MonocytesNeutrophilsDifferentiationLymphocytesEosinophilsInflammationMacrophageInterleukinDifferentiateAntigensProgenitorTumorAntibodiesCytokinesImmunityHematopoietic cellsResponsesCellularVitroStemPhagocytesProteolytic cleavageProliferationTherapeuticDendritic cellCytotoxicBody'sRegulatesImmunotherapyColonyTissueClinicalDysfunctionInfiltrationInflammatorySubsetCytokineCD11cInnate and adaptiveMechanismsMononuclear cellsMyeloid CellsAntigen presentationAutoimmunityPhenotypesSubsequentCytotoxicityReceptorsInfectionInhibitorySurvivalAdaptive immune rReceptorHomeostasisTumors
Monocytes11
- The majority of interleukins are synthesized by CD4 helper T-lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These fractions consisted of either mononuclear cells (MO-MDSCs), resembling inflammatory monocytes, or low-density polymorphonuclear cells (PMN-MDSCs), akin to immature neutrophils. (ashpublications.org)
- Blood monocyte-derived DCs (B-DCs), as one group of myeloid DCs, can be generated by incubation of monocytes that are isolated from PBMCs with exogenous granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 6-7 days [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In both cell sources, greater than 80% of the cells are lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes. (ebat2018.org)
- CD11c is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, some granulocytes and less so in a subset of lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
- Mutations in the gene encoding CSF1R have been associated with a predisposition to myeloid malignancy.Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. (thermofisher.com)
- primarily produced by monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and by T cells, B cells, keratinocytes and mesangial cells. (imreference.com)
- In response to inflammatory stimulation, circulating monocytes gives rise of macrophage, dendritic cells and osteoclast. (imreference.com)
- M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. (meddic.jp)
- [3] M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity. (meddic.jp)
Neutrophils10
- The granulocyte network includes 3 main components: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. (medscape.com)
- The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- most of the neutrophils in the body are contained in the bone marrow, either as mitotically active (one third) or postmitotic mature cells (two thirds). (medscape.com)
- A common reference range for the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), which is calculated on the basis of the percentage of neutrophils in the white blood cell count (see the Absolute Neutrophil Count calculator) is 2500-8000/µL. (medscape.com)
- granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) are involved in overcoming infection, parasites and tumors. (justia.com)
- Studies have further confirmed the presence of mast cells, T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils in the heart. (biomedcentral.com)
- Expression of high levels of immune cells including neutrophils has been associated with detrimental outcome in several solid tumors and new strategies to decrease their presence and activity are currently under clinical development. (biomedcentral.com)
- Examples for such strategies include inhibition of CXCR1 and CXCR2 to decrease migration of neutrophils to tumoral areas or the inhibition of granulocyte colony stimulating factor to decrease the amount of neutrophils which has shown efficacy in preclinical models. (biomedcentral.com)
- Neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) account for 50-70% of all leukocytes and depend on a sequential process of maturation in the bone marrow that provokes the conversion of myeloblasts to segmented neutrophils [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mice with a conditional deletion of FURIN in their myeloid cells (LysMCre- fur (fl/fl) ) were healthy and showed unchanged proportions of neutrophils and macrophages. (oncotarget.com)
Differentiation13
- They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and hematopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The name "interleukin" was chosen in 1979, to replace the various different names used by different research groups to designate interleukin 1 (lymphocyte activating factor, mitogenic protein, T-cell replacing factor III, B-cell activating factor, B-cell differentiation factor, and "Heidikine") and interleukin 2 (TSF, etc. (wikipedia.org)
- T lymphocytes regulate the growth and differentiation of T cells and certain B cells through the release of secreted protein factors. (wikipedia.org)
- We show that NAD + regulates CD4 + T-cell differentiation through tryptophan hydroxylase-1 ( Tph1 ), independently of well-established transcription factors. (nature.com)
- Our findings unravel a new pathway orchestrating CD4 + T-cell differentiation and demonstrate that NAD + may serve as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune and other diseases. (nature.com)
- Although differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells has been considered to be an irreversible process, accumulating evidence suggests that T cells are much more flexible than initially believed with the ability to interchange between helper phenotypes 15 . (nature.com)
- Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
- This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
- In myocarditis, T cell differentiation can crucially contribute to aggravating or alleviating such conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
- function of proliferative responses provoked in the induction cell products favor immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, phase of contact allergy, the murine local lymph node assay serving as growth and differentiation factors for mast cells and (LLNA), has been accepted as a stand-alone method for skin eosinophils, the cellular effectors of the clinical manifestations of sensitization testing (NIH, 1999). (cdc.gov)
- CSF-1 signaling through CSF-1R regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
- In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NBTs originate from a block in the process of normal differentiation of these precursor cells. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
