Gaba neurons parvalbumins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Parvalbumin is present in some GABAergic interneurons in the nervous system, especially the reticular thalamus, and expressed predominantly by chandelier and basket cells in the cortex. (wikipedia.org)
PV interneurons' connections are mostly perisomatic (around the cell body of neurons). (wikipedia.org)
Using fluorescence-targeted electrophysiological recording and cell-specific optogenetic manipulation in both anesthetized and non-anesthetized mice, we found that two major classes of interneurons, the parvalbumin and the somatostatin positive cells, tightly control both up-to-down and down-to-up state transitions. (nih.gov)
Cognitive processing is highly dependent on the functional integrity of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) interneurons in the brain. (nih.gov)
Reduced function of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and disruption of GABAergic synapses in the cortical circuitry result in desynchronized network activity associated with cognitive impairment across many psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. (nih.gov)
The PFC is composed of two major neuronal populations: glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) interneurons. (biorxiv.org)
Prior studies have shown that synaptic changes in the hippocampus may be driven by signals that arise from inhibitory interneurons, a special type of cell that comprises only about 10-20% of neurons in the brain. (nih.gov)
There are over 20 different subtypes of interneurons in the hippocampus, but recent studies have highlighted two types, known as parvalbumin and somatostatin, that are critically involved in synapse regulation. (nih.gov)
To identify which interneuron was responsible for the plasticity they observed, Dr. Lu's team used optogenetics, a technique that uses light to turn cells on or off, and found that wakefulness led to more α5-GABA A receptors and stronger connections from parvalbumin, but not somatostatin, interneurons. (nih.gov)
In vivo, D1R activation reduced the firing of putative interneurons, increased the firing of putative excitatory neurons, and made both neuronal types unable to adapt to novel stimuli. (bvsalud.org)
To test this possibility, we have applied paired-pulse stimulations (with 30- to 300-ms intervals) at GABAergic synapses between interneurons and Purkinje cells, both in wild-type (PV+/+) mice and in parvalbumin knockout (PV-/-) mice. (hal.science)
These results demonstrate that of ErbB4+ interneurons is essential for the development of inhibitory synapses onto excitatory neurons and suggest a role of GABA in circuit Propyl pyrazole triol assembly. (brinda.info)
We provide evidence that the formation of inhibitory and excitatory synapses onto excitatory neurons requires in interneurons. (brinda.info)
We have also characterized inhibitory synapses onto excitatory neurons created by interneurons that are positive only for PV or ErbB4 (PV-only and ErbB4-only, respectively), inhibitoryCinhibitory synapses created by these three groups of interneurons (PV+ErbB4+, PV-only, and ErbB4-only) and excitatory synapses. (brinda.info)
Importantly, we provide first genetic evidence that the formation of inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the brain requires GABA release from interneurons. (brinda.info)
Our findings reveal that neuropathic pain-related cognitive impairments in male mice are correlated to bilateral morphological changes in PV interneurons and layer 5/6 IL pyramidal neuron AIS. (jneurosci.org)
Optogenetically manipulating somatostatin-positive (Sst+) or parvalbumin-positive (Pvalb+) interneurons while recording tone-responses showed that Sst+ inactivation increased response gain, while Pvalb+ inactivation weakened tuning and decreased information transfer, implying that these neurons support delineable computational functions. (elifesciences.org)
Recent studies have implicated cortical parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory interneurons in gap detection and prepulse inhibition. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover, functional nAChRs are also present on populations of GINs that respond only weakly to phasic activation of CINs, such as parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking interneurons (PV-FSIs), making the overall role of nAChRs in shaping striatal synaptic integration unclear. (huji.ac.il)
These results suggest that the majority of TH-positive neurons intrinsic to the human striatum belong to a distinct subpopulation of striatal interneurons characterized by their ability to produce dopamine and GABA. (ulaval.ca)
Immunoreactivity to GAD 65/67 and GABA A receptors suggest that GABAergic interneurons provide widespread inhibitory input to CLA neurons. (northwestern.edu)
GABA through the ages: regulation of cortical function and plasticity by inhibitory interneurons. (research.com)
The parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons offer solid inhibitory input to pyramidal neurons and play a critical part during the synchronization of neuronal firing inside of the network, a fundamental mechanism for the generation of c oscillations5. (glucagon-receptor.com)
a4b2 nAChRs are expressed in GABAergic interneurons and modulate GABA release16,18,19. (glucagon-receptor.com)
Ferando I, Mody I. In vitro gamma oscillations following partial and complete ablation of δ subunit-containing GABAA receptors from parvalbumin interneurons. . (ucla.edu)
Canetta S, Bolkan S, Padilla-Coreano N , Song LJ, Sahn R, Harrison NL , Gordon JA , Brown A , Kellendonk C . Maternal immune activation leads to selective functional deficits in offspring parvalbumin interneurons. (neurotree.org)
7. K. Zheng, J. J. An, F. Yang, W. Xu, Z. Xu, J. Wu, T. Hökfelt, A. Fisahn, B. Xu, and B. Lu (2011) TrkB Signaling in Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons Is Critical for gamma-band network synchronization in hippocampus. (tsinghua.edu.cn)

