Galectins gene 3 protein binds galectin 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

They are also termed S-type lectins due to their dependency on disulphide bonds for stability and carbohydrate binding. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike the majority of lectins they are not membrane bound, but soluble proteins with both intra- and extracellular functions. (wikipedia.org)
Carbohydrate binding is calcium independent, unlike C-type lectins. (wikipedia.org)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)
We were able to identify several classes of antimicrobial peptides, such as buforins, peroniins and brevinins, as well as PLA 2 , lectins and galectins, combining protein sequencing and RNA-seq analysis for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. (unige.ch)
Structural Characterization of N-Linked Glycans in the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and their Interactions with Human Lectins. (unige.ch)
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind to carbohydrates on the surface of cells, regulating the amount of leukocytes through of apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms being galectin-3 the most well studied of these lectins. (fapesp.br)

It binds to adhesion proteins such as integrins and blocks further binding to other cells or the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-3BP binds Galectin-3 (formerly MAC-2) with high affinity, but also binds Galectins -1 and -7, several collagen types, fibronectin, beta 1 integrins and nidogen (3, 6, 7). (novusbio.com)
Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis. (unige.ch)

When concentrations of galectin-3 are high it forms large complexes that assist in adhesion by bridging between cells or cells and the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
It is widely expressed in all extracellular fluids and in pericellular areas of cell-rich tissues (1-3). (novusbio.com)

Although many galectins must be secreted, they do not have a typical signal peptide required for classical secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Glycan-inhibitable surface binding of galectin-8 to these cells increased gene transcription and the secretion of functional disease markers. (nih.gov)
The galectins constitute a large family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that function in many systems both intracellularly and following secretion. (rndsystems.com)
Recently, protein from toads' secretion has gaining attention. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we used a RNA-seq analysis from R. schneideri skin and biochemical tests with the gland secretion to unravel its protein molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we performed caseinolytic activity test to assess the presence of serine and metalloproteases in skin secretion and it was fractionated by fast liquid protein chromatography using a reverse-phase column. (biomedcentral.com)
Besides, this is a pioneer study that presented the in depth characterization of protein molecules richness from this toad secretion. (biomedcentral.com)

Having previously identified homodimeric galectin-1 and chimera-type galectin-3 as molecular switches in osteoarthritis progression, we here provide proof-of-principle evidence for an intra-network cooperation of galectins with three types of modular architecture. (nih.gov)
The effects of MP are the subject of new and interesting research with evidence indicating that galactan-rich tiny molecular weight pectin fragments can bind to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) on the pro-metastatic protein, GAL-3. (encyclopedia.pub)
Animal's and microorganisms' secretions, as well as plant extracts, have been used as folk medicine since the dawn of the humanity [ 1 ].Therefore, molecules found in poisons and venoms are interesting, once they were selected by evolution to act in their molecular targets with high specificity [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular characterization of prostate carcinoma tumor antigen-1, PCTA-1, a human galectin-8 related gene. (unige.ch)
In addition, mitochondria harbour many damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a variety of inflammatory signalling pathways [ 3 ]. (nature.com)

Galectins essentially bind to glycans featuring galactose and its derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
Galectin-8-N-domain recognition mechanism for sialylated and sulfated glycans. (unige.ch)

This is the first study to investigate potential serum biomarkers based on over-expressed proteins in thyroid cancer versus benign pathology. (biomedcentral.com)

The galectin lattice is a multi-valent interaction of galectins with glycoproteins at the cell surface that displays rapid exchange of binding partners with properties of liquid-liquid phase transitions, thereby acting as an intermediary between freely diffusing glycoproteins and stable complexes in the membrane. (gr.jp)
SARS-CoV-2 is made up of four primary structural proteins: homotrimer spike (S) glycoprotein, small envelope (E) glycoprotein, membrane (M) glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N) protein as well as a few ancillary proteins [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Upon autophagy activation, Atgs, serine/threonine kinase ULK1, and Beclin-1, in association with Atg14 and type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Vps34, promote the formation of a cup-shaped isolation membrane to engulf the cargo ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
This latter step is mediated by a second Beclin-1 complex, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and a fusion machinery including SNARE syntaxin-17. (frontiersin.org)