- As immune cells typically undergo differentiation from precursor or naïve cells to mature cells, it is possible to observe the cell differentiation process by using iPS cell-derived immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocytes8
- Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
- The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
- The peripheral airways are constantly in contact with broncho-alveolar cells (BACs), which are mainly composed of alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes (also found in a compartment of the respiratory tract epithelium). (breathinglabs.com)
- CD11c is expressed by dendritic cells, a subset of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IEL) and some activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)
- Another reason is that protocols for differentiating some lymphocytes associated with autoimmunity, such as CD4 + T cells or B cells, from iPS cells have not been well established. (biomedcentral.com)
- Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
- The lymphocyte pool is regional, being the antibody mediated immune system of the Bursa of Fabricius (B-lymphocytes, as opposed to the thymic derived T-cells) that form the largest immune organ extending the length of the intestines and the stomach. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- Lymphocytes are the predominant cells of the immune system, but macrophages and plasma cells are present also. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Eosinophils7
- Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)
- Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
- Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
- Eosinophil granulocytes , usually called eosinophils (or, less commonly, acidophils ), are white blood cells of the immune system that are responsible for combating infection and parasites in vertebrates . (wikidoc.org)
- Eosinophils make up about 1-6% of white blood cells, and are about 12-17 micrometers in size. (wikidoc.org)
- Eosinophils are considered the main effector cells in allergic responses and asthma pathogenesis and are associated with disease severity. (wikidoc.org)
- Following activation by an immune stimulus, eosinophils degranulate to release an array of cytotoxic granule cationic proteins that are capable of inducing tissue damage and dysfunction. (wikidoc.org)
Inflammation11
- Granulocytes are mobile phagocytes that travel to areas of inflammation to engulf and destroy invading microorganisms. (medscape.com)
- Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
- Such treatment was associated with upregulation of invasion- and inflammation-promoting soluble factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), its activator MMP14, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the latter two being linked to the recruitment of the monocytic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- The inflammatory arthritides, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), comprise autoimmune disorders characterised by chronic joint inflammation, immune cell infiltration to the synovium, fibroblast-like synoviocyte expansion and destruction of cartilage and bone. (biomedcentral.com)
- A major challenge in therapeutics now is to develop strategies that re-establish immune tolerance such that amelioration of inflammation is accompanied by long-term disease suppression. (biomedcentral.com)
- It functions as mediators of immune responses to infection or other stimuli of inflammation. (educationdetailsonline.com)
- Inflammation and tissue infiltration by various immune cells, which can penetrate into the spinal cord tissue through damage to the blood-brain barrier, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of secondary damage. (frontiersin.org)
- In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a cardinal role in protecting against autoimmune diseases, inflammation and tissue damage 13 through secretion of IL-10 (ref. 14 ) and other mechanisms. (nature.com)
- Notably, the innate and adaptive immune responses under physiological conditions are typically regulated with high sensitivity to avoid the exacerbation of inflammation, but any dysregulation can probably be associated with CVDs. (biomedcentral.com)
- This free radical acts as a cytotoxic agent against exogenous microorganisms, by stimulating macrophage-induced inflammation and death of infected cells. (pdffox.com)
- On the other hand, it favors exaggerated tissue injury in sepsis, hypersensitivity or autoimmunity, by promoting inflammation or cytotoxicity of innocent bystander cells.1 In the skin, NO is produced by iNOS in several cells, namely in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, Langerhans cells and other dendritic cells. (pdffox.com)
Macrophage11
- It is genetically engineered to release granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a substance that activates the immune system. (smallcapvoice.com)
- Secondary structure analysis has suggested similarity to IL4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF). (wikipedia.org)
- It has become clear that hypoxia shapes and induces specific macrophage phenotypes that serve tumor malignancy, as hypoxia promotes immune evasion, angiogenesis, tumor cell survival, and metastatic dissemination. (nutriforce.cn)
- Interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating aspect (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are the most important. (educationdetailsonline.com)
- Abstract The effect of long-term administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on dendritic cell (DC) activation and survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) was studied. (coek.info)
- We applied four, five or six cycles of moderately high doses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide supported by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). (coek.info)
- Maturation depends on different stimulating factors including the granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), two of the most relevant growth factors that control such maturation process. (biomedcentral.com)
- The colony stimulating factor 1 ( CSF1 ), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF ), is a secreted cytokine which influences hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. (meddic.jp)
