• Parvalbumin is present in some GABAergic interneurons in the nervous system, especially the reticular thalamus, and expressed predominantly by chandelier and basket cells in the cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • PV interneurons' connections are mostly perisomatic (around the cell body of neurons). (wikipedia.org)
  • PV-expressing interneurons represent approximately 25% of GABAergic cells in the primate DLPFC. (wikipedia.org)
  • Decreased PV and GAD67 expression was found in PV+ GABAergic interneurons in schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
  • This view has changed after the demonstration that parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons also are vulnerable in humans. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we describe the developmental effects of excessive peripheral NRG1 signals on synaptic activity and AMPA receptor expression of GABAergic interneurons in postnatal rodent neocortex. (nih.gov)
  • Injected eNRG1 penetrated the blood-brain barrier and activated ErbB4 NRG1 receptors in the neocortex, in which ErbB4 mRNA is predominantly expressed by parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. (nih.gov)
  • Examination of excitatory inputs to parvalbumin-containing GABAergic interneurons revealed that eNRG1 treatment significantly increased AMPA-triggered inward currents and the amplitudes and frequencies of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). (nih.gov)
  • These results indicate that NRG1 circulating in the periphery influences postnatal development of synaptic AMPA receptor expression in cortical GABAergic interneurons and may play a role in conditions characterized by GABA-associated neuropathologic processes. (nih.gov)
  • Baker KD , 2021 , 'Does maternal separation accelerate maturation of perineuronal nets and parvalbumin-containing inhibitory interneurons in male and female rats? (edu.au)
  • Walker F, Möck M, Feyerabend M, Guy J, Wagener RJ, Schubert D, Staiger JF*, Witte M* (2016) Parvalbumin- and vasoactive polypeptide-expressing neocortical interneurons impose differential inhibition on Martinotti cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • An in situ hybridization experiment was performed to investigate how CRS affects expression levels of GluK1 in the different neuronal populations in the LA. These data show that CRS leads to downregulation of GluK1 expression in the parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons specifically. (helsinki.fi)
  • Patch clamp recordings of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents showed that CRS did not affect synaptic GABAergic transmission to the principal neurons in the LA. Lastly, conditional knock-out (cKO) mice that have the Grik1 gene knocked out selectively in the PV-expressing interneurons showed no change in anxiety-like behavior after CRS while their wild-type counterparts demonstrated an increase in anxiety-like behavior observable in the elevated plus maze test. (helsinki.fi)
  • Despite the fact that thalamic efferent inputs on parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons are bifurcated from the same set of axons, their pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms tend to be stronger than those on principal neurons [1-3]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Furthermore, the connection probability of GABAergic interneurons is remarkably higher than that of pyramidal neurons [4-7]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Presynaptic miniature gabaergic currents in developing interneurons. (sppin.fr)
  • Although ErbB4 is enriched in GABAergic interneurons, the role of NRG1 in excitatory synapse formation in these neurons remains poorly understood.Weshowed that NRG1 increased both the number and size of PSD-95 puncta and the frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) in GABAergic interneurons, indicating that NRG1 stimulates the formation of new synapses and strengthens existing synapses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In contrast, NRG1 treatment had no effect on either the number or size of excitatory synapses in glutamatergic neurons, suggesting its synaptogenic effect is specific to GABAergic interneurons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Finally, deletion of ErbB4 in parvalbumin-positive interneurons led to reduced frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs, providing in vivo evidence that ErbB4 is important in excitatory synaptogenesis in interneurons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Together, our findings suggested a novel synaptogenic role of NRG1 in excitatory synapse development, possibly via stabilizing PSD-95, and this effect is specific to GABAergic interneurons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, we show that two mice models exhibiting mTOR hyperactivation in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons had contextual fear memory deficits. (umontreal.ca)
  • PPS also increased the expression of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in the ventral dentate gyrus and increased glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 expression in the ventral hilus, in males only. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • At cellular level, the telencephalon is populated by a large diversity of neurons, including glutamatergic projection neurons, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons and projection neurons, as well as cholinergic interneurons and projection neurons. (intechopen.com)
  • Named after the characteristic protein they carry - parvalbumin, a regulatory calcium binding protein - these interneurons comprise of 40% of interneuron subpopulation. (knowingneurons.com)