In a mouse model of early parkinsonism, GATs are downregulated, tonic GABAergic inhibition of DA release augmented, and nigrostriatal GABA co-release attenuated. (nature.com)
Immunofluorescence staining revealed that HCN channels expressed in presynaptic GABAergic terminals, as well as in both soma and neurite of parvalbumin-expressing (PV-expressing) basket cells in the mPFC. (biorxiv.org)
Disrupted GABAergic neurons have been extensively described in brain tissues from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and animal models for ASD. (biomedcentral.com)
We examined ASD-related behaviors in mice with conditional Pten knockout in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing or somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons, two common subtypes of GABAergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
GABAergic (GABA = gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurons from different brain regions contain high levels of parvalbumin, both in their soma and in their neurites. (hal.science)
2012). However, genetic evidence is usually missing for the role of GABAergic transmission in neural development because null mutant mice without important molecules in the GABA pathway pass away prematurely due to cleft palate or respiratory failure (Asada et al. (brinda.info)
AIM 1 will then specify the functional contributions of Nell-1 and Cntnap4 to the CB and brain using tissue-specific knockout (KO) Nell- 1Wnt1KO and Cntnap4Wnt1KO mice targeting CNCCs-derived CB and trigeminal ganglions (TG) by Wnt1-Cre, and Nell-1PV-2AKO and Cntnap4PV-2AKO mice targeting parvalbumin positive (PV+) GABAergic neurons in the brain and TG by PV-2A-Cre. (hhs.gov)
2. Glutamatergic and GABAergic innervation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I neurons. (nih.gov)

These cells regulate excitability and synaptic plasticity of principal neurons balancing the excitatory/inhibitory tone of cortical networks. (nih.gov)
In addition to their dendritic localization, HCN channels are expressed in cortical and hippocampal axons and synaptic terminals of inhibitory and excitatory neurons [ 5 , 9 , 11 - 13 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Additionally, presynaptic HCN current, I h , has been indicated to affect excitatory synaptic transmission in invertebrate neurons and vertebrate neurons where Ih has been shown to influence excitatory transmitter release [ 14 - 17 ] via affecting the activities of presynaptic terminal Ca 2+ channels [ 17 ]. (biorxiv.org)
The molecules bind to GABA type A (GABA A ) receptors on the surface of neighboring excitatory neurons, making them less likely to fire. (nih.gov)
When you are learning new information during the day, neurons are bombarded with excitatory signals from the cortex and many other areas of the brain. (nih.gov)
Using viral tools to target excitatory versus inhibitory neurons in the zebra finch auditory association pallium (calmodulin-dependent kinase alpha [CaMKIIα] and glutamate decarboxylase 1 [GAD1] promoters, respectively), we systematically tested predictions derived from mammalian pallium. (bvsalud.org)
Along the way the signal can be amplified by excitatory neurons such as pyramidal cells (PYRs) or dampened by inhibitory neurons such as SST and PV cells. (neurocure.de)
In particular, inhibitory axoCsomatic and axoCaxonic synapses onto excitatory neurons are more sensitive to deletion than inhibitory synapses onto inhibitory neurons. (brinda.info)
Striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) transform convergent excitatory corticostriatal inputs into an inhibitory signal that shapes basal ganglia output. (huji.ac.il)
In higher organisms, networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons sculpt patterns of neurotransmission to orchestrate complex behaviors. (nih.gov)
ErbB4 is present in inhibitory, but not excitatory neurons, and likely regulates neuronal networks by altering the activity of these neurons. (nih.gov)

Inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS is mediated by populations of neurons that synthesize and release GABA, which exerts its effects through two subtypes of receptor: the ionotropic GABA A receptors and the metabotropic G-protein-coupled GABA B receptors. (karger.com)
Further experiments showed that the synaptic changes during wakefulness were driven by an increased number of α5-GABA A receptors. (nih.gov)
This suggests that the accumulation of GABA A receptors during wakefulness may be key to building stronger, more efficient inhibitory synapses, a fundamental process known as synaptic plasticity. (nih.gov)
12. GABA(B) receptors at glutamatergic synapses in the rat striatum. (nih.gov)
Wei X, Nishi T, Kondou S, Kimura H, Mody I. Preferential enhancement of GluN2B-containing native NMDA receptors by the endogenous modulator 24S-hydroxycholesterol in hippocampal neurons. . (ucla.edu)
We found that this interaction is augmented by NRG binding, and activation by NRG results in the removal of GABA A receptors from the inhibitory neuron's surface, likely increasing the activity of theses neurons. (nih.gov)
As in neurons, CNS myelin expresses N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) that subserve physiological roles, but have the potential to induce injury to this vital element. (biomedcentral.com)
According to their different expression receptors, the neurons can be subdivided into neuronal subtypes expressing dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, adenosine A1 and A2A receptor. (301hospital.com.cn)

They also found much larger activity-dependent enhancement of inhibitory electrical responses in neurons from awake mice suggesting that wakefulness, but not sleep, could strengthen these synapses to a greater degree. (nih.gov)
At inhibitory synapses, these neurons release GABA molecules into the synaptic cleft, the space between neurons where neurotransmitters diffuse. (nih.gov)
In the future, Dr. Lu's group plans to explore the molecular basis of GABA A receptor trafficking to inhibitory synapses. (nih.gov)
Distinct endocannabinoid control of GABA release at perisomatic and dendritic synapses in the hippocampus. (colostate.edu)
Parvalbumin-Interneuron Output Synapses Show Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity that Contributes to Auditory Map Remodeling. (epfl.ch)
Synaptotagmin2 (Syt2) drives fast release redundantly with Syt1 at the output synapses of Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons. (epfl.ch)
15. Synapses of optic axons with GABA- and glutamate-containing elements in the optic tectum of Bufo marinus. (nih.gov)
16. Dendro-dendritic bundling and shared synapses between gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. (nih.gov)
The first benchmark is based on a large-scale balanced network, while the second one is a multi-region embodied brain simulation consisting of more than a million neurons and a billion synapses. (frontiersin.org)

Strikingly, this cellular phenotype associates with decreased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) and also coincides with disrupted CA1 inhibitory circuitry, reduced in vivo gamma frequency oscillations and impaired working memory. (nih.gov)
2012). Conversely, knock-down of (vesicular GABA transporter, critical for loading GABA into synaptic vesicles) or expressing Propyl pyrazole triol TeNT-Lc (tetanus toxin light chain) to eliminate presynaptic release in PV+ neurons increased axon branching and the number of axonal boutons onto pyramidal neuron somas in organotypic slices in the visual cortex (Baho et al. (brinda.info)

Inhibition of immature cortical neurons by muscimol was confirmed with separate in vitro electrophysiological recordings. (ncl.ac.uk)