Tandem galectins contain at least two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) within one polypeptide, thus are considered intrinsically divalent. (wikipedia.org)
The galectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) is constructed from beta-sheet of about 135 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
The concave side forms a groove in which the carbohydrate ligand can bind, and which is long enough to hold about a linear tetrasaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
The strength of ligand binding is determined by a number of factors: The multivalency of both of ligand and the galectin, the length of the carbohydrate and the mode of presentation of ligand to carbohydrate recognition domain. (wikipedia.org)
They cannot bind to other sugars such as mannose because this sugar will not fit inside the carbohydrate recognition domain without steric hindrance. (wikipedia.org)
Galectins contain either one or two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRR) which mediate recognition of N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. (rndsystems.com)
Individual galectins differ in their tissue distribution and in their carbohydrate-binding specificities. (rndsystems.com)

This allows galectin-3 to bridge effectively between different ligands and form adhesive networks. (wikipedia.org)
Here we review the interactions of metabolism, galectins and glycoprotein ligands as well as the utility of this model to predict and treat inflammation and autoimmunity. (gr.jp)

Many isoforms of galectins have been found due to different splicing variants. (wikipedia.org)
Galectin-9 has three different isoforms which differ in the length of the linker region. (wikipedia.org)
Some galectins exist in multiple isoforms due to alternative splicing. (rndsystems.com)

Galectin-3 binding protein (Galectin-3BP), also known as MAC-2 binding protein (MAC-2BP or M2BP), and the 90 kDa tumor associated antigen (TAA90K or 90K), is a secreted glycoprotein of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily (1, 2). (novusbio.com)

Due to the nature of the binding pocket, galectins can bind terminal sugars or internal sugars within a glycan. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic regulation of UDP-GlcNAc supply to Golgi N-glycan remodeling regulates glycoprotein affinities for galectins -and in turn, trafficking and presentation at the cell surface. (gr.jp)
Bacterial compartment is captured by autophagosome either via ubiquitination (A.2, 3) or host glycan recognition by galectins (A.3). (frontiersin.org)

The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)
Since AP-2 regulates the expression of MCAM/MUC18, c-KIT and MMP-2, and since other important genes involved in the progression of human melanoma such as E-cadherin, HER-2, VEGF, FAS/APO-1, bcl-2 and Kai-1, are also regulated by AP-2, we hypothesized that loss of AP-2 could be a "major switch" in the development of malignant melanoma. (mdanderson.org)
CREB also regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor gene CYR61. (mdanderson.org)

This gene encodes a member of the galectin family. (unige.ch)
Among the top genetic associations, zinc finger protein 804A ( ZNF804A ) gene encodes a zinc finger protein, associated with SZ and biolar disorder (BD). (biomedcentral.com)

This signature overlapped with respective gene-expression patterns elicited by galectins-1 and -3, but also presented supplementary features. (nih.gov)
Based on a review of these and other published studies using gene expression analysis, we concluded that YKL-40, Gal-3, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), TIMP-1 and Ang-1 were consistently found to be upregulated. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of Po66-CBP, a type-8 galectin, in different healthy, tumoral and peritumoral tissues. (unige.ch)
Surface-epitope masking and expression cloning identifies the human prostate carcinoma tumor antigen gene PCTA-1 a member of the galectin gene family. (unige.ch)
Autophagy can further be regulated by several transcriptional factors such as NFkappaB and TFEB to promote expression of different autophagy genes and thus prolong autophagy activation ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
miRNAs have a variety of tasks, highlighting the modulation of expression of several proteins by degrading or preventing the translation of mRNAs, being several of them involved in allograft rejection. (fapesp.br)
In other studies we have recently demonstrated that dominant-negative CREB can inhibit growth and metastasis of melanoma via regulation of MMP-2 and MUC18 gene expression. (mdanderson.org)

Galectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion. (unige.ch)
In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with a focus on bacteria-macrophage interaction. (frontiersin.org)
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The process is highly regulated by multiple signaling pathways and orchestrated by more than 30 autophagy-related (Atgs) proteins organized in several functional units ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The autophagy machinery targets intracellular pathogens for degradation, modulates inflammation, and participates in adaptive immune responses ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Xenophagy requires formation of an autophagosome and depends on ULK1, autophagy-related (Atg)14, Beclin-1, Atg5-12, and autophagy receptor proteins such as p62 (A.1). (frontiersin.org)

We show that the presence of tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration and that it is secreted by osteoarthritic chondrocytes. (nih.gov)
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

An alternative approach to tumor transcript profiling is protein profiling of serum. (biomedcentral.com)

Different galectins have distinct binding specificities for binding oligosaccharides depending on the tissue in which they are expressed and the function that they possess. (wikipedia.org)

Galectin-8 interacts with podoplanin and modulates lymphatic endothelial cell functions. (unige.ch)
Our previous interactomic study revealed that ZNF804A interacts with multiple proteins to control protein translation and neural development. (biomedcentral.com)

In coronavirus, the spike proteins (with a distinctive "corona" crown-like shape on the virion surface) have two subunits, the S1 and S2 glycoproteins. (encyclopedia.pub)

INTENDED USE AND DESCRIPTION: For use a quantitative control for the determination of human Galectin-3 concentrations in biological fluids. (rndsystems.com)

For example, galectin-9 binds to polylactosamine chains with stronger affinity than to an N-acetyllactosamine monomer. (wikipedia.org)

S1 has an N-terminal domain (NTD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD), which facilitate the host adhesion binding to the receptor. (encyclopedia.pub)
The PD-1 and CTLA-4 are members of the CD28 receptor family. (fapesp.br)
Using cDNA microchip, we recently identified the thrombin receptor PAR-1 to be a target for regulation by AP-2. (mdanderson.org)

This is because more Van der Waals interactions can occur between sugar and binding pocket. (wikipedia.org)
Crystallisation experiments of galectins in complex with N-acetyllactosamine show that binding arises due to hydrogen bonding interactions from the carbon-4 and carbon-6 hydroxyl groups of galactose and carbon-3 of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the side chains of amino acids in the protein. (wikipedia.org)
This gene is widely expressed in tumoral tissues and seems to be involved in integrin-like cell interactions. (unige.ch)

This effect of MP as a GAL-3 antagonism, which has shown benefits in preclinical and clinical models, may be of relevance to the progression of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. (encyclopedia.pub)

When Galectin-3 is at a low concentration it is monomeric and likely to inhibit adhesion. (wikipedia.org)

The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
To further examine the effect of gene dosage of ZNF804A on neurite morphology, both knockdown and overexpression of ZNF804A in primary neuronal cells significantly attenuate dendritic complex and spine formation. (biomedcentral.com)
The CTLA-4 acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation and PD-1 also has an inhibitory function on T cells and B cells, being important in peripheral tolerance. (fapesp.br)
We found that loss of AP-2 resulted in overexpression of PAR-1 in metastatic melanoma cells, which in turn contributes, to invasion and metastasis. (mdanderson.org)
In addition, we also demonstrated that CREB and its associated proteins act as survival factors for human melanoma cells, thus, providing a mechanism, for the first time, on how overexpression of CREB in melanoma cells may contribute to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype. (mdanderson.org)

Serial testing of anti-spike protein antibody binding and neutralizing antibody titers in serum collected from 233 long-stay nursing home residents from the time of their primary vaccination series and including any subsequent booster doses, including the bivalent vaccine, was performed. (cdc.gov)
The bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine substantially increased anti-spike and neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron sublineages, including BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5, irrespective of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or previous receipt of 1 or 2 booster doses. (cdc.gov)

While some signals are mitogenic and proosteogenic, others function to inhibit osteogenesis and increase bone resorption, and it appears that a well-controlled, delicate balance of inflammatory factors is necessary for proper fracture repair [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

For example, Galectin-8 has seven different mRNAs encoding for both tandem and dimeric forms. (wikipedia.org)