  • Named after the characteristic ionotropic serotonin receptor 5HT3a these express, the 5HTaR interneurons are the third largest group of inhibitory neurons [5]. (knowingneurons.com)
  • Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions. (lookformedical.com)
  • GABAergic cortical interneurons are a diverse group of local circuit neurons. (srce.hr)
  • Kainate type glutamate receptors (KARs) are strongly expressed in GABAergic interneurons and have the capability of modulating their functions via ionotropic and G-protein coupled mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GABAergic interneurons are critical for generation of coordinated network activity in both neonatal and adult brain, yet the role of interneuronal KARs in network synchronization remains unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data indicate a critical role for GluK1 containing KARs in GABAergic interneurons in regulation of physiological network dynamics in the hippocampus at different stages of development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively this thesis provides a variety of ways to produce neurons with a special focus on GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
  • The first part of the thesis (Paper I and II) explores reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts and human glial progenitor cells into GABAergic interneurons in 2D cultures. (lu.se)
  • We provide evidence that the two cell sources can successfully convert into subtype-specific GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
  • 2003 The principal neurons in the CBL are pyramidal-like projection neurons that utilize glutamate as an excitatory neurotransmitter whereas most nonpyramidal neurons in the CBL are interneurons that utilize GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • We have demonstrated that alternatively spliced variants of mGluR8, mGluR8a and mGluR8b, have an overlapping distribution in the hippocampus, and besides perforant path terminals, they are expressed in the presynaptic active zone of boutons making synapses selectively with several types of GABAergic interneurons, primarily in the stratum oriens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The postsynaptic interneuron type-specific expression of the high-efficacy presynaptic mGluR8 in both putative glutamatergic and in identified GABAergic terminals predicts a role in adjusting the activity of interneurons depending on the level of network activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • GABAergic interneurons are a highly diverse class of cell types that play essential roles in regulating the input/output behaviour of pyramidal neurons and of other interneurons. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Mouse models of Rett syndrome and others bearing human autism risk variants show a decrease in parvalbumin-stained GABAergic interneurons. (sfari.org)
  • A particularly interesting problem for the developing cortex is how to integrate inhibitory interneurons (INs), which are produced by progenitors outside the telencephalon, into circuits among locally generated excitatory projection neurons (PNs). (nih.gov)
  • We generated two knockout mouse lines in which we selectively eliminated Gria2 (GluA2 KO), Gria1 , Gria2 , and Gria3 (GluA1-3 KO), genes that encode subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors, in 5HT3AR-Cre-expressing CGE-derived interneurons (5HT3AR is an ionotropic serotonin receptor on a subtype of GABAergic interneurons). (nih.gov)
  • We prepared neocortical slices from juvenile mice that were receiving eNRG1 subchronically and recorded inhibitory synaptic activity from layer V pyramidal neurons. (nih.gov)
  • These oscillations could entrain synchronous firing of amygdalar and entorhinal pyramidal neurons thus facilitating functional interactions between them including synaptic plasticity. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Operative GABAergic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in experimental epilepsy. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Mouse models of fragile X syndrome exhibit a higher density of dendritic spines in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. (sfari.org)
  • We propose that, during salient sensory stimulation, L-ITCcs disinhibit local and distant principal neurons, acting as "hub cells," to orchestrate the activity of a distributed network. (jneurosci.org)
  • Since GABAergic projection neurons typically have low perikaryal levels of GABAergic markers it is actually possible that most or all of the amygdalar LRNP neurons are GABAergic. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Neocortical projection neurons instruct inhibitory interneuron circuit development in a lineage dependent manner. (nih.gov)
  • A subset of cortical somatostatin (SST) neurons, the Martinotti cells, gate top down input by inhibiting the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in laye. (researchgate.net)
  • tracing with immunohistochemistry for the amygdalar nonpyramidal cell markers glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) parvalbumin (PV) somatostatin (SOM) neuropeptide Y (NPY) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the m2 muscarinic cholinergic receptor (M2R). (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • The majority of M2-positive neurons were mGluR8 innervated, but a minority, which expresses somatostatin, was not. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thalamic recruitment of feedforward inhibition is known to enhance the fidelity of the receptive field by limiting the temporal window during which cortical neurons integrate excitatory inputs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Thalamic excitatory inputs diverge on both excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons, generating disynaptic feedforward inhibition. (researchsquare.com)
