Functional receptors antigen t cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an active area of cancer research. (ashpublications.org)
The urgent need for novel treatments inspired me to pursue a research project in adoptive immunotherapy, genetically modifying Tcells to express artificial T cell receptors, termed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), that target AML specific antigens. (stanford.edu)

Adoptive T-cell therapy with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells is a new approach for treating advanced B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)

T cells have the ability to sense and discriminate a wide range of antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecules according to their affinity for the T cell receptor (TCR). (nature.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
As an evasion mechanism, many tumors are able to stimulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, resulting in an exhausted phenotype of T cells that cannot restrain tumor progression [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
1 , 2 , 14 Phosphorylation of tyrosines in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of CD3-ζ molecules is important for T-cell activation. (ashpublications.org)
Binding of B-chain containing PDGF molecules can stimulate cell proliferation. (biolegend.com)
The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikidoc.org)
CDR2s interact with the class II molecules but are not involved in antigen recognition. (pharmacygyan.com)
Activation does not need antigen processing by APCs or presentation by MHC molecules. (pharmacygyan.com)
Furthermore, we will give an overview of the tumor-associated antigens and immunomodulatory molecules that have been used to armor MVA and describe their clinical use. (bvsalud.org)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
The B-cell receptor is formed from the noncovalent association between surface IgM or IgD and 2 transmembrane proteins, IgA and immunoglobulin B. The presence of CD22 and CD19/CD21 on the cell surface, playing the role of coreceptorlike molecules, is necessary for the activation of the receptor. (medscape.com)

For the structural analysis, the researchers chose a T-cell receptor used in immunotherapy to treat melanoma and which had been optimized for this purpose in several steps in such a way that it binds its antigen as tightly as possible. (news-medical.net)
This Antibody was verified by Knockout to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
We here describe the development of novel COVID-19 DNA plasmid vaccines encoding homodimers consisting of a targeting unit that binds chemokine receptors on antigen-presenting cells (human MIP-1α /LD78β), a dimerization unit (derived from the hinge and C H 3 exons of human IgG3), and an antigenic unit (Spike or the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2). (biorxiv.org)
The ligand angiopoietin-1 binds to this receptor and mediates a signaling pathway that functions in embryonic vascular development. (thermofisher.com)
3) The T cell's CD28 binds with a B7 molecule on the APC in the last stage of the activation cycle (antigen-presenting cell). (pharmacygyan.com)

GML treated T cells have decreased cellular proliferation when stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate (PMA), concanavalin A (ConA), and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) 13 . (nature.com)
CD28, a major co-stimulatory receptor, is responsible for the optimal antigen-mediated T-cell activation, proliferation and survival of T cells. (nih.gov)
CD28(-) T cells exhibit reduced antigen receptor diversity, defective antigen-induced proliferation and a shorter replicative lifespan while showing enhanced cytotoxicity and regulatory functions. (nih.gov)
B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of transformed monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Signaling through CD19 induces tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium flux and proliferation of B cells. (thermofisher.com)
The receptor for CD19 is an important functional regulator of normal and malignant B cell proliferation, and is expressed in all B cell precursor leukemias. (thermofisher.com)
First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
These pathways converge toward the activation of transcription factors, resulting in B-cell activation and proliferation. (medscape.com)

The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
Many surface receptors relay signals into the interior of the cell by changing their spatial structure after ligand binding. (news-medical.net)
Here, we used time-resolved high-throughput proteomic analyses to identify and quantify the phosphorylation events and protein-protein interactions encoding T cell ligand discrimination in antigen-experienced T cells. (nature.com)
Overall, this study provides a comprehensive map of molecular events associated with T cell ligand discrimination. (nature.com)
The kinetic proofreading model postulates that TCR ligand discrimination is due to several signaling steps that introduce a delay between ligand binding and T cell activation. (nature.com)
This implies that the pMHC ligand dwell time on the TCR determines the probability of completing a series of signaling events leading to T cell activation 5 . (nature.com)
Hence, how ligand affinity converts into signaling potency (that is, magnitude of T cell responses) remains unresolved. (nature.com)
In particular, it is unclear whether ligand affinity uniformly affects the different signaling pathways involved in T cell activation. (nature.com)
The cryo-EM structure of the fully assembled T-cell receptor (TCR) complex with a tumor-associated peptide/MHC ligand provides important insights into the biology of TCR signaling. (nanotech-now.com)
Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. (oncotarget.com)
It is closely associated with B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) receptor, transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmodium vivax invasion of reticulocytes relies on distinct receptor-ligand interactions between the parasite and host erythrocytes. (tropmedres.ac)

Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
These armed second-generation CAR T cells empowered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies in the ccRCC milieu to combat T cell exhaustion is an innovation in this field that should provide renewed potential for CAR T cell immunotherapy of solid tumors where limited efficacy is currently seen. (oncotarget.com)
Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
Immunotherapy utilizing T cell immunity has become a new treatment to eliminate cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a novel immunotherapy which modifies T cells with CAR, an artificial fusion protein that incorporates an extracellular antigen recognition domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain including costimulation and signaling components [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Multifunctional T-cell Analyses to Study Response and Progression in Adoptive Cell Transfer Immunotherapy. (ca.gov)
This study highlights the need to develop approaches to maintaining antitumor T-cell functionality with the aim of increasing the long-term efficacy of TCR-engineered ACT immunotherapy. (ca.gov)
Involving the direct use of whole cells or cellular material in patients, cell therapy is an umbrella term for many subdivisions of biological research, encompassing fields such as stem cell therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy. (ddw-online.com)
Cancer immunotherapy relies on unleashing the patient´s immune system against tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)

Functional binding assays with monoclonal antibodies were used to interrogate the available epitopes in DEKnull. (rcsb.org)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is usually a promising diagnostic software for antigenic illnesses corresponding to virus an infection, as they provide a excessive specificity towards a particular viral antigen. (kashbiotech.com)
Identification and Characterization of Functional Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Plasmodium vivax Duffy-Binding Protein. (tropmedres.ac)

Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
To evaluate anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a murine model of adoptive T-cell therapy, we developed a CAR that specifically recognized murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
We used T cells that were retrovirally transduced with this CAR to treat mice bearing a syngeneic lymphoma that naturally expressed the self-antigen murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
One infusion of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells completely eliminated normal B cells from mice for at least 143 days. (ashpublications.org)
Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells eradicated intraperitoneally injected lymphoma cells and large subcutaneous lymphoma masses. (ashpublications.org)
The antilymphoma efficacy of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells was critically dependent on irradiation of mice before anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cell infusion. (ashpublications.org)
Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells had superior antilymphoma efficacy compared with the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody from which the anti-CD19 CAR was derived. (ashpublications.org)
Our results demonstrated impressive antilymphoma activity and profound destruction of normal B cells caused by anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a clinically relevant murine model. (ashpublications.org)
CD19 expression is restricted to normal mature B cells, malignant B cells, and B-cell precursors. (ashpublications.org)
12 , 13 Clinical trials in which patients with advanced B-cell malignancies receive T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs are in early stages, and it is not known whether adoptive transfer of T cells targeting this self-antigen will be an effective therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
1 In addition, the optimal approach to treating patients with anti-CD19-CAR-expressing T cells is not known. (ashpublications.org)
To establish a murine model in which a completely syngeneic lymphoma could be treated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CAR-transduced T cells, we developed a CAR that could specifically recognize murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
Several antigens have been used as targets for CAR-T cell therapy against MM, including B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), CD19, CD138, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 7 (SLAM7), and immunoglobulin light chains. (biomedcentral.com)
This phase I trial studies the best dose and side effects of CD19/CD22 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells when given together with chemotherapy, and to see how well they work in treating children or young adults with CD19 positive B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that has come back or does not respond to treatment. (stanford.edu)
A CAR is a genetically-engineered receptor made so that immune cells (T cells) can attack cancer cells by recognizing and responding to the CD19/CD22 proteins. (stanford.edu)
Giving CD19/CD22-CAR T cells and chemotherapy may work better in treating children or young adults with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (stanford.edu)
Flow cytometry analysis of CD19 was performed by staining Raji CD19 Knock out cells with 0.25 µg Mouse IgG1 kappa Isotype Control (P3.6.2.8.1), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-4714-82, yellow histogram) or 0.25 µg CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (HIB19), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-0199-42, blue histogram). (thermofisher.com)
CD19 is expressed by B cells during all stages of development excluding the terminally differentiated plasma cells. (thermofisher.com)
Follicular dendritic cells also express CD19. (thermofisher.com)
The CD19 molecule is expressed on 100% of the peripheral B cells as defined by expression of kappa or lambda light chains. (thermofisher.com)
CD19 appears to be expressed on myeloid leukemia cells, particularly those of monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
Leukemia phenotype studies have demonstrated that the earliest and broadest B cell restricted antigen is the CD19 antigen. (thermofisher.com)
Spectacular outcomes have been achieved by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell remedy utilizing murine-derived single-chain variable fragment (scFv) FMC63 particular for CD19 in sufferers with B cell malignancies. (kashbiotech.com)