Ambient striatal GABA tone on striatal projection neurons can be determined by plasma membrane GABA uptake transporters (GATs) located on astrocytes and neurons. (nature.com)
The same double ISH/IHC approach was then used to know if these dopamine neurons display markers of well-established classes of striatal projection neurons (GAD65 and calbindin) or local circuit neurons (GAD65, calretinin, somatostatin and parvalbumin). (ulaval.ca)

The Ventral Tegmental Area has calbindin neurons with the capability to co-release glutamate and dopamine into the nucleus accumbens. (nih.gov)
Scientists at NIDA's Intramural Research Program conducted a set of studies to better understand the function of glutamate neurons in this addiction-relevant brain region. (nih.gov)
Studying rat brain, the investigators discovered that the calcium binding protein calbindin is expressed in approximately 30% of all VTA glutamate neurons. (nih.gov)
The researchers then went on to show that 80% of the glutamate neurons expressing calbindin that project to the nucleus accumbens shell-another area of the brain involved in the rewarding effects of drugs-also express dopamine. (nih.gov)
These findings broaden our understanding of the diversity of VTA neurons, and identify a subpopulation of calbindin neurons with the capability to co-release glutamate and dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell. (nih.gov)
The long-range mode is referred to as factors released by tumors including glutamate and GABA, binding to the corresponding receptor on the cellular membrane and causing neuronal hyperactivity, while the short-range mode is considered to involve direct intracellular communication between tumor cells and stromas. (oncotarget.com)
4. Morphological assessment of GABA and glutamate inputs to GnRH neurons in intact female mice using expansion microscopy. (nih.gov)
8. Synaptic contacts of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 fibres on chemically identified neurons of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat. (nih.gov)
9. Glutamate-immunoreactive neurons and their gonadotropin-releasing hormone-neuronal interactions in the monkey hypothalamus. (nih.gov)

Here, we show that zebra finch auditory neurons frequently coexpress D1 receptor (D1R) protein, neuroestradiol-synthase, GABA, and parvalbumin. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of PV neurons with the hM3-based designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs completely reversed the impairments in gap detection for noise-exposed animals. (jneurosci.org)
In his study, which falls under the umbrella issue of Cortex, Bicuculline, Cell culture, GABA receptor antagonist, Neurotransmitter and Receptive field is strongly linked to Electrophysiology. (research.com)
Using advanced approaches (i.e., proteomics, electrophysiology, transgenic animals, and quantitative microscopy) we showed that ErbB4 interacts with the GABA A receptor, a protein channel whose activity makes neurons less likely to fire an action potential. (nih.gov)

Mrejeru A , Martí-Prats L, Avegno EM, Harrison NL , Sulzer D . A subset of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons responds to acute ethanol. (neurotree.org)

Recent data show that DA release is under tonic inhibition by striatal GABA. (nature.com)
Tonic inhibition by ambient GABA across the mammalian brain is usually limited by GABA uptake by plasma membrane GABA transporters (GATs) 16 . (nature.com)
Here we reveal firstly that GAT-1 and GAT-3 strongly regulate striatal DA release in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) but not in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC), by limiting tonic inhibition arising from striatal ambient GABA. (nature.com)
Ultrastructural basis of strong unitary inhibition in a binaural neuron. (epfl.ch)
Unilateral inhibition reduced contralaterally the number of PV positive spinal cord neurons and muscle afferent boutons in the dorsolateral ventral horn, compared to controls, and significantly altered the distribution of motoneuronal cJun expression. (ncl.ac.uk)
Optogenetic activation of PV neurons produced less cortical inhibition in noise-exposed than sham-exposed animals, indicative of reduced PV neuron function. (jneurosci.org)
Activation of SOM neurons resulted in similar levels of cortical inhibition in noise- and sham-exposed groups. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, cortical PV inhibitory neurons in noise-exposed animals had reduced expression of glutamic acid decarboxylases and weakened inhibition on cortical activity. (jneurosci.org)
The nAChR-dependent inhibition was mediated by downstream GABA release, and data suggest that the GABA source was not limited to GINs that respond strongly to phasic CIN activation. (huji.ac.il)