  • In the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) drives feedforward inhibition in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) via local parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons [12]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Although feedforward inhibition mediated by cortical PV neurons has been described previously [12], the mechanism underlying the modulation of feedforward inhibition during high-frequency activity has never been examined. (researchsquare.com)
  • At least in layer 4, the major recipient layer of the cortex, they are the main source of fast feed forward inhibition onto neighboring excitatory neurons, where, upon receiving inputs from the thalamus , they get activated and now inhibit their neighboring excitatory neurons in the forward direction. (knowingneurons.com)
  • Not much is known about their functionality of VIP, though recently, studies are attributing a disinhibitory role to these neurons i.e. an inhibition of other inhibitory neurons, thereby relieving the overall inhibition of excitatory neurons. (knowingneurons.com)
  • Differential subcellular localization of forward and feedback interareal inputs to parvalbumin expressing GABAergic neurons in rat visual cortex. (yale.edu)
  • They receive inputs from both excitatory neurons in the cortex as well as the thalamus . (knowingneurons.com)
  • We demonstrate that L-ITCcs are GABAergic, and strongly express metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α and GABA A receptor α1 subunit, together with moderate levels of parvalbumin. (jneurosci.org)
  • We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
  • Syngap1 haploinsufficiency increases activity level of Ras-ERK-mTOR, causing excessive insertion of AMPA receptor at the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory neurons and affects spine morphology. (umontreal.ca)
  • Hippocampal GABAergic local circuit INs target distinct domains of their postsynaptic targets to gate incoming excitatory input, control firing of PNs, and pace synchronized activity among neurons in both neonatal and adult brain. (nih.gov)
  • Subpopulations of cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus contain calcium-binding proteins and are heterogeneously distributed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These findings thus identify novel subtypes of cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons based on their expression of CBPs, and further contribute to the notion of the PPN as a highly heterogeneous structure, an attribute that is likely to underlie its functional complexity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, single-nucleus transcriptomics uncovered the need for simultaneous expression of specific transcription factors able to convert various glial subtypes into neurons, without relying on a specific subtype preference. (lu.se)
  • Three main transmitter phenotypes have been described, cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic, and yet electrophysiological evidence suggests heterogeneity within these subtypes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we show that GABAergic neurotransmission and spontaneous network activity is perturbed in the hippocampus of neonatal mice lacking GluK1 KARs selectively in GABAergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data indicate that GluK1 KARs are closely involved in functional regulation of the GABAergic network in the early postnatal hippocampus and suggest that its malfunction might influence adult oscillatory network activity and associated behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Keywords: retrograde tract tracing long-range GABAergic neurons parasubiculum entorhinal cortex nonpyramidal neurons prefrontal cortex The parahippocampal region consisting of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices is an important part of the medial temporal lobe memory system (Squire and Zola-Morgan 1991 It relays sensory information from the neocortex to the hippocampus and then transmits hippocampal outputs back to the neocortex for memory storage. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8-expressing nerve terminals target subsets of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To date more than 20 subgroups of GABAergic INs have been identified in the rodent CA1 hippocampus. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular characteristics such as the distribution of substance P and the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR) indicate, that the zebrafish extended centromedial (autonomic and reproductive) amygdala is predominantly located in the GABAergic and isl1 -negative territory. (frontiersin.org)
  • Various GABAergic neuron types of the amygdala cooperate to control principal cell firing during fear-related and other behaviors, and understanding their specialized roles is important. (jneurosci.org)
  • Promising evidence points to the direction of GluK1 subunit containing kainate receptors (KARs) having a role in the modulation of GABAergic transmission in the lateral amygdala (LA). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dysfunction of KARs contribute to stress-induced amygdala hyperexcitability and anxiogenesis in mice. (helsinki.fi)
  • Injections of FG into the rat entorhinal cortex labeled numerous neurons that were mainly located in the cortical and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Being the most recent group to be characterized, these include two major subgroups: (1) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons and (2) Reelin expressing neurons. (knowingneurons.com)