Some EBOV infections generate a cytokine storm, which hinders peripheral natural killer cells (NK) and T and B lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
Following consumption of 1.2 litres of cows' milk by normal human adults there was a rapid fall in the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing receptors for the reacted Fc of IgG (Fcγ-receptors). (karger.com)
In man it was found that Fcγ-receptors could only be re-expressed following incubation of post-milk lymphocytes in normal human serum. (karger.com)
The T cell antigen receptor complex expressed on normal peripheral blood CD4-, CD8-T lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
It is highly expressed on neutrophils and monocytes, and at lower levels on the subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes and NK cells. (biolegend.com)
Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. (thermofisher.com)
The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
SL is an antigen-dependent process and requires the collaboration of antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), CD4 + T lymphocytes, and different cytokines. (medscape.com)
Here, decreasing stimulation via the B-cell receptor by aging T-lymphocytes makes a difference. (medscape.com)

A Rapid Method to Characterize Mouse IgG Antibodies and Isolate Native Antigen Binding IgG B Cell Hybridomas. (nationaljewish.org)
TotalSeq™-D antibodies are compatible with Mission Bio's Tapestri Single-Cell Sequencing Platform for simultaneous detection of DNA and Protein. (biolegend.com)
DEKnull is a synthetic DBP based antigen that has been engineered through mutation to enhance induction of blocking inhibitory antibodies. (rcsb.org)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
Even after a person's antibodies wane, their immune system may have cells that remember the virus and that can act quickly to protect the person from severe illness if they become infected. (cdc.gov)
With the B-cells, functional germinal centers in the lymphoid organs and protective antibodies become rarer, and age-associated B-cells accumulate. (medscape.com)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

The analyses included evaluating 19 secreted proteins from individual cells from phenotypically defined T-cell subpopulations, as well as the enumeration of T cells with TCR antigen specificity for 36 melanoma antigens. (ca.gov)
To better understand the functional characteristics and fine specificity of protective human Abs to DBPII, we sorted single DBPII-specific IgG+ memory B cells from three individuals with high blocking activity to DBPII. (tropmedres.ac)

Functional characterization of natural killer cells in type I leukocyte adhesion deficiency. (lu.se)

The subsequent images collected at the cryo-electron microscope delivered groundbreaking insights into how the T-cell receptor works, as Tampé summarises: 'On the basis of our structural analysis, we were able to show how the T-cell receptor assembles and recognizes antigens and hypothesize how signal transduction is triggered after antigen binding. (news-medical.net)
Siglec 9 and siglec 6-8,10-12 are CD33 (siglec 3) like siglecs, which have two ITIMs in the cytoplasmic tails, suggesting their functional involvement in signal transduction. (biolegend.com)

CD140b is a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. (biolegend.com)
The 18A2 monclonal antibody recognizes human CD140b also known as the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide, PDGFR1, and PDGFRß. (biolegend.com)

This phenomenon was transient and apparently confined to the lymphocyte Fcγ-receptor +ve subpopulation. (karger.com)
It is proposed that rapid in vivo modulation of lymphocyte Fcγ-receptors occurs following oral antigen (cows' milk) challenge probably mediated by soluble food antigen-antibody complexes. (karger.com)
T cell activation, for example, needs three steps: (1) The lymphocyte T cell receptor (TCR) interacts with the antigen-loaded class II molecule in the first phase. (pharmacygyan.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
A novel CD18 genomic deletion in a patient with severe leucocyte adhesion deficiency: a possible CD2/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 functional association in humans. (lu.se)

This gene encodes a receptor that belongs to the protein tyrosine kinase Tie2 family. (thermofisher.com)

Cell Immunol 294, 80-83 (2015). (nationaljewish.org)

NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
The inhibitory ionotropic GlyR is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and therefore involved in maintaining homeostasis of neuronal excitation levels at brain stem and spinal cord. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
These findings suggest that IgG+ memory B cell activity in individuals with P. vivax strain-transcending Abs to DBPII display a limited clonal response with inhibitory blocking directed against a distinct region of the molecule. (tropmedres.ac)

However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
Regulatory vs. inflammatory cytokine T-cell responses to mutated insulin peptides in healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects. (nationaljewish.org)
As Dörner emphasized, these cells are not under the command of the B-cell receptor and are independent of the cytokine BAFF (B-cell activating factor). (medscape.com)
In 2006, we first reported that DA confirmed by specific inhalation challenge (SIC) testing was significantly associated with cytokine genotype combinations of IL-4 receptor a (IL4RA), IL13, and CD14 SNPs, but exclusively in hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-exposed workers. (cdc.gov)

T cells are our immune system's customized tools for fighting infectious diseases and tumor cells. (news-medical.net)
In order to restore antitumor immunity subverted by tumor cells in this location, we evaluated intraperitoneal administrations of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) engineered to express single-chain interleukin 12 (scIL-12) to increase antitumor immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: MVA encoding scIL-12 (MVA.scIL-12) was evaluated against peritoneal carcinomatosis models based on intraperitoneal engraftment of tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)

Small differences in binding kinetics between TCR ligands lead to marked differences in T cell effector function and differentiation. (nature.com)
Moreover, BCMA plays an essential role in regulating B cell maturation and differentiation into plasma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

