It is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. (novusbio.com)
Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) are agents that mimic the essential posttranslational modifications of G-proteins. (oncotarget.com)
Small G-proteins, monomeric GTPases, or the RAS (Rat sarcoma) superfamily are a large family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 30 kDa [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Mutations of the NF1 gene potentially results in the activation of multiple Ras proteins, which are key regulators of many biologic effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Loss of the Ras GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin promotes nervous system tumor pathogenesis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). (biomedcentral.com)
Cells were transfected with doxycycline-inducible vectors expressing either a pan-inhibitor of the R-Ras subfamily [dominant negative (DN) R-Ras] or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (biomedcentral.com)
The isolated PDZ domain (amino acids 206-334) is capable of folding into a well-behaved structure and binds to a nonpolar peptide with a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 1.9 microM, similar to that of the intact Tsp protein. (embl.de)
Factor3
ATF1 NM_005171 ATF2 NM_001880 ATF4 Activating transcription factor 4 NM_001675 ATF6 NM_007348 ATF7 NM_001206682 ATF7IP NM_018179 BTF3 NM_001207 Homo sapiens basic transcription factor 3 E2F4 Homo sapiens E2F transcription factor 4, p107/p130-binding (E2F4), mRNA ERH (gene) Enhancer of rudimentary homolog of drosophila (which in turn is the first enzymatic step in pyrimidine synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we show that the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 (T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis) controls the cell polarity of epidermal keratinocytes. (rupress.org)
Here, it is demonstrated that TGFβ facilitates Tβ4 expression and leads to the activation of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF), which are coactivators of serum response factor (SRF) and regulate the expression of genes critical for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)
GTPases2
Guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs, or exchange factors), such as RALGDS, are effectors of Ras-related GTPases (see MIM 190020) that participate in signaling for a variety of cellular processes. (cancerindex.org)
Rho-family GTPases orchestrate both of these cellular processes. (silverchair.com)
RhoA1
ARHGAP21 interacts with RhoA-GTP, and acts as a GAP to increase RhoA GTPase activity. (uth.edu)
Adhesion1
MKL1 and MKL2 ), or robust SRF transcriptional coactivators, have been reported to organize actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and regulate cell motility by controlling the expression of dozens of cytoskeletal/adhesion genes ( 4-6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Systematic1
Systematic search in PubMed for genes co-occurring with SCZ keywords. (uth.edu)
Molecular1
In molecular biology, housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions. (wikipedia.org)
GeneID2
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T helper cells (20h): Th0 versus TGFB1 and IL6 [GeneID=7040;3569]. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Genes up-regulated in DN3 thymocytes: wildtype versus TCF7 [GeneID=6932] knockout. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Differentially1
This dataset includes 4641 differentially methylated probes corresponding to 2929 unique genes between schizophrenia patients (n=24) and controls (n=24). (uth.edu)
Functionally1
Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Interacts1
Peptide binding of the ligand takes place in an elongated surface groove as an anti-parallel beta-strand interacts with the beta-B strand and the B helix. (embl.de)
Cytoskeleton1
In particular, the Rho-related genes are important in nuclear trafficking (i.e.: mitosis) as well as with mobility along the cytoskeleton in general. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor2
Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
In multiple human cancers, Tβ4 levels correlate positively with TGFβ1 and the tumor-associated gene expression levels through processes that respectively depend on TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and MRTF expression. (aacrjournals.org)
Tumor1
Tβ4-knockout B16F1 (Tβ4 KO) clones show significantly diminished expression level of tumor-associated genes, which is regulated by the TGFβ/MRTFs pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
Genome2
Housekeeping genes account for majority of the active genes in the genome, and their expression is obviously vital to survival. (wikipedia.org)
Genome regulation encompasses all facets of gene expression, from the biochemical modifications of DNA, to the physical arrangement of chromosomes and the activity of the transcription machinery. (mechanobio.info)
UniProt1
Detects both RAC1 (Gene ID: 5879, UniProt: P63000) and RAC2 (Gene ID: 5880, UniProt: P15153). (novusbio.com)
Datasets1
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
Transcription4
Biochemical studies on transcription initiation of the housekeeping gene promoters have been difficult, partly due to the less-characterized promoter motifs and transcription initiation process. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription start sites of housekeeping genes can span over a region of around 100 bp whereas transcription start sites of developmentally regulated genes are usually focused in a narrow region. (wikipedia.org)
Little is known about how the dispersed transcription initiation of housekeeping gene is established. (wikipedia.org)
There are transcription factors that are specifically enriched on and regulate housekeeping gene promoters. (wikipedia.org)
Promotes1
We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Partial1
The following is a partial list of "housekeeping genes. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane1
Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. (novusbio.com)
On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
The housekeeping gene expression levels are fine-tuned to meet the metabolic requirements in various tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Specific3
In Drosophila, where promoter specific CpG Islands are absent, housekeeping gene promoters contain DNA elements like DRE, E-box or DPE. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of fish adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a specific effector of the Rho GTPase Cdc42, is activated by HGF, and we have previously shown that activated PAK4 induces a loss of both actin stress fibres and focal adhesions. (silverchair.com)
Cell1
We used microarrays to detect gene expression changes in WT and TCF-1 deficient DN3 thymocytes as well as T cell lymphoma cells developed in TCF-1 KO mice. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Constant1
Although some housekeeping genes are expressed at relatively constant rates in most non-pathological situations, the expression of other housekeeping genes may vary depending on experimental conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Human2
Recently a web-based database of human and mouse housekeeping genes and reference genes/transcripts, named Housekeeping and Reference Transcript Atlas (HRT Atlas), was developed to offer updated list of housekeeping genes and reliable candidate reference genes/transcripts for RT-qPCR data normalization. (wikipedia.org)
Human housekeeping gene promoters are generally depleted of TATA-box, have high GC content and high incidence of CpG Islands. (wikipedia.org)
Levels1
For experimental purposes, the expression of one or multiple housekeeping genes is used as a reference point for the analysis of expression levels of other genes. (wikipedia.org)
Full1
In murine mammary gland cells (NMuMG), Tβ4 upregulation is required for full induction of a MRTF-regulated EMT gene expression program after TGFβ stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
These findings demonstrate that RASgrf1 is closely associated with epilepsy via the aberrant methylation of RASgrf1, and regulating the methylation status of relevant genes might be an intriguing topic in future research on epilepsy. (cusabio.com)
Remains1
The origin of the term "housekeeping gene" remains obscure. (wikipedia.org)