Genome-wide array analysis revealed induction of a pro-degradative/inflammatory gene signature, largely under control of NF-κB signaling. (nih.gov)
MP is safe and non-toxic with promising therapeutic properties with regard to targeting galectin-3 (GAL-3) toward the prevention and inhibition of viral infections through the modulation of the immune response and anti-inflammatory cytokine effects. (encyclopedia.pub)

The fundamental theory of phagocytosis was first described by Élie Metchnikoff in 1882, which has been gradually established and well-understood over the past two centuries ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Amongst their many roles, mitochondria play a crucial function in energy production, iron homeostasis, and the biosynthesis of lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)

The type of galectin-8 that is expressed is dependent on the tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure levels of five serum proteins previously demonstrated to be up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), chitinase 3 like-1 (YKL-40), and galectin-3 (GAL-3). (biomedcentral.com)

Serum levels of four of the five proteins were elevated in patients with thyroid masses relative to normal values. (biomedcentral.com)

Copy number variants (CNVs) of ZNF804A have been observed in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), anxiety disorder, and BD, suggesting that ZNF804A is a dosage sensitive gene for brain development. (biomedcentral.com)
however, reduced effectiveness of monovalent vaccines during the period of Omicron variant predominance led to recommendations for booster doses with bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines that include an Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike protein component to broaden immune response and improve vaccine effectiveness against circulating Omicron variants (2). (cdc.gov)

Galectin-3 can exist in monomeric form or can associate via the non-lectin domain into multivalent complexes up to a pentameric form. (wikipedia.org)

The arising challenge for current research is to proceed from work on a distinct protein to family-wide testing of lectin function. (nih.gov)
Galectin-8: a complex sub-family of galectins (Review). (unige.ch)

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (unige.ch)

The secretions are composed mainly by biogenic amines and steroids, as bufodienolides and bufotoxines, but they also produce proteins and glicoconjugate molecules [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Be the first to review Simple Plex Control for Human Galectin-3 and earn rewards! (rndsystems.com)
Have you used Simple Plex Control for Human Galectin-3? (rndsystems.com)
Detects human Galectin‑3BP/MAC‑2BP in direct ELISAs and Western blots. (novusbio.com)
The 585 amino acid (aa) human Galectin-3BP contains an 18 aa signal sequence and four definitive domains (4-6). (novusbio.com)
Galectin-8 mediates fibrogenesis induced by cyclosporine in human gingival fibroblasts. (unige.ch)
The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. (unige.ch)

There are three different forms of galectin structure: dimeric, tandem or chimera. (wikipedia.org)

The use of MP as a GAL-3 inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent blocking against the SARS-CoV-2-binding spike protein. (encyclopedia.pub)
This involves the use of the GAL-3 inhibitor as an antiviral agent blocking against the SARS-CoV-2-binding spike protein. (encyclopedia.pub)

However, physiologically, they are likely to require lactose or N-acetyllactosamine for significantly strong binding. (wikipedia.org)

Functional assays with mixtures of galectins that mimic the pathophysiological status unveiled cooperation between the three galectins. (nih.gov)

Galectins are a class of proteins that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which can be bound to proteins by either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)

These DAMPs include mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cardiolipin, N-formyl peptides (NFPs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and succinate [ 3 ]. (nature.com)

These results indicate that the gene-dosage of ZNF804A affects the transcriptome and cellular function. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Lectins9

Integrins3

Extracellular4

Secretion7

Molecular5

Glycans4

Biomarkers1

Membrane4

Carbohydrate7

Ligands2

Isoforms3

Cysteine-rich1

Glycan3

Regulates3

Encodes2

Expression7

Autophagy6

Chondrocytes2

Tumor1

Specificities1

Interacts2

Glycoproteins1

Concentrations1

Affinity1

Receptor3

Interactions3

Progression1

Adhesion1

Cells5

Antibody2

Inhibit1

MRNAs1

Inflammatory2

Phagocytosis1

Amino acids1

Tissue2

Serum1

Variants2

Complexes1

Family2

CDNA1

Molecules1

Human6

Tandem1

Inhibitor2

Significantly1

Functional1

Glycosylation1

Include1

Function1