- [4] The role of M-CSF is not only restricted to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. (meddic.jp)
- They differentiate from myeloid precursor cells in response to the cytokins interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 5 (IL-5), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). (wikidoc.org)
- In this work, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on NO production induced by the epidermal cytokine granulocyte / macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a mouse fetal skin dendritic cell line.Methods: NO production was assessed by the method of Griess. (pdffox.com)
Interleukin8
- Interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta (IL1 alpha and IL1 beta) are cytokines that participate in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Molecular cloning of the Interleukin 1 Beta converting enzyme is generated by the proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- Recombinant expression enables cells to process precursor Interleukin 1 Beta to the mature form of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
- Interleukin 1 also plays a role in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- However, when mice with this genetic deletion have wild-type neural precursor cells injected into their hippocampus and these cells are allowed to mature into astrocytes containing the interleukin-1 receptors, the mice exhibit normal hippocampal-dependent memory function, and partial restoration of long-term potentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- These factors, which include interleukin 2 (IL2), are secreted by lectin- or antigen-stimulated T cells, and have various physiological effects. (wikipedia.org)
- MS is an inflammatory-mediated demyelinating disease that has been associated with production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, two cytokines that are produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively 12 . (nature.com)
- This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. (nih.gov)
Differentiate3
- This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Lymphoid lineage DCs primarily differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs and occupy approximately 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans [ 2 ], but the cell population percentage is unclear in horses. (biomedcentral.com)
- Under normal conditions, neural crest cells delaminate and migrate from the dorsal neural tube, and those neuroblastic precursor cells differentiate upon reaching their final embryonic location into tissues and organs that will constitute the sympathetic nervous system. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
Antigens8
- Antigens are foreign substances that evoke an immune response. (medscape.com)
- The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
- Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
- Cellular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
- Researchers have shown immune complexes coating granulocytes, diminished granulocyte growth factor levels, and numerous circulating autoantibodies, including those against granulocyte surface antigens. (medscape.com)
- They act as a surveillance system to detect foreign antigens and shape immunogenic or tolerogenic responses [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The second mechanism entails the generation of tumourspecific immunity through the release of tumour-specific antigens from the primary tumour and the subsequent priming of specific T cells in the preserved TDLN. (coek.info)
- Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
Progenitor13
- Vasculogenesis is the coalescence of new blood vessels from individual endothelial cells or progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
- These cells were therefore described as bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). (hindawi.com)
- Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are adult stem cells, located in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. (intechopen.com)
- Different phenotypes and subtypes of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), such as early and late EPCs, have been described according to their functionality. (intechopen.com)
- All of those cells develop from a typical progenitor cellular, or stem cell, population, which resides within the bone marrow. (educationdetailsonline.com)
- Neupogen is indicated for the mobilisation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs). (medicines.org.uk)
- The mobilisation and apheresis procedures should be performed in collaboration with an oncology-haematology centre with acceptable experience in this field and where the monitoring of haematopoietic progenitor cells can be correctly performed. (medicines.org.uk)
- Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
- The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
- The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
- When stimulated to divide, they give rise to more committed, differentiated daughter cells with less proliferative potential, called "early progenitor" cells. (justia.com)
- Current treatments to manage the problems that result from prolonged bone marrow suppression include the reinfusion of a patient's own previously harvested hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (justia.com)
- In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
Tumor30
- The presentation demonstrated that Bria-IMT™, delivered as a monotherapy regimen along with other immune system modulators, generated immune responses, and tumor reduction in some patients. (smallcapvoice.com)
- We believe that Bria-IMT™ helps the body to recognize and kill tumor cells by activating T cells that attack the tumor and B cells that produce anti-tumor antibodies. (smallcapvoice.com)
- Via direct actions on cancer cells and indirect actions on the tumor microenvironment, radiation has the potential to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Malignant tumors consist of cancer cells and tumor-associated host cells, both participating in invasion and distant metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Metastatic cancer cells are released from the primary tumor or from other metastases, at an undefined moment of its development, to arrive in the circulation and home at distant sites, where the ecosystem permits them to survive and either remain dormant as micro-metastases or grow to form macro-metastases (Mareel et al. (biomedcentral.com)