One method is to target senescent T cells which have selective apoptosis function. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, we developed a novel system in which we could form and then aggregate dimers, representative of partial receptor complexes, which contained either Ig alpha alone, Ig beta alone, or the two chains together and then examine their ability to induce apoptosis in the immature B-cell line, WEHI-231. (nih.gov)
24h after TCR transduction, CD107a expression correlated with low expansion rates due to apoptosis of ADRB3 specific T cells in contrast to CHM1 specific transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
15 In addition to promoting T-cell activation, the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule have been shown to cause apoptosis, and inactivation of the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule by converting their tyrosine residues to phenylalanines has been shown to decrease T-cell apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
Siglec-9 plays a role in negative regulation of T cell activation, and it also affects neutrophil apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Functional redundancy of the Nur77 and Nor-1 orphan steroid receptors in T-cell apoptosis. (duke.edu)
The transcription factor Nur77 (NGFI-B), a member of the steroid nuclear receptor superfamily, is induced to a high level during T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated apoptosis. (duke.edu)
Furthermore, constitutive expression of Nor-1 in thymocytes leads to massive apoptosis and up-regulation of CD25, suggesting a functional redundancy between Nur77 and Nor-1 gene products. (duke.edu)
Thus, Nor-1 and Nur77 demonstrate functional redundancy in an apparently Fas-independent apoptosis. (duke.edu)

However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Currently, three main strategies are applied to restore the activation of senescent T cells, including replacement, restoration, and reprogramming. (hindawi.com)
Studies of Ig alpha or Ig beta have shown that the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) found in each cytoplasmic tail is capable of inducing most receptor signaling events. (nih.gov)
A comparison of the antigen-bound structure captured using cryo-electron microscopy with that of a receptor without antigen provides the first clues to the activation mechanism. (news-medical.net)
The remaining question is how antigen binding could instead lead to T-cell activation. (news-medical.net)
Our structure is a blueprint for future studies on T-cell activation,' Tampé is convinced. (news-medical.net)
These studies suggest that GML potentially alters T cell activation. (nature.com)
However, how GML treatment affects the full T cell activation response from signaling events to effector functions is not well understood. (nature.com)
In addition, the mechanism behind how GML mediates suppressed T cell activation is completely unknown. (nature.com)
To directly address these questions, we mechanistically characterized how GML affects human primary T cell activation. (nature.com)
However, no studies have comprehensively examined the effects of TCR-mediated T cell activation or identified potential mechanisms for the effects of GML on TCR-mediated T cell activation. (nature.com)
One of the new emerging mechanisms associated with the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and other tumors is the immune checkpoint pathway, which consists of cellular interactions that prevent excessive activation of T cells under normal conditions. (oncotarget.com)
Melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells were shunted to the lung in the presence of the infection, where they expressed high levels of inflammation-induced cell-activation blocker PD-1, and became incapable of migrating back to the tumor site. (ebi.ac.uk)
The role that T cell receptor (TCR) activation and feedback loops play in the underlying processes are also highlighted and discussed. (ebi.ac.uk)
Following B-cell receptor activation, 2 waves of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation occur. (medscape.com)
Ghassemi and her colleagues demonstrated that functional CAR T cells can be generated within 24 hours from T cells derived from peripheral blood without the need for T-cell activation or ex vivo expansion. (aabb.org)
Efficient reprogramming of T cells with a CAR in as little as 24 hours in a more simplified manufacturing process without T cell activation or extensive culture outside the body also offers the possibility of expanding where and when these therapies are produced. (aabb.org)

The accumulation of CD28(-) T cells, particularly within the CD8 subset, is one of the most prominent changes during T-cell homeostasis and function associated with aging in humans. (nih.gov)
The antigen receptor loci are the only loci in humans to undergo programmed somatic gene modification. (lu.se)

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Autologous as well as allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with tumor antigen specific T cell receptors (TCR) may cause significant tumor lysis upon adoptive transfer. (oncotarget.com)
This manuscript describes the application of newly developed nanodiagnostic assays to analyze the function of immune cells used in adoptive cell transfer for patients with melanoma. (ca.gov)
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of genetically engineered T cells expressing cancer-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) is a promising cancer treatment. (ca.gov)

