe or when complications arise. (aafp.org)
- Weaknesses of the evidence included the small size of the trials, and the fact that trials in infants are based on parent or physician interpretation of cry/fuss time, and that many of these patients did not have GERD but merely functional reflux. (aafp.org)
- When you have heartburn that bothers you often, it's called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. (healthwise.net)
- If a person has a hiatal hernia , which can cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, it will also be repaired during this surgery. (cigna.com)
- GERD is mild acid reflux that occurs at least twice a week or moderate to severe acid reflux that occurs at least once a week. (pharmacytimes.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and stomach (esophagus). (pharmacytimes.com)
- The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care recommends not screening adults with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for esophageal adenocarcinoma and precursor conditions (Barrett esophagus or dysplasia), because there is an absence of evidence for benefit, and there are uncertain harms, important resource implications and variable patient values and preferences. (cmaj.ca)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach). (mountsinai.org)
- If the sphincter does not close properly, food and liquid can move backward into the esophagus and cause heartburn and other symptoms known as gastroesophageal disease (GERD). (mountsinai.org)
- If so, you may have Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. (mountsinai.org)
- To determine if you have GERD, your doctor may request an upper endoscopy exam to look into your esophagus and stomach to diagnose reflux. (mountsinai.org)
- Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease or better known as just 'reflux' or 'GERD' is when the contents of the stomach start pushing or splashing back up the esophagus or into the nose and throat. (justmommies.com)
- The good news is: 90% of all children out grow reflux/GERD. (justmommies.com)
- There are online support groups available if you would like to chat with other parents who are experiencing reflux/GERD in their children. (justmommies.com)
- The relationship between food and the pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unclear. (mdpi.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a long-lasting problem where reflux occurs often. (stlukes-stl.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a condition in which stomach contents splash up into the esophagus. (3-rx.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common health problems in the Western world today, affecting up to 20% of the adult population weekly and 50% monthly, generating substantial suffering among patients as well as significant costs to both patients and also to society in general. (ki.se)
- GERD or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is a type of digestive disorder in which the lower esophagea. (speakinghealth.com)
- Sleep disturbances are frequently encountered in up to 25% of the GERD patients, likely due to nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (GER). (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease , commonly called GERD, is a chronic condition that happens when the acids in the stomach back up into the esophagus. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent, chronic medical condition that affects 13% of the adult population globally at least once a week. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- With advance in diagnostic techniques allowing for an improved understanding of involved physiological mechanisms of nocturnal reflux, there is growing evidence of a bidirectional relationship between GERD and sleep disturbances. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- Registered Dietician, discusses gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (rheumatology-now.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease , or GERD , is when your lower esophageal sphincter doesn't close properly, meaning that often times, contents from your stomach can go back up into your esophagus. (rheumatology-now.com)
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) with high prevalence and incidence in the pediatric population is a relevant issue in public health. (bvsalud.org)
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a digestive disease that occurs when acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids back from the stomach into the esophagus. (chandigarhayurvedcentre.com)
- Those who suffer from these symptoms are said to be suffering from gastro-oesophageal reflux disorders (GORD) or gastroesophageal reflux disorders (GERD). (hubpages.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease known as GERD is both uncomfortable and dangerous for anyone, especially for those who use their voice as a profession, or for musicians who play wind instruments. (peakperformancerd.com)
- With GERD, the gastric contents of the stomach reflux back into the esophagus by way of the lower esophageal sphincter known as the LES. (peakperformancerd.com)