- There is good evidence that cancer cells disseminate from the primary site early during tumor development (Hosseini et al. (biomedcentral.com)
- Such cells are described as disseminated tumor cells (DTC) (Sosa et al. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2014 ) or sometimes as circulating tumor cells (CTC) (Kim et al. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hypoxia stimulates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent expression of CXCL12 and KITL promoting mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment to primary tumor and metastatic sites of CXCR4 + CD11b + bone marrow-derived cells and KITbCD11b + cells assisting vasculogenesis and metastasis respectively (Kuonen et al. (biomedcentral.com)
- Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
- Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
- In this review, we discuss the role of myeloid cells in promoting tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
- Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
- Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The microenvironment of a developing tumor is composed of proliferating cancer cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and a variety of associated tissue cells. (nutriforce.cn)
- The crosstalk between stromal cells and malignant cells within this environment crucially determines the fate of tumor progression, its hostility, and heterogeneity. (nutriforce.cn)
- Moreover, cancer cells found within hypoxic regions are presumed to represent the most aggressive and therapy-resistant fractions of the tumor. (nutriforce.cn)
- Accumulating data also suggest that hypoxic stress in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor escape mechanisms through the emergence of immune-resistant tumor variants and immune suppression. (nutriforce.cn)
- There is increasing evidence that T cells are able to control tumor growth and survival in cancer patients, both in early and late stages of the disease. (aacrjournals.org)
- However, tumor-specific T-cell responses are difficult to mount and sustain in cancer patients, and are limited by numerous immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells selected during immunoediting. (aacrjournals.org)
- Likewise, bispecific antibodies for engagement of other cytotoxic immune cells were constructed, for instance, targeting Fcγ RI/CD64 on macrophages and Her2/neu or EGFR on tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- 5 Functionally, proinflammatory polarization leads to potent effector cells that kill intracellular micro-organisms and tumor cells. (haematologica.org)
- Classically, therapies have been designed against molecular alterations that drive the transformation of normal cells into tumor ones [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
- However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
- Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)
- These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
- According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)
Antibodies8
- 3] Antibodies against granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were measured. (medscape.com)
- An alternative approach to engage T cells for cancer therapy are antibodies, which are bispecific for a surface target antigen on cancer cells, and for CD3 on T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- Here, we review the principle of a new class of bispecific antibodies called BiTE (for "bispecific T-cell engager") antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
- The concept of using such bispecific antibodies to engage cytotoxic T cells for cancer cell lysis was shown by Staerz and colleagues ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Pioneering work by Kufer and colleagues ( 6 ) showed that CD3/target antigen-bispecific antibodies of this particular design had an exceptionally high potency, and could likewise engage CD8 + and CD4 + T cells for redirected lysis of cancer cells at very low effector to target (E:T) ratios. (aacrjournals.org)
- By using just one CD3-specific binding arm, such bispecific antibodies can monovalently bind to all T cells, but do so only with rather low affinity ( 7 ), which will not trigger T-cell signaling by CD3, unless the BiTE antibody is presented to the T cell in a multivalent fashion by a target cell ( 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The multifunctional activity of the humoral immune response remained for at least 6 months after vaccination and was comparable to that of naturally acquired anti-MSP1 antibodies from semi-immune adults from Kenya. (nature.com)
- The end result of the immune reaction is the production of specific antibodies and antigen-reactive cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Cytokines9
- Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Some interleukins are classified as lymphokines, lymphocyte-produced cytokines that mediate immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, it has been shown that early EPCs release cytokines that promote tissue regeneration and neovasculogenesis, whereas late EPC and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) contribute to the formation of blood vessels and stimulate tube formation. (intechopen.com)
- Granulocyte manufacturing (myelopoiesis) could affect by numerous cytokines at different stages of improvement. (educationdetailsonline.com)
- These cells act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), secreting several cytokines and chemokines to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. (breathinglabs.com)
- Unlike ILCs, NK cells constantly recirculate and may contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases since they have been associated with COPD and asthma by producing inflammatory cytokines. (breathinglabs.com)