Research Objective We propose to generate NK cells with enhanced immunity from gene-edited human PSCs and use the resultant NK cells to kill SARS-CoV-2-infected cells to combat against COVID-19. (ca.gov)
Rubtsova K, Rubtsov AV, Thurman JM, Mennona JM, Kappler JW and Marrack P. B cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet drive lupus-like immunity. (nationaljewish.org)
Rubtsova, K., Rubtsov, A. V., Cancro, M. P. & Marrack , P . Age-Associated B Cells: A T-bet-Dependent Effector with Roles in Protective and Pathogenic Immunity. (nationaljewish.org)
T-cell therapies based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are widely employed for this purpose, as they have the capacity to proliferate within the patient after infusion and offer sustained functional immunity. (ddw-online.com)
Only the mucosa has these T cells, which serve as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. (pharmacygyan.com)
Second, it elicits robust and durable humoral and cellular immunity against vector-encoded heterologous antigens. (bvsalud.org)
Single-cell RNA sequencing and multiple bioinformatics methods to identify the immunity and ferroptosis related biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infections to ischemic stroke. (cdc.gov)
Additive effects of booster mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection on T cell immunity across immunocompromised states. (cdc.gov)

NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
B and T cells, type 2 dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells share a common ancestor: common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). (medscape.com)
CLP differentiates into 2 intermediate progenitors: early B cells and T/NK/dendritic trilineage cells. (medscape.com)
Memory cells travel to the primary follicle, where, after exposure to dendritic cells, they differentiate into centroblasts (immunoglobulin class-switch). (medscape.com)
Defective migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in LAD-1 immunodeficiency. (lu.se)

The histocompatibility 60 (H60) was originally identified as a transplant rejection antigen and it is a family of murine cell surface glycoproteins contains three members: H60a, H60b, H60c. (wikipedia.org)
The response of a B cell to antigen is dependent on the surface expression of a clonotypic B-cell receptor complex (BCR) consisting of membrane-bound Ig and disulfide-linked heterodimers of Ig alpha/beta. (nih.gov)
On their surface, these special white blood cells carry a receptor that recognizes antigens . (news-medical.net)
They carry a special receptor called the T-cell receptor on their surface that recognizes antigens - small protein fragments of bacteria, viruses and infected or cancerous body cells - which are presented by specialized immune complexes. (news-medical.net)
Siglecs are cell surface receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that recognize sugar antigens. (biolegend.com)
Anti-glycine receptor (GlyR) autoantibodies belong to the novel group of autoantibodies that target neuronal cell-surface antigens (NCS), which are accompanied with various neurologic and neuropsychiatric conditions. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Apolipoprotein B-100 allows LDLs to attach to specific receptors on the surface of cells, particularly in the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
The altered protein prevents LDLs from effectively attaching to their receptors on the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

To maximize performance, it is strongly recommended that the reagent be titrated for each application, and that you centrifuge the antibody dilution before adding to the cells at 14,000xg at 2 - 8°C for 10 minutes. (biolegend.com)
Distinct molecular forms of human T cell receptor gamma/delta detected on viable T cells by a monoclonal antibody. (bdbiosciences.com)
Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies refer to diseases resulting from impaired antibody production due to either molecular defects intrinsic to B-cells or a failure of interaction between B-cells and T-cells. (medscape.com)
Secondary B lymphopoiesis is an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the germinal center of peripheral lymphoid organs with specific antibody production. (medscape.com)
Centroblasts progress to centrocytes with high-affinity antibody production, then differentiate further to long-term memory cells and plasmablasts. (medscape.com)
The human immune system is capable of producing up to 10 9 different antibody species to interact with a wide range of antigens. (medscape.com)
Applications Tested: This HIB19 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
The candidate encoding the longest RBD variant (VB2060) demonstrated high secretion of a functional protein and induced rapid and dose-dependent RBD IgG antibody responses that persisted up to at least 3 months after a single dose of the vaccine in mice. (biorxiv.org)
It was hypothesized that imbalance of motoneuronal inhibition by functional impairment of GlyR and receptor internalization are direct consequences of antibody-antigen interference. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The following product was used in this experiment: CD202b (TIE2) Monoclonal Antibody (TEK4), Functional Grade, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 16-5987-82, RRID AB_469188. (thermofisher.com)
Applications Tested: The TEK4 antibody has been tested by blocking of staining with fluorochrome conjugated TEK4 on mouse bone marrow cells. (thermofisher.com)

This is a mathematical mechanistic immunobiochemical model that incorporates T cell pathways that control programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression. (ebi.ac.uk)
Here, we proceed to ground the experimental observations in a mechanistic immunobiochemical model that incorporates T cell pathways that control PD-1 expression. (ebi.ac.uk)
The project has been structured in 3 main pathways or "tracks": a Discovery track, aiming at designing gp41-based antigens (Ag) using an iterative improvement process, and two development tracks (Parenteral and Mucosal) to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the Ags and the optimal administration conditions before selecting the most promising candidate for clinical development. (europa.eu)

PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
Human iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor expressing macrophages for improved cancer treatment. (ca.gov)

We studied the relationship between KIR-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) combinations and the clinical outcomes of patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD). (cdc.gov)
Antiviral CD8 + T Cells Restricted by Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Exist during Natural HIV Infection and Exhibit Clonal Expansion. (nationaljewish.org)