  • The entorhinal cortex and other hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices are interconnected by a small number of GABAergic nonpyramidal neurons in addition to glutamatergic pyramidal cells. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Cell counts revealed that LRNP neurons labeled by YM-53601 injections into the entorhinal cortex constituted about 10-20% of the total SOM+ population and 20-40% of the total NPY population in portions of the lateral amygdalar nucleus that exhibited a high density of FG+ neurons. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Like GABAergic LRNP neurons in hippocampal/parahippocampal regions amygdalar LRNP neurons that project to the entorhinal cortex are most likely involved in synchronizing oscillatory activity between the two regions. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • I then focused on stellate cells of the entorhinal cortex during my postdoctoral work with Dr. Johan Storm at the University of Oslo, where I studied the diversity of potassium channels the shape the behaviour of these neurons. (ntnu.edu)
  • Parvalbumin (PV) is a calcium-binding protein with low molecular weight (typically 9-11 kDa). (wikipedia.org)
  • Synaptic contacts between mitral/tufted cells and GABAergic neurons containing calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat olfactory bulb, with special reference to reciprocal synapses between them. (yale.edu)
  • Indeed, I apply to neuroscience the same approach as to birdwatching: I look at the morphology of neurons, their behaviour (firing pattern), and the environment they live in (the cortical circuits). (ntnu.edu)
  • Upon returning to Europe, I joined Dr. Menno Witter at the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience to work on multisensory integration in perirhinal cortex and the diversity of its inhibitory neurons. (ntnu.edu)
  • Like in tetrapods, medial amygdaloid (MeA) nuclei are defined by the presence of substance P immunoreactive fibers and calretinin-positive neurons, whereas central amygdaloid (CeA) nuclei lack these characteristics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Rare neurons coexpressing calretinin and M2 were consistently targeted by mGluR8-positive boutons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons are as abundant as cholinergic neurons, and their expression follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to these two large populations, in cholinergic neurons expression of calretinin is observed only in low numbers and expression of calbindin is virtually non-existent. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The introduction of voltage imaging to the CN creates the opportunity to investigate auditory processing circuitry in populations of neurons targeted on the basis of their genetic identity and their roles in sensory processing.Significance StatementThe cochlear nucleus uses dedicated circuitry to process and interpret information from the ear. (stanford.edu)
  • In mice, cognitive deficits are in part due to alteration of the GABAergic circuitry. (umontreal.ca)
  • In the adult circuitry, GABAergic activity maintains and paces the rhythmic oscillations suggested to underlie various cognitive and motor functions [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In light of the association of the genes of both NRG1 and ErbB4 with schizophrenia and dysfunction of GABAergic system in this disorder, these results provide insight into its potential pathological mechanism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Prönneke A, Scheuer B, Wagener RJ, Mock M, Witte M, Staiger JF (2015) Characterizing VIP Neurons in the Barrel Cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato Mice Reveals Layer-Specific Differences. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Using a combination of biochemical, behavioral, and imaging approaches, we found that mice lacking mTOR in VIP neurons displayed erratic circadian behavior and weakened synchronization among cells in the SCN, the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. (concordia.ca)
  • Odor-evoked c-Fos responses along the olfactory pathway were abolished in mice lacking mTOR in VIP neurons, which is consistent with reduced olfactory sensitivity in these animals. (concordia.ca)
  • In adult male mice, the absence of GluK1 in GABAergic neurons led to stronger hippocampal gamma oscillations and enhanced theta-gamma cross frequency coupling, coinciding with faster spatial relearning in the Barnes maze. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Importantly, activity recordings at the level of single neurons, neuronal networks or even entire brain regions consistently show hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD (summarized in Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • It is found in well-defined populations of NEURONS and is involved in CALCIUM SIGNALING and NEURONAL PLASTICITY. (lookformedical.com)
  • A calbindin protein that is differentially expressed in distinct populations of NEURONS throughout the vertebrate and invertebrate NERVOUS SYSTEM, and modulates intrinsic neuronal excitability and influences LONG-TERM POTENTIATION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
  • Alterations in GABAergic interneuron intrinsic activity and responsiveness to incoming signals may significantly affect SPN output thus contributing to abnormal motor movements in patients afflicted with HD. (nih.gov)
  • This balance is determined in part by the number and function of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the excitability of input and output neurons and the ability of microcircuits to compensate for synaptic alterations, known as synaptic homeostasis. (sfari.org)