- In addition to GERD there is laryngopharyngeal reflux, this is acid reflux into the larynx that can cause laryngitis, or a sore throat, or mucous, and in some cases reflux in general can make swallowing difficult. (peakperformancerd.com)
- If the reflux is severe, damages esophageal mucosa and causes unpleasant symptoms, it becomes a pathology, which is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (medicsciences.com)
- Acid reflux or GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is the western medical terminology for symptoms that may include stomach pain, hyperacidity, heart burns, etc. (curemanual.com)
- AIM: To investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with a laryngoscopic diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). (unipi.it)
- A positive correlation between LPR diagnosis and GERD was supposed based on the presence of esophagitis (ERD), pathological acid exposure time (AET) in the absence of esophageal erosions (NERD), and a positive correlation between symptoms and refluxes (hypersensitive esophagus, HE). (unipi.it)
- 11/41 patients had a normal AET and a positive association between symptoms and refluxes (HE), and 25/41 patients had a normal AET and a negative association between symptoms and refluxes (no GERD patients). (unipi.it)
- The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved vonoprazan 10 mg and 20 mg tablets (Voquezna, Phathom Pharmaceuticals) for the healing and maintenance of healing of all grades of erosive esophagitis, also known as erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), as well as relief of associated heartburn, the company has announced . (medscape.com)
- Background: Asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression have each been linked to exposure to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks (9/11). (cdc.gov)
- cough, dyspnea, or wheeze), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) and selfreported clinician-diagnosed asthma and GERD history were obtained from surveys. (cdc.gov)
- Continued follow-up monitors changes in health status and indicates significant long term medical and psychological effects among first responders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and respiratory outcomes (i.e., asthma). (cdc.gov)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a serious phenomenon in pediatric health care. (medscape.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a growing phenomenon in pediatric patients that requires much attention. (medscape.com)
Lower esophagea9
- Acid reflux is due to poor closure of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is at the junction between the stomach and the esophagus. (wikipedia.org)
- The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is the distalmost segment of the esophagus (3-5 cm in adults), and its ability to prevent reflux depends on a number of anatomic factors. (medscape.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux is a benign, self-limited process caused by transient, intermittent relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter. (aafp.org)
- Fortunately, there's a band of muscle between the stomach and the esophagus - called the Lower Esophageal Sphincter or L-E-S, that clamps down to prevent the stomach contents from moving or refluxing upward and burning the lining of the esophagus. (mountsinai.org)
- Reflux occurs when the ring-shaped muscle that normally prevents the contents of the stomach from flowing back into the esophagus (called the lower esophageal sphincter) does not function properly. (msdmanuals.com)
- Acid and bile reflux into the esophagus when the lower esophageal sphincter is not functioning properly. (msdmanuals.com)
- Due to decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone, LES is not properly closed, as result gastric content reflux into esophagus and damage the mucosa of esophagus. (enmeder.com)
- These drug Increase lower esophageal sphincter tone as result gastric content reflux into esophagus and damage the mucosa of esophagus. (enmeder.com)
- Etiopathophysiology of this disease is multifactorial and includes dysfunction of crural diaphragm, damaged acute anatomical angle of gastroesophageal junction and decreased tone of lower esophageal sphincter. (medicsciences.com)
Heartburn9
- Mayo Clinic Healthcare expert explains why reflux disease isn't `just' heartburn Jan. 12, 2023, 04:28 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
- Heartburn (a burning pain behind the breastbone) is the most obvious symptom of gastroesophageal reflux. (msdmanuals.com)
- What Causes Heartburn or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease? (rheumatology-now.com)
- discusses gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn. (rheumatology-now.com)
- Family Physician discusses gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn. (rheumatology-now.com)
- To assess for gastric reflux in relation to heartburn, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and aspiration. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Reflux refers to Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease, commonly associated as heartburn or indigestion. (vch.ca)