Lanier LL, Ruitenberg J, Bolhuis RL, Borst J, Phillips JH, Testi R. Structural and serological heterogeneity of gamma/delta T cell antigen receptor expression in thymus and peripheral blood. (bdbiosciences.com)
Secondary T lymphopoiesis is also an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the thymus. (medscape.com)
While the reduced formation of naïve T-cells can be attributed to the regression of the thymus gland, the naïve B-cells are a consequence of age-related, fatty bone marrow degeneration. (medscape.com)

Cell therapies produced from the UDC line will not be rejected by a patient's immune system. (ca.gov)
There is an unmet need to develop novel therapies for refractory/relapsed MM. In the past few years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell therapy for MM has shown promising efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. (biomedcentral.com)
This innovative approach is remarkable in that it may be able to help patients who might otherwise not be able to benefit from CAR T cell therapy such as those with rapidly progressing cancer due to significant time currently need to generate these therapies," Ghassemi said . (aabb.org)
As such, preserving the integrity of sensitive samples is a daily challenge for cell culture laboratories in their search for innovative new therapies. (ddw-online.com)
For research purposes, autologous cell therapies are often favoured because they do not require immunological matching and are personalised to the patient. (ddw-online.com)
Immuno-oncology therapies typically use genetically modified T-cells to combat and kill cancerous tissue by identifying the cancer cells as a foreign body in need of attack. (ddw-online.com)
These innovative therapies rely on the use of techniques and technologies that minimise the risk of contamination and achieve the strictly-controlled, secure environment necessary for growing healthy, viable cells. (ddw-online.com)
While cell therapies show great promise in bringing innovative and much needed treatments to patients, there are a number of key issues currently limiting their broader adoption. (ddw-online.com)
Safety concerns over the administration of live cells to patients, uncertainties over the way in which these therapies should be regulated, unknown downstream effects and the need for sufficient investment to fully commercialise research are all challenges that must be overcome in order to accelerate further development of cell therapies. (ddw-online.com)
The regulations surrounding cell therapies must therefore be sufficiently broad to cover this wide range of therapeutic processes, while still safeguarding product safety and quality. (ddw-online.com)
From a manufacturing point of view, autologous cell therapies can be more challenging to produce than allogeneic cell therapies, as each dose is a single batch and is derived from a different source. (ddw-online.com)

related to other transmembrane receptors. (who.int)

Tumor growth diminished 5 times and tumor weight reduced 50-80% when compared with the anti-CAIX CAR T cells alone in a humanized mice model of ccRCC. (oncotarget.com)
Class II major histocompatibility complex mutant mice to study the germline bias of T cell antigen receptors. (nationaljewish.org)
Metal-specific CD4+ T-cell responses induced by beryllium exposure in HLA-DP2 transgenic mice. (nationaljewish.org)
Atheroprotection was also documented in apoe(-/-) mice lacking functional transforming growth factor-beta receptors on T cells. (lu.se)

Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)
This effect was accompanied by induction of regulatory T cells that markedly suppressed effector T cells rechallenged with apoB-100 and increased numbers of interleukin (IL)-10(+) CD4(+) T cells. (lu.se)
To this end, supported by research demonstrating superior antitumor function of naïve derived effector T cells compared to central memory derived effector T cells, I am investigating whether preferential modification of naïve T cells to express CARs will generate a T cell subpopulation with increased efficacy. (stanford.edu)

T cells recognize a few high-affinity antigens among a vast array of lower affinity antigens. (nature.com)
Most CARs that are being evaluated in current clinical and preclinical studies recognize self-antigens that are expressed by normal tissues as well as malignant cells. (ashpublications.org)
Autoreactive T cells specific for insulin B:11-23 recognize a low-affinity peptide register in human subjects with autoimmune diabetes. (nationaljewish.org)

These insights into the nature of TCR assembly and the unusual cell membrane architecture reveal the basis of antigen recognition and receptor signaling. (nanotech-now.com)
After TCR identification, we generated HLA-A*02:01/peptide restricted TCR transgenic T cells by retroviral transduction and tested T cell expansion rates as well as A*02:01/peptide recognition and ES killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)
TCR transgenic T cells demonstrated HLA-A*02:01/ADRB3 295 mediated ES recognition and killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)

The subsequent recovery of these receptors in vivo and in vitro may be due to the binding of 'fluid-phase' Fcγ-receptors found in normal human serum. (karger.com)
The anti-PD-L1 IgG1 isotype, which is capable of mediating ADCC, was also able to recruit human NK cells to the tumor site in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, in murine xenograft models of human leukemias, investigators found that the rapidly generated non-activated CAR T cells exhibited higher anti-leukemic in vivo activity per cell than the corresponding activated CAR T cells produced using the standard protocol. (aabb.org)
Here, we investigate the in vivo functional activity and dynamics of the transferred cells by analyzing samples from 3 representative patients with melanoma enrolled in a clinical trial of ACT with TCR transgenic T cells targeted against the melanosomal antigen MART-1. (ca.gov)