  • Nrg3 was detected in excitatory, GABAergic and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons while expression in glia was limited. (umn.edu)
  • Hypotheses about altered brain development in individuals with autism involve changes in the birth and programmed cell death of neurons and glia, altered fate determination and aberrant cell migration. (sfari.org)
  • Notably, CBP-positive neurons expressing GAD mRNA were more concentrated in the rostral PPN, whereas the caudal PPN was characterized by a higher density of CBP-positive neurons expressing VGluT2 mRNA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Boutons labeled for mGluR8 formed either type I or type II synapses, and the latter were GABAergic. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Calcium binding proteins like parvalbumin play a role in many physiological processes, namely cell-cycle regulation, second messenger production, muscle contraction, organization of microtubules and phototransduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both mechanisms result in increased activation of GABAergic neurons, suggesting that the physiological role of interneuronal GluK1 KARs is to act as a feedback mechanism to maintain the network excitability in a critical range during developmental and activity-dependent fluctuations in the levels of endogenous glutamate [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following the establishment of successful conversion protocols, we then introduce a 3D model for direct conversion that replicates the cell-cell interactions pivotal for physiological relevance, leading to an accelerated induction of functional neurons (Paper III). (lu.se)
  • In CN slices from these animals auditory nerve fiber stimulation elicited a glutamate receptor-dependent depolarization in hVOS probe-labeled neurons. (stanford.edu)
  • Less is known regarding its function in postmitotic neurons in the adult brain. (concordia.ca)
  • With regard specifically to embryonic and adult cerebellar stem cells, we observe that they are able to give rise to neurons that resemble different select classes of cerebellar subclasses when grafted into the perinatal host cerebellum. (silverchair.com)
  • Here, we comprehensively examined human brain cell epigenomes by probing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation at single-cell resolution in 517 thousand cells (399 thousand neurons and 118 thousand non-neurons) from 46 regions of three adult male brains. (salk.edu)
  • 2013 In fact all major portions of the medial temporal lobe memory system are interconnected by various subpopulations of nonpyramidal GABAergic projection YM-53601 neurons (Jinno 2009 Caputi et al. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • During my doctoral studies with Dr. Jacopo Magistretti at the University of Pavia (Italy) I studied the expression of subthreshold sodium currents in different cortical neurons. (ntnu.edu)
  • Our results point to mTOR pathway as a signaling mechanism potentially linking Syngap1 haploinsufficiency and GABAergic deficits. (umontreal.ca)
  • The downstream molecular mechanisms linking Syngap1 haploinsufficiency to GABAergic deficits are unknown. (umontreal.ca)
  • Syngap1 haploinsufficiency in GABAergic neurons originating from the medial ganglionic eminence reduces the number of perisomatic innervation formed by parvalbuminexpressing basket cells and reduces inhibitory synaptic activity. (umontreal.ca)
  • Claustral neurons in distinct zones, while having large receptive fields, were responsive to particular sensory modalities (visual, somatosensory, or auditory) [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the overall increase in firing, by 6 weeks, thalamocortical neurons display degraded receptive fields, with decreased responses to adjacent whiskers. (cdc.gov)
  • These computations are performed by distinct types of neurons interconnected in circuits dedicated to the specialized roles of the auditory system. (stanford.edu)
  • We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
  • Axonal speeding: shaping synaptic potentials in small neurons by the axonal membrane compartment. (sppin.fr)
  • The activity patterns of inhibitory neurons play a critical role in sculpting cortical network dynamics. (researchsquare.com)
  • This activity-induced gene enabled targeting of neurons that are activated when a mouse hears a pure 15 kHz tone. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we cover fundamental findings that implicate CCK neuron activity and CCK receptor signaling in modulating drug intake and drug-seeking (focusing on psychostimulants, opioids, and alcohol). (stanford.edu)
  • We found that 48-72 hours after cardiac arrest, thalamocortical neurons demonstrate significantly elevated firing rates both during spontaneous activity and in response to whisker deflections. (cdc.gov)
  • Together these papers encompass a collection of ways to derive human subtype- specific neurons in vitro and serve as platforms for both reprogramming and differentiation studies. (lu.se)
  • Parvalbumin is a small, stable protein containing EF-hand type calcium binding sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although they constitute only 20-25% of all neurons in the cortex, they are strikingly diverse, with different morphologies, sizes, intrinsic properties, connectivity patterns, and protein expression. (knowingneurons.com)
  • Developmental changes in parvalbumin regulate presynaptic Ca2+ signaling. (sppin.fr)
  • Prönneke A, Witte M, Mock M, Staiger JF (2020) Neuromodulation Leads to a Burst-Tonic Switch in a Subset of VIP Neurons in Mouse Primary Somatosensory (Barrel) Cortex. (uni-goettingen.de)