Somato-dendritic HCN channels in pyramidal neurons modulate spike firing and synaptic potential integration by influencing the membrane resistance and resting membrane potential[ 10 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Figure 5: Distinct populations of S1DZ neurons selectively modulate marble burying and sociability phenotypes. (nature.com)

We found that mice with deletion of Pten in either PV-neurons or Sst-neurons displayed social deficits, repetitive behaviors and impaired motor coordination/learning. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, mice with one copy of Pten deletion in PV-neurons exhibited hyperlocomotion in novel open fields and home cages. (biomedcentral.com)
We also examined anxiety behaviors and found that mice with Pten deletion in Sst-neurons displayed anxiety-like behaviors, while mice with Pten deletion in PV-neurons exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
We used the Cre/loxp recombination system to generate mice with Pten knockout in PV-neurons or Sst-neurons, and conducted a battery of behavioral tests to examine autism-related behavioral phenotypes in these mice. (biomedcentral.com)
We specifically deleted Pten in PV-neurons by crossing PV-Cre mice with Pten flox mice to generate PV-Cre +/+ / Pten fl/+ mice (See Methods for details). (biomedcentral.com)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT GABA has been implicated in neural development, but genetic evidence is usually missing because mutant mice lacking GABA pass away prematurely. (brinda.info)
Ming (2012) Interplay between DISC1 and GABA Signaling Regulates Neurogenesis in Mice and Risk for Schizophrenia. (tsinghua.edu.cn)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)

A common assumption is that we can work out the role of each type of neuron by increasing or decreasing its activity experimentally and observing the consequences. (elifesciences.org)
Generation of gamma oscillations is driven by the activity of parvalbumin-expressing basket cells or PVBCs, a type of neuron whose activity inhibits other neurons. (nih.gov)

calretinin, CR or parvalbumin, PV), it is unclear whether these proteins are expressed in rat VTA glutamatergic neurons. (nih.gov)

Virtually all TH-labeled neurons expressed GAD65 mRNA, about 30% of them exhibited calretinin, but none stained for the other striatal neuron markers. (ulaval.ca)

Neurochemical characterization of dopaminergic neurons in human striatum. (ulaval.ca)
We examined the neurochemical phenotype of striatal neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA to determine if they form a distinct class of neurons within the human striatum. (ulaval.ca)
These neurons project axons to the striatum where they release dopamine, a neurotransmitter that controls voluntary movement. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
In paper №2, I describe how mesDA neurons transplanted in the adult SN of a PD mouse model, extended axons across millimetres into the striatum, functionally reforming the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)
Nucleus accumben is located in the ventral striatum and is mainly composed of medium-sized polyspinous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. (301hospital.com.cn)

We found several different neurochemically defined populations of neurons equally distributed throughout the CLA. (northwestern.edu)

HCN channels are principally located in pyramidal cell dendrites, although they are found at lower densities in the soma of pyramidal neurons as well as other neuron subtypes[ 10 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Soma-targeting parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons (PV-neurons) and dendritic-targeting somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons (Sst-neurons) are two prominent subtypes of inhibitory neurons in the cortex [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, whether conditional knockout of Pten in subtypes of inhibitory neurons causes autism-behavioral phenotypes remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)

AKAP10 To avoid embryonic lethality, we required advantage of the promoter that is active in 68% of GAD67-positive neurons in the cortex (Bean et al. (brinda.info)
As proof of principle, this study focused on synapse development and refinement in the cortex because ErbB4 in this region is present solely in GABA neurons. (brinda.info)
This deficit correlated with a loss of parvalbumin (PV) and reductions in axon initial segment (AIS) length in layers 5/6 of the infralimbic (IL) cortex. (jneurosci.org)
Motor cortex lesions rescue a proportion of these boutons and perturb activity dependent expression of cJun and parvalbumin (PV) in the spinal cord. (ncl.ac.uk)
Therefore, we tested whether activity-dependent competition between corticospinal and proprioreceptive afferents determines the balance of these inputs to motor output pathways by delivering the inhibitory GABA agonist muscimol unilaterally to the forelimb motor cortex using slow release polymer implants from postnatal day 7 (P7) coincident with corticospinal synaptogenesis. (ncl.ac.uk)
His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including Contrast, Stimulation, Parvalbumin and Auditory cortex. (research.com)
Using two-photon calcium imaging, we found altered temporal distributions (burstiness) in the spontaneous activity of layer II/III visual cortex neurons, in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease (5xFAD), before plaque formation. (nih.gov)