All these proteins function as stress-induced ligands for NKG2D receptor. (wikipedia.org)
1978. Altered erythrocyte membrane proteins in sickle cell patients associated with the severity of the disease. (mote.org)

Although low-affinity ligands induced phosphorylation of the Cd3 chains of the T cell receptor and the interaction of Cd3 with the Zap70 kinase as strongly as high-affinity ligands, they failed to activate Zap70 to the same extent. (nature.com)
As a result, formation of the signalosome of the Lat adaptor was severely impaired with low- compared with high-affinity ligands, whereas formation of the signalosome of the Cd6 receptor was affected only partially. (nature.com)

Engagement of the highly polymorphic domain II of the P. vivax Duffy-binding protein (DBPII) with the erythrocyte's Duffy Ag receptor for chemokines (DARC) is essential. (tropmedres.ac)

BCMA, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, is exclusively expressed in a subpopulation of B cells, normal plasma cells, and malignant plasma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In fetal liver and adult bone marrow, Tie-2 is expressed by a subpopulation of hematopoietic progenitor cells characterized as Lineage markers^-, c-Kit^+, Sca1^+ cells. (thermofisher.com)

These findings may provide insight into the mechanisms by which the BCR, and other such multimeric receptor complexes, initiate both apoptotic and proliferative responses to antigen. (nih.gov)
Rubtsova, K, Rubtsov, AV Halemano K, Sam LX, Kappler JW , Sanitago ML and Marrack P . T cell production of IFNg in response to TLR7/IL12 stimulates optimal B cell responses to viruses. (nationaljewish.org)
Detection of T cell responses to a ubiquitous cellular protein in autoimmune disease. (nationaljewish.org)
Conclusion-Nasal administration of an apoB-100 peptide fused to CTB attenuates atherosclerosis and induces regulatory Tr1 cells that inhibit T effector responses to apoB-100. (lu.se)
T cell responses were detected already at day 7, and were subsequently characterized to be multifunctional CD8 + and Th1 dominated CD4 + T cells. (biorxiv.org)
Some roadblocks for a successful cancer vaccine in the clinic include the tumor antigen of choice, the adjuvants employed to strengthen antitumor-specific immune responses, and the risks associated with enhancing immune-related adverse effects in patients. (bvsalud.org)
First, MVA is an excellent inducer of innate immune responses leading to type I interferon secretion and induction of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune responses. (bvsalud.org)

Research Objective Universal Pluripotent Liver Failure Therapy (UPLiFT) is composed of 2 lines- UPLiFT0 ( from LiPSC-GR1.1) and UPLiFT1 which will be derived from gene edited universal human pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
Research Objective We will produce a universal donor cell (UDC) line by gene editing an embryonic stem cell line. (ca.gov)
Gene expression analyses reveal profound changes of CD28(-) T cells in comparison to their CD28(+) counterparts and corroborate their functional differences. (nih.gov)
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), also known as Bruton agammaglobulinemia, results from a mutation of the BTK gene, which encodes the pre-B-cell receptor (Pre-BCR) and BCR. (medscape.com)
Lentiviruses are generally used gene switch vectors for getting ready CAR-T cells, and the situations for getting ready CAR-T cells range significantly. (kashbiotech.com)
To characterize the types of by-products of somatic hypermutation, we analyzed aberrant rearrangements involving the immunoglobulin loci in a human B-cell line (Ramos) that performs Ig V gene hypermutation constitutively during culture. (lu.se)
Non-XLA is the result of mu heavy-chain gene deficiency that leads to abortive production of IgM and failure of B-cell development. (medscape.com)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

Our data reveal that the widely used anti-microbial agent GML also alters the lipid dynamics of human T cells, leading to their defective signaling and function. (nature.com)

However, Ig alpha, Ig beta, and most of the other receptor chains that contain ITAMs, including CD3 epsilon, CD3 gamma, TCR zeta, and Fc epsilon Rl gamma, are found as components of multimeric and heterogeneous complexes. (nih.gov)
However, how this signaling pathway is activated has remained a mystery until now - despite the fact that the T-cell receptor is one of the most extensively studied receptor protein complexes. (news-medical.net)
Once they had successfully achieved this, the researchers used a trick to fish those receptors out of the preparation that had survived the process and were still functional: due to the strong interaction between the receptor complex and the antigen, they were able to 'fish' one of the most medically important immune receptor complexes. (news-medical.net)

Cells 10: 3356, Nov 2021. (upenn.edu)

