Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14, rod opsin kinase, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1, GPCR kinase 1, GRK1, opsin kinase, opsin kinase (phosphorylating), rhodopsin kinase (phosphorylating), RK, STK14) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase involved in phototransduction. (wikipedia.org)
This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: ATP + rhodopsin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phospho-rhodopsin Mutations in rhodopsin kinase are associated with a form of night blindness called Oguchi disease. (wikipedia.org)
Rhodopsin kinase is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptor kinases, and is officially named G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1, or GRK1. (wikipedia.org)
Rhodopsin kinase is found primarily in mammalian retinal rod cells, where it phosphorylates light-activated rhodopsin, a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors that recognizes light. (wikipedia.org)
Rhodopsin kinase is inhibited by the calcium-binding protein recoverin in a graded manner that maintains rhodopsin sensitivity to light despite large changes in ambient light conditions. (wikipedia.org)
in bright light, rod cell calcium levels are low so recoverin cannot bind or inhibit rhodopsin kinase, resulting in greater rhodopsin kinase/arrestin inhibition of rhodopsin signaling at baseline to preserve visual sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
According to a proposed model, the N-terminus of rhodopsin kinase is involved in its own activation. (wikipedia.org)
It's suggested that an activated rhodopsin binds to the N-terminus, which is also involved in the stabilization of the kinase domain to induce an active conformation. (wikipedia.org)
Rhodopsin kinase is encoded from the GRK1 gene, so a mutation in GRK1 can result in Oguchi disease. (wikipedia.org)
Rhodopsin kinase directly participates in the rhodopsin to activate the visual phototransduction. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have shown that lack of rhodopsin kinase will result in photoreceptor cell death. (wikipedia.org)
These include the functional co-expression of both mouse cone opsins (S- and M-) in most cones, the requirement for the G-protein receptor kinase Grk1 (formerly "rhodopsin kinase") in cone opsin deactivation, and the functional co-expression of two arrestins (Arr1, Arr4), establishing that at least one of the arresting be present for normal deactivation of both S- and M-opsin. (ucdavis.edu)
F ) A representative immunoblot for rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) shows a stronger signal in a retinal homogenate from a P56 NAC-treated rho/VEGF mouse compared with an untreated P56 rho/VEGF mouse (control). (jci.org)
GRK1, also called rhodopsin kinase, belongs to the visual group of GRKs and is expressed in retinal cells. (umbc.edu)
Recoverin, an NCS protein operating in vision, regulates the activity of rhodopsin kinase, GRK1, in a Ca 2+-dependent manner. (univr.it)
Using pull-down assays, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and rhodopsinphosphorylation assays, we demonstrated that truncation of recoverin at the C-terminus significantly reduced the affinity of recoverin for rhodopsin kinase. (univr.it)
Based on these results we suggest that Phe 3 from the N-terminal helix of rhodopsin kinase and Lys 192 from the C-terminal segment of recoverin form a cation-π interaction pair which is essential for target recognition by recoverin. (univr.it)
Taken together, the results of the present study reveal a novel rhodopsin-kinase-binding site within the C-terminal region of recoverin, and highlights its significance for target recognition and regulation. (univr.it)
Transgenic expression of GRK1 V380D mutant in rods reveals a kinase with reduced expression and catalytic activity. (vcu.edu)
While V380D GRK1 is found capable of inactivating rhodopsin, the reduction in kinase activity leads to a delayed dark adaptation, and is congruent with the night blindness phenotype observed in Oguchi disease patients. (vcu.edu)
Mutations4
Mutations in GRK1 are associated to a recessively inherited form of stationary nightblindness called Oguchi disease. (umbc.edu)
Even though the reaction catalyzed by GRK1 is not rate-limiting, mutations of this important gene render rhodopsinphosphorylation and deactivation the slowest step in rod recovery and create a pathological condition. (vcu.edu)
GRK1 mutations have been found in Oguchi disease patients, who suffer from congenital stationary night blindness. (vcu.edu)
Light-activated rhodopsin1
Phosphorylated, light-activated rhodopsin binds to the protein arrestin to terminate the light-activated signaling cascade. (wikipedia.org)
Genes that are responsible for Oguchi disease are SAG (which encodes arrestin) and GRK1 genes. (wikipedia.org)
Data indicate molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed fluorescence experiments on arrestin-1 interactions with rhodopsin, showing that loops within the C-edge of arrestin function as a membrane anchor. (cusabio.com)
Arrestin quenches G-protein activation by binding to phosphorylated photolyzed rhodopsin. (lookformedical.com)
Mammalian1
human rhodopsin is more thermally stable than ancestral ancestrally reconstructed mammalian rhodopsin. (cusabio.com)
Phosphorylates1
It phosphorylates rhodopsin in rod cells, which leads to termination of the phototransduction cascade. (umbc.edu)
Altogether our data add significantly to understanding the structure and function of GRK1, which is one of the least understood molecules involved in vertebrate phototransduction. (vcu.edu)
Transducin1
the stoichiometry is 1:1 rhodopsin:transducin. (cusabio.com)
Enzyme1
The post-translational modification of GRK1 by farnesylation and α-carboxyl methylation is important for regulating the ability of the enzyme to recognize rhodopsin in rod outer segment disk membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Mutant1
Rhodopsin mutant E113Q could have the potential for use as a template of anion biosensors at visible wavelength. (cusabio.com)
Outer1
We found that isoprenylation is required for GRK1 membrane association and outer segment targeting. (vcu.edu)
Molecules1
These findings revealed a total water flux between the bulk and the protein inside in the Meta II state, and suggested that these pathways provide water molecules to the crucial sites of the activated rhodopsin. (cusabio.com)
Study1
The study shows that, compared to the inactive 11-cis-retinal case, trans-retinal rhodopsin is able to undergo protonated Schiff base (PSB) deprotonation due to a change in the conformation of the retinal and a consequent alteration in the hydrogen-bond (HB) network in which PSB and the counterion Glu113 are embedded. (cusabio.com)
GRK1, GRK4, and GRK7 are expressed in limited tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on sequence homology, the GRK family can be divided into the three following subfamilies: the GRK1 subfamily composed of GRK1 and GRK7, the GRK2 subfamily composed of GRK2 and GRK3, and the GRK4 subfamily composed of GRK4, GRK5, and GRK6. (biomedcentral.com)