- For more information about how throat problems and gastro-esophageal reflux can affect your voice, watch the video "But doctor, I don't have heartburn! (vch.ca)
- Gas refluxes were found more frequently in patients with globus (29.7 +/- 3.6) and hoarseness (21.5 +/- 7.4) than in patients with heartburn or regurgitation (7.8 +/- 6.2). (unipi.it)
Esophagitis8
- Approximately 50% of patients with gastric reflux develop esophagitis. (medscape.com)
- Among children 12 months and older, there was moderate-quality evidence that PPIs can improve reflux symptoms in those with erosive esophagitis. (aafp.org)
- An increased incidence of reflux esophagitis has been reported after eradication of H. pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer. (nih.gov)
- To determine if H. pylori is associated with lower rates of esophagitis, we studied the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with and without reflux esophagitis and a subgroup of patients with concomitant peptic ulcer disease. (nih.gov)
- Reflux esophagitis was determined by endoscopic and/or histologic criteria. (nih.gov)
- Of 514 patients, 39.5% had H. pylori infection and 22.2% had reflux esophagitis. (nih.gov)
- The prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with reflux esophagitis was 30.7%, compared with 42.0% in patients without esophagitis (p = 0.039). (nih.gov)
- Our study demonstrates that H. pylori infection is significantly less prevalent in patients with reflux esophagitis and may protect against its development. (nih.gov)
Infants10
- About 90% of infants will outgrow their reflux by their first birthday. (wikipedia.org)
- Frequent spitting up- While spit-up is normal in infants, spit-up that happens frequently, specifically long after they've eaten, is a symptom of reflux. (justmommies.com)
- In infants, this ring of muscles has not fully developed, and this can cause reflux. (stlukes-stl.com)
- Reflux in infants goes away once this muscle develops, often by age 1 year. (stlukes-stl.com)
- How is gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnosed in infants? (pennutrition.com)
- Can infants who present with gastroesophageal reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease have an underlying cow's milk protein allergy? (pennutrition.com)
- What changes in breastfeeding have been shown to be effective in treating infants with gastroesophageal reflux? (pennutrition.com)
- Are probiotics effective in the prevention and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and GER-related symptoms in healthy full-term human milk-fed infants? (pennutrition.com)
- Can positioning therapy help to improve symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux/gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants? (pennutrition.com)
- Are infants with gastroesophageal reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease susceptible to long-term feeding difficulties? (pennutrition.com)
Esophageal5
- Weight loss was followed by decreased time with esophageal acid exposure in 2 RCTs (from 5.6% to 3.7% and from 8.0% to 5.5%), and reduced reflux symptoms in prospective observational studies. (nih.gov)
- Reflux should be ruled out (using esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH testing if necessary) once a cardiac cause for the chest pain has been excluded. (medscape.com)
- Among patients who experience nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux , the left lateral decubitus sleep position correlated with significantly shorter esophageal acid exposure time and faster esophageal acid clearance, according to research. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- Schuitenmaker and colleagues included 57 patients who were referred for ambulatory pH-impedance reflux monitoring with supine esophageal acid exposure of 0.5% or higher. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- Reflux less than or equal to 4% across the esophageal sphincter. (unboundmedicine.com)
Acid17
- In 1934 gastroenterologist Asher Winkelstein described reflux and attributed the symptoms to stomach acid. (wikipedia.org)
- The acid reflux can induce asthma attack symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing in those with underlying asthma. (wikipedia.org)
- Acid reflux into the mouth can cause breakdown of the enamel, especially on the inside surface of the teeth. (wikipedia.org)
- Reflux means that stomach acid and juices move back up into your esophagus, the tube that leads from the throat to the stomach. (healthwise.net)
- Many people experience acid reflux from time to time. (pharmacytimes.com)
- In gastroesophageal reflux disease, stomach contents, including acid and bile, flow backward from the stomach into the esophagus, causing inflammation in the esophagus and pain in the bottom of the chest. (msdmanuals.com)
- Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children Gastroesophageal reflux is the backward movement of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus and sometimes into the mouth. (msdmanuals.com)
- Because the esophagus lacks a similar protective lining, stomach acid and bile that flow backward (reflux) into the esophagus may cause symptoms and in some cases damage. (msdmanuals.com)
- This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus. (rheumatology-now.com)