The effector capability of NK cells has been described in a wide range of viral infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and human cytomegalovirus infection ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
Research Objective Functional human islet like organoids differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
Research Objective The expected outcome is a therapeutic candidate, allogeneic HSC-engineered HLA-I/II-negative human iNKT cells, that can potentially be used as an off-the-shelf cellular therapy for treating cancer. (ca.gov)
In this study, we have mechanistically examined if GML affects the signaling and functional output of human primary T cells. (nature.com)
To address these knowledge gaps, we treated human activated peripheral blood T cells (APBTs) with solubilized GML or ethanol vehicle control. (nature.com)
15 We have recently conducted experiments that demonstrated enhanced in vitro survival of human T cells that were transduced with an ErbB2-specific CAR when the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ domain of the CAR were inactivated. (ashpublications.org)
Identification of shared TCR sequences from T cells in human breast cancer using emulsion RT-PCR. (nationaljewish.org)
And fourth, its replication deficit in human cells ensures a excellent safety profile. (bvsalud.org)

and (5) some of the daughter cells will act as progenitor cells. (pharmacygyan.com)

Here, serum samples of four patients were tested for anti-GlyR autoantibodies and were used for the analysis of the functional impact on the electrophysiological properties of recombinant GlyRs, transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
For example, serum diisocyanate antigen-specific IgE and IgG have been extensively investigated, but these immunoassays lack diagnostic accuracy in identifying workers with confirmed DA. (cdc.gov)

Functional and phenotypic differences between CD4+ and CD4- T cell receptor-γ δ clones from peripheral blood. (bdbiosciences.com)

iii) at the same time, virus-specific cells adapt to strong stimulation by their cognate antigen by lowering the transiently-elevated expression of PD-1, remaining functional and mobile in the inflamed lung, while the infection is cleared. (ebi.ac.uk)

CD11c-Expressing B Cells Are Located at the T Cell/B Cell Border in Spleen and Are Potent APCs. (nationaljewish.org)
Extramedullary hematopoiesis may occur in the spleen, liver, and other sites that have the potential for blood cell formation. (msdmanuals.com)
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)

We hypothesized lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1, CD107a) to be a marker for fratricide in TCR transgenic CD8 + T cells. (oncotarget.com)
Results were compared to CHM1 319 -TCR transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
Amino-acid exchange scans clearly indicated the cross-reactive potential of HLA-A*02:01/ADRB3 295 - and HLA-A*02:01/CHM1 319 -TCR transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
Comparison of peptide motive binding affinities revealed extended fratricide among ADRB3 295 specific TCR transgenic T cells in contrast to CHM1 319 . (oncotarget.com)
A transgenic dominant-negative Nur77 protein can inhibit the apoptotic process accompanying negative selection in thymocytes, while constitutive expression of Nur77 leads to massive cell death. (duke.edu)

In addition, the isolation and storage of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells have been used to rebuild the immune system for the treatment of hematological malignancies and might be promising for the dynamic equilibrium expansion of functional T cells [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
NK cells, among other cells, are key effector cells of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in the antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
The immune system of vertebrates is a powerful weapon against external pathogens and cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)
The results of this study suggest that there is a need to maintain immune cell function long term, providing further support for the need to use stem cells to regenerate a cancer-fighting immune system. (ca.gov)

Impact Providing the immediate cell therapeutic candidate for clinical trial of diabetic patients. (ca.gov)
In parallel to my clinical training, I constructed an AML specific CAR and demonstrated its ability to redirect T cell function mediating eradication of AML cells. (stanford.edu)
According to investigators, the study is a catalyst for more clinical research to investigate how the engineered CAR T cells, through this shortened approach, may work in patients who would otherwise be ineligible for CAR T-cell therapy. (aabb.org)
What's good about this is that the T- and B-cells age together, but all a little differently, each system by itself," said Thomas Dörner, MD, PhD, head of consultation hours for clinical hemostaseology at the Charité University Hospitals in Berlin, Germany. (medscape.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms14

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs132

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Chimeric antigen receptors3

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen1

Molecules11

Binds5

Proliferation9

Ligand13

Immunotherapy15

Monoclonal antibodies3

CD1923

Lymphocytes10

Antibodies7

Specificity2

Characterization1

Signal Transduction2

Platelet-Derive2

Lymphocyte5

Protein tyrosi1

Immunol1

Inhibitory3

Cytokine4

Tumor cells3

Differentiation3

Apoptosis9

Activation18

Humans2

Adoptive4

Immunity8

Dendritic5

Surface9

Antibody12

Pathways3

Macrophages2

Leukocyte2

Thymus3

Therapies11

Transmembrane1

Mice4

Effector T cel3

Recognize3

Recognition3

Vivo5

Proteins2

Ligands2

Duffy Binding Protein1

Subpopulation2

Responses7

Gene8

Defective1

Complexes3

20211

Human9

Progenitor cells1

Serum2

Peripheral blood1

Stimulation1

Spleen3

Transgenic5

Immune system4

Clinical4