- Apigenin served as a potent therapy against UC in C57BL/6 mice through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines,and COX-2, and through the reduction in immune cell infiltration in colon tissues [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- O'Shea, John J. 1998-04-01 00:00:00 ▪ Abstract Cytokines and interferons are molecules that play central roles in the regulation of a wide array of cellular functions in the lympho-hematopoietic system. (sagepub.com)
- Endothelial and epithelial cells, and resident macrophages are potent producers of inflammatory cytokines, interleukins, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, which are distinguished from another set that is treated in this study. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Immunity6
- Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
- Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise heterogeneous subsets of professional antigen-presenting cells, linking innate and adaptive immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, solid tumors seem to build up a hostile hypoxic microenvironment that hampers cell-mediated immunity and dampen the efficacy of the immune response. (nutriforce.cn)
- Although tissue-resident memory T cells are key components of lung immunity, tissue-resident innate immune cells also play a significant role in pulmonary diseases such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, asthma, and inflammatory disorders. (breathinglabs.com)
- Recent studies have shown that a complex network of non-recirculating immune cells residing within lung tissue is responsible for maintaining a balance between immunity and tolerance. (breathinglabs.com)
- The importance of immunity can't be understated, it involves a large portion of immune system and primitive Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that trigger signaling pathways. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Hematopoietic cells2
- Leukocytic, hematopoietic cells are important in maintaining the body's defense against disease. (justia.com)
- Particularly, non-hematopoietic cells, such as fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, differentiated from autoimmune patient-derived iPS cells have shown promising results for further research into the pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Responses8
- These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. (mdpi.com)
- Hypoxic cells activate a number of adaptive responses coordinated by various cellular pathways. (nutriforce.cn)
- Interestingly, both MO-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs suppressed antigen-specific T-cell responses, albeit using distinct effector molecules and signaling pathways. (ashpublications.org)
- Many types of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are associated with complex immune responses that can significantly contribute to their progression and remission. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, immune cells are typically expected to play a vital role in regulating the immune system responses in the heart. (biomedcentral.com)
- 1 CAR T-cell therapy pivotal trials demonstrated unprecedented overall response rates (ORRs) and complete responses (CRs) that led to the FDA approval of 5 CAR T-cell products: tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), and idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel). (ajmc.com)
- T cell responses developed or increased in 20%/60%/100% of pts in Arms A/B/C. Seven of the 19 patients remain alive at a minimum 32 months from trial initiation, including three with unresectable disease. (bmj.com)
- Conclusions The T cell response in this randomized phase I trial was dose-dependent with the 1 mg CEA peptide dose eliciting the most robust T cell responses. (bmj.com)
Cellular10
- Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)
- In addition, a local RAS is expressed in many tissues and mainly acts at the cellular level, where it mediates cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism. (nutriforce.cn)
- White bloodstream cellular precursors usually outnumber red blood cell precursors by ratio of 3:1 within the bone marrow. (educationdetailsonline.com)
- AM are considered anti-inflammatory cells with an important role in phagocytosis of particulate matter, dying cells, and cellular debris, maintaining immune homeostasis through the production of TGF-β and subsequent induction of FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Treg). (breathinglabs.com)
- Here, we show that the vaccine, termed SumayaVac-1 , elicited both a humoral and cellular immune response as well as a recall T cell memory. (nature.com)
- We further present evidence of SumayaVac-1 eliciting a recallable cellular cytotoxicity by IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells. (nature.com)
- The process for administering CAR T-cell therapy is complex, with multiple steps including CAR T-cell manufacturing, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, cellular therapy infusion, and management of short-term and long-term toxicities. (ajmc.com)
- 2,3 Cellular therapy centers, manufacturers, payers, and policy makers will need to work together to address barriers to care as new CAR T-cell products with improved efficacy and tolerability are approved for use in more diverse malignancies. (ajmc.com)
- In particular, patient-derived iPS cells retain the same genetic background as these patients, allowing for recurrent analysis of genetic effects on cellular functions. (biomedcentral.com)
- The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Vitro2
- Subsequent studies described a VEGFR2 and AC133 expressing subpopulation of these CD34 positive circulating cells that could form endothelial colonies in vitro [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In these cells, apoptosis could be efficiently induced in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Stem22
- These cells form ecosystems at the primary and at the metastatic site, mutually communicating with one another and with stem cell-generating organs such as the bone marrow. (biomedcentral.com)
- 13 ] isolated mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood that were enriched for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This chapter introduces the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived primitive macrophages, which can be further matured towards an AM-like phenotype upon intra-pulmonary transfer into mice. (bvsalud.org)