- Ayurveda distinguishes Acid reflux illness as Amlapitta.The infection frequently gives indications like Indigestion (Avipaak), sluggishness (Klama), queasiness (Utklesa), harsh and unpleasant burping (Tikta-Amla Udgaar), greatness (Gauravata), heart and throat consume (Hrit-Kantha Daha) and aversion towards food ( Aruchi). (chandigarhayurvedcentre.com)
- Acid reflux. (chandigarhayurvedcentre.com)
- These symptoms are in simpler terms also known as acid refluxes. (hubpages.com)
- Therefore, every chest congestion may not be because of gastric acid refluxes. (hubpages.com)
- Although gravity is not your friend when it comes to snoring, it is your friend when fighting reflux because gravity helps keep stomach acid and food in your stomach and out of your esophagus. (mattressfirm.com)
- Acid reflux is caused by a backed up, constipated colon. (curemanual.com)
- Otherwise you wouldn't be suffering from acid reflux. (curemanual.com)
- You can prevent acid reflux by eating a diet recommended for humans. (curemanual.com)
Chronic5
- A chronic cough or wheezing- Since fluids are almost constantly back splashing, especially in areas like the nose and throat, reflux children tend to have a noticeable moist cough and wheezing. (justmommies.com)
- Improper use of the voice and vocal muscles is the main factor that causes voice problems, but strokes, neurological diseases, cancer and chronic health issues such as gastroesophageal reflux can also lead to voice problems. (vch.ca)
- Poelmans J, Tack J, Feenstra L. Prospective study on the incidence of chronic ear complaints related to gastroesophageal reflux and on the outcome of antireflux therapy. (ac.ir)
- Gastroesophageal reflux contributing to chronic sinus disease in children: A prospective analysis. (ac.ir)
- Bothwell MR, Parsons DS, Talbot A, Barbero GJ, Wilder B. Outcome of reflux therapy on pediatric chronic sinusitis. (ac.ir)
Diagnosis6
- Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. (medscape.com)
- Many doctors make the reflux diagnosis without performing any tests, but several tests are available. (justmommies.com)
- Updated guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) on the diagnosis and management of gastroespohageal reflux disease in adults. (pennutrition.com)
- LPR diagnosis was performed by ear, nose and throat specialists using the reflux finding score (RFS) and reflux symptom index (RSI). (unipi.it)
- The gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition in the western world but less than half of patients present endoscopic abnormalities, making a standard procedure unsuitable for diagnosis. (revistaabcd.org.br)
- The meaning of the narrow band imaging in the endoscopic diagnosis of reflux disease will be defined by large scale studies, with different categories of patients, including assessment of symptoms and response to treatment. (revistaabcd.org.br)
Pediatric1
- Abd El-Fattah AM, Abdul Maksoud GA, Ramadan AS, Abdalla AF, Abdel Aziz MM. Pepsin assay: A marker for reflux in pediatric glue ear. (ac.ir)
Asthma1
- Examples of these symptoms are asthma, hoarseness, and cough along with reflux. (cigna.com)
Prevalence1
- Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during infancy. (ac.ir)
Surgery2
- There is a surgery available if the reflux is severe enough. (justmommies.com)
- Surgery for reflux disease: reflections of a gastroenterologist. (medscape.com)
Occurs4
- Gastroesophageal reflux often occurs postprandially and lasts less than three minutes with minimal symptoms. (aafp.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs when the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach). (stlukes-stl.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the esophagus. (stlukes-stl.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux is a physiological phenomenon, which occurs when contents of stomach flow back to the esophagus. (medicsciences.com)
Gastro-oesophageal1
- Review article: Epidemiology and management of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children. (ac.ir)
Regurgitation1
- Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is defined as regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus (Riffe et al. (medscape.com)
Contents into the esophagus1
- When a person is standing or sitting, gravity helps prevent the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, which explains why reflux can worsen when a person is lying down. (msdmanuals.com)
Barrett's1
- Selected papers using it in patients with reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus are analyzed in several ways, highlighting the findings and limitations. (revistaabcd.org.br)
Helicobacter3
- The second paper uses a nested case-control study, also based on the large Norwegian population-based health survey, to investigate the relation between Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric atrophy, and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. (ki.se)
- Infection with Helicobacter pylori did not influence the risk for reflux symptoms after adjustments for confounding. (ki.se)
- Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroesophageal reflux in a population-based study (The HUNT Study). (ki.se)