Parvalbumin (PV) is a calcium-binding protein with low molecular weight (typically 9-11 kDa). (wikipedia.org)
Role of the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in short-term synaptic plasticity. (hal.science)

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a brain structure that participates in the rewarding effects of drug use, but the role of specific neurons within the VTA is unclear. (nih.gov)
We can now apply it to specific neurons that we have identified visually. (neurocure.de)

Double in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures were used to know if TH mRNA-positive striatal neurons express molecular markers of mature neurons (MAP2 and NeuN), dopaminergic neurons (DAT and Nurr1) or immature neurons (TuJ1). (ulaval.ca)
Voluntary adolescent drinking enhances excitation by low levels of alcohol in a subset of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. (neurotree.org)

Parvalbumin-positive basket cells differentiate among hippocampal pyramidal cells. (colostate.edu)

Inhibitory neurons are highly impacted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by symptoms of difficulty in communication, deficits in social interaction, and the presence of restricted/repetitive behaviors [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that conditional knockout Pten in PV-neurons or Sst-neurons is sufficient to result in autism-core symptoms, including social deficits and repetitive behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)

GAD67, glutamic acid decarboxylase, a major enzyme that synthesizes GABA) or reducing excitability in individual parvalbumin-positive (PV+) basket cells decreased axon branching and axoCsomatic innervations onto pyramidal neurons in organotypic slices (Chattopadhyaya et al. (brinda.info)

Inhibitory neurons use the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to decrease activity in the nervous system. (nih.gov)
They also found that approximately 20% of these VTA neurons express molecules for the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the reinforcing effects of addictive drugs. (nih.gov)

The project will investigate the role of neurotransmitters GABA and Acetylcholine in sensory processing in the healthy and Parkinsonian human brain. (nih.gov)
James Poulet's lab at the MDC uses advanced techniques to monitor the activity of networks of single sensory neurons in the brain. (neurocure.de)

HCN channels have a major role in controlling neuronal intrinsic excitability, dendritic integration of synaptic potentials, synaptic transmission, and rhythmic oscillatory activity in individual neurons and neuronal networks [ 4 - 9 ]. (biorxiv.org)

Parvalbumin is a slow Ca(2+) buffer that may affect the amplitude and time course of intracellular Ca(2+) transients in terminals after an action potential, and hence may regulate short-term synaptic plasticity. (hal.science)
These data show that parvalbumin potently modulates short-term synaptic plasticity. (hal.science)

Stimulation of medial amygdala GABA neurons with kinetically different channelrhodopsins yields opposite behavioral outcomes. (epfl.ch)
Optogenetic Stimulation of Basal Forebrain Parvalbumin Neurons Activates the Default Mode Network and Associated Behaviors. (epfl.ch)

Chen L, Saito T, Saido TC, Mody I. Novel Quantitative Analyses of Spontaneous Synaptic Events in Cortical Pyramidal Cells Reveal Subtle Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneuron Dysfunction in a Knock-In Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. . (ucla.edu)

Given that some VGluT2 neurons coexpress TH or VGaT, we examined whether these neurons coexpress CB, and found that about 20% of VGluT2-CB neurons coexpressed TH and about 13% coexpressed VGaT. (nih.gov)

Neuron, 2018. (ucla.edu)

Electrical recordings from neurons in the hippocampus-a brain region important for memory formation-showed a previously unappreciated pattern of activity. (nih.gov)