- Drug-inducible suicide systems may help to minimize risks of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) therapies. (bvsalud.org)
- Our studies, using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (iMφs), demonstrate efficient antimicrobial potential against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant clinical isolates of S aureus. (bvsalud.org)
- The transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- There is a signal crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, which may be regulated to produce synergistic effect on the preconditioning of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. (justia.com)
- In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)
- Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
- True stem cells are both pluripotent-that is they can give rise to all cell types-and capable of self-renewal. (justia.com)
- Stem cells represent a very small percentage of bone marrow cells, and are normally quiescent. (justia.com)
- Other cell types derived from hematopoietic stem cells include platelets and erythrocytes. (justia.com)
- The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)
- The success of treatment crucially depends on the mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells, the subsequent return of which permits the patient to achieve reconstitution of a functioning hematopoietic system. (justia.com)
- In many cases, successfully mobilization is not effected in the patient and inadequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are harvested from these patients using current methods. (justia.com)
- Results HPDSCs Are Rich in Both Hematopoietic and Nonhematopoietic Stem Cells The overall cell types as determined by flow cytometry analysis are comparable between HPDSCs and UCB. (ebat2018.org)
- Among the remaining cells, several different cell types are recognized, including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), megakaryocytic precursors, and endothelial progenitors. (ebat2018.org)
- Hematopoiesis is the development of immune and other blood cells from a small population of stem cells known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). (brainimmune.com)
- HSCs are pluripotent, self-renewing stem cells of the marrow cavity. (brainimmune.com)
- Basic research utilizing immune-related disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is expected to be a promising platform for elucidating the pathogenesis of the diseases and for drug discovery. (biomedcentral.com)
- Investigating human immune-related diseases using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells presents a novel and promising field of study. (biomedcentral.com)
Phagocytes1
- What is mononulear phagocytes system? (imreference.com)
Proteolytic cleavage1
- The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors. (meddic.jp)
Proliferation3
- IL2 is a lymphokine that induces the proliferation of responsive T cells. (wikipedia.org)
- It is now known that new blood vessels originate from preexisting vessels by activation, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through a process named "angiogenesis" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Tyrosine 343 in the erythropoietin receptor positively regulates erythropoietin‐induced cell proliferation and Stat5 activation. (sagepub.com)
Therapeutic7
- Specific manipulation of the immune system for therapeutic purposes is now possible. (medscape.com)
- Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
- The chapter provides an alternative approach to derive human AM-like cells, which can be used to study human AM biology and to investigate novel therapeutic interventions using primitive macrophages from iPSC. (bvsalud.org)
- Provided herein are methods and compositions useful for the replenishment of blood cells in a mammal after exposure to therapeutic radiation or drugs. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- In one embodiment, granulocytes can be regenerated after therapeutic radiation by the administration of a substance P analog. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- The precise pathogenesis of immune-related diseases remains unclear, and new effective therapeutic choices are required for the induction of remission or cure in these diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, iPS cell-based studies have proposed new diagnostic biomarkers and contributed to the discovery of new therapeutic targets [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cell2
- Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. (medsci.org)
- We focus on the essential functions of dendritic cell in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
Cytotoxic2
- These are capable of connecting any kind of cytotoxic T cell to a cancer cell, independently of T-cell receptor specificity, costimulation, or peptide antigen presentation. (aacrjournals.org)
- An example is ipilimumab, whic upregulates cytotoxic T-cells to destroy cancer cells, but it has runaway destructive effects on the GI tract. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Body's2
- Immunotherapy has come to the forefront in the fight against cancer, harnessing the body's own immune system in recognizing and selectively destroying cancer cells while sparing normal ones. (smallcapvoice.com)
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is designed to enhance the body's immune system to effectively kill malignant cells. (ajmc.com)
Regulates3
- Here, we review evidence that hypoxia regulates cell plasticity, resistance to cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and immune suppression. (nutriforce.cn)
- This peptide is produce through the kidneys and regulates red-color bloodstream cell production by a feedback system. (educationdetailsonline.com)
- FURIN is upregulated in activated immune cells and it regulates T-cell dependent peripheral tolerance and the Th1/Th2 balance. (oncotarget.com)
Immunotherapy2
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an example of how immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies with unprecedented response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ajmc.com)