Laryngopharyngeal reflux1
- How many cases of laryngopharyngeal reflux suspected by laryngoscopy are gastroesophageal reflux disease-related? (unipi.it)
Proximal2
- They used a sleep position measurement device to measure concurrent sleep positions (left, right, supine and prone) and evaluated composition, type and proximal extent of reflux episode and sleep position for each nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux episode. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- The proximal reflux was abnormal in patients with ERD/NERD only. (unipi.it)
Patients3
- Giannini EG, Zentilin P, Dulbecco P, Vigneri S, Scarlata P, Savarino V. Management strategy for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a comparison between empirical treatment with esomeprazole and endoscopy-oriented treatment. (medscape.com)
- Up to 80% of the patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease experience burdensome symptoms at night, which can have a negative effect on sleep quality," Jeroen M. Schuitenmaker, M D, of the department of gastroenterology and hepatology at Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and colleagues wrote in the American Journal of Gastroenterology . (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spontaneous sleep positions on the occurrence of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux by combining pH-impedance and sleep position monitoring in a large prospective cohort of patients with reflux symptoms. (peoplebeatingcancer.org)
Irritate1
- This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus and irritate it. (medlineplus.gov)
Laryngoscopy1
- Correlation of findings at direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy with gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: A prospective study. (ac.ir)
Complications1
- Occasional gastroesophageal reflux without troublesome symptoms or complications is even more common. (wikipedia.org)
20171
- 2017. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Davis-Lab-and-Diagnostic-Tests/425144/all/Gastroesophageal_Reflux_Scan. (unboundmedicine.com)
Improve reflux symptoms1
- A slight upward tilt on the bed is one of the few proven ways to actually help improve reflux symptoms. (mattressfirm.com)
Disorders1
- These reactions cause the production of reflux secretions and this result in gastric disorders. (hubpages.com)
Respiratory symptoms4
- Most children with gastroesophageal reflux have normal weight gain, minimal irritability, and no respiratory symptoms. (aafp.org)
- In the first paper, the association between several respiratory symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms is evaluated based on data from a large population-based health survey from Norway, comprising more than 40,000 participants. (ki.se)
- In study participants with respiratory symptoms, a two- to threefold increased risk for reflux symptoms was seen. (ki.se)
- The relation between gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory symptoms in a population-based study: the Nord-Trondelag health survey. (ki.se)
Symptom Index1
- The primary outcome was symptom control evaluated by Reflux Disease Questionnaire and Reflux Symptom Index. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogenesis1
- The anatomy of the esophagus, stomach, and EGJ is critical in the understanding of the pathogenesis of reflux. (medscape.com)
Persistent2
- For a patient who has persistent symptoms despite medical treatment, an anti-reflux operation may be an option. (mountsinai.org)
- Reflux can make it difficult to get quality rest due to persistent pain and discomfort. (mattressfirm.com)
Extraesophageal symptoms1
- In addition to these typical symptoms, abnormal reflux can cause atypical (extraesophageal) symptoms, such as coughing, chest pain, and wheezing. (medscape.com)
Therapy5
- Medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in 2007. (medscape.com)
- In monozygotic co-twin control analyses and in prospective nested case-control analyses, the potential effect of female sex hormones, in postmenopausal hormone therapy and oral contraceptives, on reflux symptoms was evaluated. (ki.se)
- In women who had ever used estrogen postmenopausal therapy there was a 60% increased risk of reflux symptoms. (ki.se)
- There were indications of an association between use of both progestin postmenopausal hormone therapy and oral contraceptives on the risk of reflux symptoms, but this did not remain in the prospective nested case-control analyses. (ki.se)
- Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and oral contraaceptives in relation to gastroesophageal reflux in a population-based twin study. (ki.se)
Questionnaire1
- The infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire revised: Development and validation as an evaluative instrument. (ac.ir)
Gastric contents1
- Unfortunately, when you lie in a completely reclined position, gastric contents are no longer under the pull of gravity and can easily move into the esophagus causing the discomfort of reflux. (mattressfirm.com)
Secondary1
- Transient inflammation and dysfunction of the eustachian tube secondary to multiple exposures of simulated gastroesophageal refluxant. (ac.ir)