However, many GTPases also use accessory proteins named GTPase-activating proteins or GAPs to accelerate their GTPase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Some GTPases have little to no intrinsic GTPase activity, and are entirely dependent on GAP proteins for deactivation (such as the ADP-ribosylation factor or ARF family of small GTP-binding proteins that are involved in vesicle-mediated transport within cells). (wikipedia.org)
Since mechanisms to convert bound GDP directly into GTP are unknown, the inactive GTPases are induced to release bound GDP by the action of distinct regulatory proteins called guanine nucleotide exchange factors or GEFs. (wikipedia.org)
It is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. (novusbio.com)
The ß-barrel has a gap between strands ß8 and ß10, which deviates from ß-sandwich fatty acid-binding proteins that carry endocannabinoid compounds and the Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor predicted by computational threading algorithms. (bvsalud.org)
Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) are agents that mimic the essential posttranslational modifications of G-proteins. (oncotarget.com)
Small G-proteins, monomeric GTPases, or the RAS (Rat sarcoma) superfamily are a large family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 30 kDa [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Mutations of the NF1 gene potentially results in the activation of multiple Ras proteins, which are key regulators of many biologic effects. (biomedcentral.com)
GTPase6
The nucleotide-free GTPase protein quickly rebinds GTP, which is in far excess in healthy cells over GDP, allowing the GTPase to enter the active conformation state and promote its effects on the cell. (wikipedia.org)
For many GTPases, activation of GEFs is the primary control mechanism in the stimulation of the GTPase signaling functions, although GAPs also play an important role. (wikipedia.org)
The amount of active GTPase can be changed in several ways: Acceleration of GDP dissociation by GEFs speeds up the accumulation of active GTPase. (wikipedia.org)
Acceleration of GTP hydrolysis by GAPs reduces the amount of active GTPase. (wikipedia.org)
ARHGAP21 interacts with RhoA-GTP, and acts as a GAP to increase RhoA GTPase activity. (uth.edu)
Heterotrimeric1
The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
Protein5
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is associated with mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45. (bvsalud.org)
The protein and mRNA expression levels of WDR45 gene were decreased in the patient-derived fibroblasts. (bvsalud.org)
Variants in MYBPC3, the gene encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), are the leading cause of HCM. (bvsalud.org)
Cells were transfected with doxycycline-inducible vectors expressing either a pan-inhibitor of the R-Ras subfamily [dominant negative (DN) R-Ras] or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (biomedcentral.com)
The isolated PDZ domain (amino acids 206-334) is capable of folding into a well-behaved structure and binds to a nonpolar peptide with a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 1.9 microM, similar to that of the intact Tsp protein. (embl.de)
In most GTPases, the specificity for the base guanine versus other nucleotides is imparted by the base-recognition motif, which has the consensus sequence [N/T]KXD. (wikipedia.org)
Versus1
Genes down-regulated in CD4 [GeneID=920] T helper cells (20h): Th0 versus TGFB1 and IL6 [GeneID=7040;3569]. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Systematic1
Systematic search in PubMed for genes co-occurring with SCZ keywords. (uth.edu)
Exchange factor1
In this study, we show that the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 (T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis) controls the cell polarity of epidermal keratinocytes. (rupress.org)
Interacts1
Peptide binding of the ligand takes place in an elongated surface groove as an anti-parallel beta-strand interacts with the beta-B strand and the B helix. (embl.de)
Strands2
PDZ domains consist of 80 to 90 amino acids comprising six beta-strands (beta-A to beta-F) and two alpha-helices, A and B, compactly arranged in a globular structure. (embl.de)
The structure of PDZ domains allows binding to a free carboxylate group at the end of a peptide through a carboxylate-binding loop between the beta-A and beta-B strands. (embl.de)
Activity1
Genome regulation encompasses all facets of gene expression, from the biochemical modifications of DNA, to the physical arrangement of chromosomes and the activity of the transcription machinery. (mechanobio.info)
Expression2
We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Regulation1
To address this gap in our understanding of PI3Kβ regulation, we established an assay to directly visualize and decipher how three binding interactions regulate PI3Kβ when presented to the kinase in a biologically relevant configuration on supported lipid bilayers. (elifesciences.org)
Increase1
The amount of increase in LC3-II upon treatment with an autophagy inducer and inhibitor was reduced in mutant cells compared to control cells, suggesting decreased autophagic flux. (bvsalud.org)
Unique1
This dataset includes 4641 differentially methylated probes corresponding to 2929 unique genes between schizophrenia patients (n=24) and controls (n=24). (uth.edu)
GEFs5
Since mechanisms to convert bound GDP directly into GTP are unknown, the inactive GTPases are induced to release bound GDP by the action of distinct regulatory proteins called guanine nucleotide exchange factors or GEFs. (wikipedia.org)
For many GTPases, activation of GEFs is the primary control mechanism in the stimulation of the GTPase signaling functions, although GAPs also play an important role. (wikipedia.org)
The amount of active GTPase can be changed in several ways: Acceleration of GDP dissociation by GEFs speeds up the accumulation of active GTPase. (wikipedia.org)
Guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate Cdc42 by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP, whereas GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) enhance its intrinsic GTPase activity, facilitating the conversion of Cdc42 to its inactive form. (microbialcell.com)
The RHO family of small GTPases consists of at least 20 members which includes RHO, RAC, CDC42 and RND [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a central regulator of cell polarity in diverse cell types. (microbialcell.com)
The highly conserved Rho GTPase Cdc42 regulates polarity development across the eukaryotic kingdom. (microbialcell.com)
Like other Rho GTPases, Cdc42 cycles between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. (microbialcell.com)
Regulates1
Most surprisingly, a receptor-independent Galpha nucleotide cycle that regulates cell division has been delineated in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. (nih.gov)
Hydrolysis1
The arginine finger of RasGAP helps Gln-61 align the nucleophilic water in GAP-stimulated hydrolysis of GTP. (embl.de)
Amino acids1
PDZ domains consist of 80 to 90 amino acids comprising six beta-strands (beta-A to beta-F) and two alpha-helices, A and B, compactly arranged in a globular structure. (embl.de)
Distinct1
Using this approach, we comprehensively map gene expression in functionally distinct stromal microenvironments, and identify clusters of genes that define each region. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Regulatory1
The most dramatic property of these mutants is their insensitivity to the negative regulatory action of GAPs. (embl.de)
Inflammatory conditions promote the disassembly of the adherens junction and a loss of intercellular adhesion, creating openings or gaps in the endothelium through which small molecules diffuse and leukocytes transmigrate. (hindawi.com)
Human1
Three alternatively spliced variants of mTid-1 were isolated, two of which correspond to the recently identified hTid-1(L) and hTid-1(S) forms of the human TID1 gene that exhibit opposing effects on apoptosis. (embl.de)
Cancer1
These results suggest that MC delivery via microvesicles can mediate gene transfer to an extent that enables effective prodrug conversion and tumor cell death such that it comprises a promising approach to cancer therapy. (regenerativemedicine.net)