- Innovations in immunotherapy have led to the development of multiple immune-targeted therapies to manage malignancy. (ajmc.com)
Colony2
- Filgrastim (recombinant methionyl human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) is produced by r-DNA technology in E. coli (K12). (medicines.org.uk)
- Colony Forming Cell (CFU) Assay CD34+ cells were selected from HPDSCs with a human CD34 positive selection kit and isolated using automated cell separator RoboSep (StemCell Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, Canada). (ebat2018.org)
Tissue11
- These tissue are part from the immune program as nicely (eg, ingesting foreign bacteria) and can reside in skin and other tissues, not just blood. (educationdetailsonline.com)
- CD4 + T cells are involved in the development of autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, by inducing immune homeostasis through CD4 + IFNγ + IL-10 + T cells and reverses disease progression by restoring tissue integrity via remyelination and neuroregeneration. (nature.com)
- Studies have shown that Th1 IFN-γ-producing cells that co-produce IL-10 have immunosuppressive properties and can protect from tissue damage 21 , 22 . (nature.com)
- The tissue-resident immune cells in the lungs act as the first line of defense against pulmonary infections. (breathinglabs.com)
- The bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is another compartment of the respiratory lymphoid cells (RLCs), and it comprehends organized lymphoid tissues present inside the bronchial walls. (breathinglabs.com)
- Given the important role in the host defense machinery and lung tissue homeostasis, AMs have been linked to a variety of diseases and thus represent a promising target cell type for novel therapies. (bvsalud.org)
- Macrophages are versatile cells that can be polarized by the tissue environment to fulfill required needs. (haematologica.org)
- 1 Some tissue macrophages and precursors are already established embryonically in the yolk sac and fetal liver before the onset of definitive hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
- 6 In addition, these cells are present during early wound healing and proinflammatory macrophages are characterized by a pronounced ability to degrade tissue. (haematologica.org)
- GNB show well-defined microscopic foci of differentiating neuroblastic cells distributed in a ganglio-neuromatous tissue background. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
- Two-thirds of neuroblastoma tumours have distant metastases in the bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver or subcutaneous tissue upon diagnosis, whereas lung or central nervous system metastasis are extremely rare. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
Clinical5
- The results of two previous proof-of-concept clinical trials (one with the precursor cell line not genetically engineered to produce GM-CSF and one with Bria-IMT™) produced encouraging results in patients with advanced breast cancer. (smallcapvoice.com)
- Efforts to develop a blood stage vaccine have been sobering, in spite of encouraging immune-epidemiological studies showing that residents from malaria endemic areas are able to attain, with time and after repeated exposure to P. falciparum infections, a strain-transcending antigenic memory that protects against clinical disease 11 . (nature.com)
- Managed care professionals should have an understanding of the clinical trial data and place in therapy in lymphoma, myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as guideline recommendations for adverse effect management associated with CAR T-cell therapies. (ajmc.com)
- Within the bone marrow, the tachykinins have been shown to have critical effects on the microenvironment, including metastasis and dormancy of cancer cells during clinical remission. (brainimmune.com)
- Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)
Dysfunction1
- However, viruses including alphaherpesvirinae have developed strategies to interfere with the function or maturation of DCs, causing immune dysfunction and avoidance of pathogen elimination. (biomedcentral.com)
Infiltration1
- This study reported that Nam reduced CD4 + T cell infiltration and demyelination 24 , but failed to identify the protective mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
Inflammatory3
- In addition, inflammatory processes lead to a systemic reaction and trigger an immune response that can potentially cause an autoimmune reaction similar to that of multiple sclerosis and central nervous system lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. (frontiersin.org)
- Over 500 products have been investigated for neuroprotective effects including those from the categories of free radical scavengers, anti-excitotoxic agents, apoptosis (programmed cell death) inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, neurotrophic factors, metal ion chelators, ion channel modulators, and gene therapy. (researchandmarkets.com)
- In particular, iPS cell-derived monocytic cells and macrophages can be used for functional experiments, such as inflammatory cytokine production, and are often employed in research on patients with autoinflammatory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Subset3
- Furthermore, we describe a subset of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity (known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells). (hindawi.com)
- Each distinct CD4 + T-cell subset has a specific function and can mainly be distinguished by its cytokine profile, the expression pattern of cell surface molecules, and the activation of specific transcription factors 8 . (nature.com)
- Alveolar macrophages are considered the prototypic lung-resident immune subset. (breathinglabs.com)
Cytokine6
- Moreover, Th1 IFN-γ-producing cells have been shown to have the capacity to produce the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, initially considered a Th2 cytokine 20 . (nature.com)
- CAR T-cell therapies are limited by the potential to cause life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). (ajmc.com)
- This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. (nih.gov)
- This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. (nih.gov)
- Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. (nih.gov)
- First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)