These behavioral assessments demonstrate that Pten knockout in the subtype of inhibitory neurons sufficiently gives rise to ASD-core behaviors, providing evidence that both PV- and Sst-neurons may play a critical role in ASD symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, evaluating the role of PV-neurons and Sst-neurons in autism behaviors is crucial for the development of treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, deletion of Pten in PV-neurons induces hyperlocomotion and anxiolytic-like behaviors whereas deletion of Pten in Sst-neurons causes anxiety-like behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
First, we examined the effect of conditional Pten knockout in parvalbumin-expressing neurons (PV-neurons) on social behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)

Previously, it was thought that transplanted neurons could not extend axons over long distances rendering transplantation into the SN a non-viable approach. (lu.se)

These results suggest a role of GABA in synapse formation and circuit development. (brinda.info)

14. Characterization of Kisspeptin Neurons in the Human Rostral Hypothalamus. (nih.gov)

However, the contribution of these aberrant inhibitory neurons to autism-related behavioral phenotypes is not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, Pten mutation in PV-neurons and Sst-neurons results in autism-related behavioral phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, activation of pyramidal neurons in this cortical region was sufficient to induce MIA-associated behavioural phenotypes in wild-type animals, whereas reduction in neural activity rescued the behavioural abnormalities in MIA-affected offspring. (nature.com)

This mechanism may be a way for inhibitory inputs to precisely control the ebb and flow of information between neurons and throughout entire brain networks. (nih.gov)

Neuron, 2016. (ucla.edu)

Auditory classical conditioning increased neuroplasticity gene induction in D1R-positive neurons. (bvsalud.org)

11. A parvalbumin-containing, axosomatic synaptic network in the rat medial septum: relevance to rhythmogenesis. (nih.gov)

It has three EF hand motifs and is structurally related to calmodulin and troponin C. Parvalbumin is found in fast-contracting muscles, where its levels are highest, as well as in the brain and some endocrine tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Gamma oscillation is the synchronization with a frequency of 30-90 Hz of neural oscillations, which are rhythmic electric processes of neuron groups in the brain. (frontiersin.org)
The brain processes information through the activity of many different types of neurons. (elifesciences.org)
To test the assumption that dialing a neuron's activity up or down provides a straightforward readout of its role in the brain, Phillips and Hasenstaub used optogenetics to inactivate two types of neurons in an area of the mouse brain responsible for processing sound. (elifesciences.org)

There is also disagreement over whether dorsal horn neurons express GRP. (biomedcentral.com)

These results support the notions that cortical PV neurons encode gap in sound and that PV neuron dysfunction contributes to noise-induced impairment in gap detection. (jneurosci.org)
These results implicate PV neuron dysfunction as a mechanism for noise-induced CAPDs. (jneurosci.org)

Using a computer model, Phillips and Hasenstaub showed that relatively small changes in factors such as the spontaneous activity of the neurons can affect the outcome of the experiments. (elifesciences.org)

Parvalbumin is a small, stable protein containing EF-hand type calcium binding sites. (wikipedia.org)

Because VTA TH-CB neurons are known to target the nucleus accumbens (nAcc), we determined whether VGluT2-CB-TH neurons innervate nAcc, and found that about 80% of VGluT2-CB neurons innervating the nAcc shell coexpressed TH. (nih.gov)

Anatomy10

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Interneurons27

GABAergic8

Excitatory11

Receptors8

Synapses9

Vesicular GABA transp2

Cortical neurons1

Projection neurons2

Glutamate9

Receptor4

Dopamine neurons1

Inhibition9

Modulate2

Mice8

Type of neuron2

Glutamatergic1

Calretinin1

Striatum6

Populations of neurons1

Subtypes3

Cortex7

Calcium-binding2

Specific neurons2

Dopaminergic neurons2

Hippocampal1

Deficits2

Axon1

Neurotransmitter2

Sensory2

Neuronal networks1

Synaptic plasticity2

Stimulation2

Interneuron1

VGAT1

20181

Hippocampus1

Behaviors4

Axons1

Synapse1

Characterization1

Phenotypes3

Inputs1

20161

Auditory1

Medial1

Brain4

Dorsal1

Dysfunction2

Spontaneous activity1

Protein1

NAcC1