CD11c2
- Recruitment of CD11b + CD11c + myelomonocytic cells to the metastatic site was also found after whole thorax irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy of mice that significantly enhanced seeding and metastatic growth of intravenously injected cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- N418 binds to CD11c on splenic dendritic cells in the T-dependent areas of mouse spleen and precipitates a 150, 90 kDa heterodimer. (thermofisher.com)
Innate and adaptive1
- They also serve as immune organs, fostering both innate and adaptive immune cells. (breathinglabs.com)
Mechanisms2
- Thus, a search for modern methods to control degenerative processes in the central nervous system, based on the understanding of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders, and designed for a targeted delivery of immunomodulatory factors that are potentially capable of stimulating neuroregeneration is of immediate interest. (frontiersin.org)
- This report describes the role of neuroprotection in acute disorders such as stroke and injuries of the nervous system as well as in chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders because many of the underlying mechanisms of damage to neural tissues are similar in all these conditions and several products are used in more than one disorder. (researchandmarkets.com)
Mononuclear cells1
- Finally, mononuclear cells isolated from lung (L-MCs), which are used as precursors for L-DCs, expressed more antigen-presenting cell-associated markers such as MHC class II and CD172α compared to their counterparts from blood. (biomedcentral.com)
Myeloid Cells1
- Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
Antigen presentation2
- For immune defense, the respiratory tract contains DCs that function as a robust antigen presentation system. (biomedcentral.com)
- [11] They have also recently been implicated in antigen presentation to T cells . (wikidoc.org)
Autoimmunity2
- [ 3 ] Major causes of acquired neutropenia are infection, drugs (through direct toxicity or immune effects), and autoimmunity. (medscape.com)
- More recently, the role of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model for human MS, has been challenged, and it has been demonstrated that the transcription factor T-bet (also known as Tbx21 ) is critical for controlling Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmunity 12 . (nature.com)
Phenotypes4
- Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have multiple subpopulations with different phenotypes and immune functions. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since autoinflammatory diseases are usually monogenic, genetic mutations affect the cell function and patient-derived iPS cells tend to exhibit disease-specific phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
- One reason for this is that autoimmune diseases are usually polygenic, which makes it challenging to determine which factors cause the phenotypes of patient-derived iPS cells are caused by. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additionally, these cells show highly flexible and dynamic plasticity and are extremely easily polarized into regulatory phenotypes. (explorationpub.com)
Subsequent1
- Although the pathophysiology of FS is not fully understood, evidence points to splenic sequestration and subsequent granulocyte destruction. (medscape.com)
Cytotoxicity1
- NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)
Receptors3
- Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
- Two types of IL-1 receptor, each with three extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, limited sequence similarity (28%) and different pharmacological characteristics have been cloned from mouse and human cell lines: these have been termed type I and type II receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- The so called B-cells have receptors that recognize foreign antigen, but the T-cells have similar receptors and are tied to both the innate and the adaptive immune response. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Infection5
- The immune system could play a crucial role in virus infection. (medsci.org)
- The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
- Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the lung play a role in immunosurveillance and infection control. (breathinglabs.com)
- These therapies decrease a patient's white blood cell counts, suppress bone marrow hematopoietic activity, and increase the patient's risk of infection and/or hemorrhage. (justia.com)
- Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. (meddic.jp)
Inhibitory1
- Further evaluation of 1 mg CEA peptide with stronger adjuvants, and/or combined with agents to overcome immune inhibitory pathways, may be warranted in PC pts. (bmj.com)
Survival3
- Mammalian cells require oxygen and nutrients for their survival and are therefore located within 100 to 200 m of blood vessels, the diffusion limit of oxygen. (hindawi.com)
- ii) TAMs release survival factors for cancer cells, which protect them from chemotherapeutics. (nutriforce.cn)
- They can also be used for increasing white blood cell survival and for chemotherapy. (justia.com)
Adaptive immune r1
- CD4 + T helper (Th) cells play a central role in regulating the adaptive immune response associated with pathogen invasion. (nature.com)
Receptor4
- In addition, it acts on some B cells, via receptor-specific binding, as a growth factor and antibody production stimulant. (wikipedia.org)
- The B-cell receptor consists of an Ig molecule anchored to the cell's surface. (msdmanuals.com)
- Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
- γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
Homeostasis1
- The circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is mainly known for its pivotal role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and fluid and electrolyte balance. (nutriforce.cn)
Tumors2
- The induction of CD11b + Gr-1 + myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is an important immune-evading mechanism used by tumors. (ashpublications.org)
- Recently, drugs that boost the host immune system, like those targeting immunologic checkpoints, have shown promising activity in different solid tumors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)