AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
HydrolysisProstaglandinsPhospholipase DProstaglandins EPhospholipases A2Prostaglandins FPhospholipases AType C PhospholipasesDinoprostonePhospholipasesProstaglandin D2Prostaglandins AReceptors, Prostaglandin EProstaglandin AntagonistsPhospholipase C gammaReceptors, ProstaglandinPhosphoinositide Phospholipase CProstaglandins DPhospholipase C betaPhospholipase A2 InhibitorsDinoprostProstaglandin-Endoperoxide SynthasesReceptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 SubtypeReceptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 SubtypeIndomethacinArachidonic AcidAlprostadilReceptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 SubtypePhospholipases A1Prostaglandins, SyntheticIsoenzymesKineticsProstaglandins E, SyntheticArachidonic AcidsProstaglandins HPhospholipase C deltaCyclooxygenase 2PhosphatidylinositolsGroup IV Phospholipases A2Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 SubtypeGroup II Phospholipases A2Receptors, Phospholipase A2Enzyme ActivationProstaglandin H2Phosphatidic AcidsProstaglandin EndoperoxidesPhosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-LyaseIntramolecular OxidoreductasesCyclooxygenase InhibitorsCalciumPhospholipases A2, SecretoryCyclooxygenase 1DiglyceridesCells, CulturedLysophospholipaseEstrenesProstaglandins F, SyntheticProstaglandins BEpoprostenolAdenosine TriphosphateSubstrate SpecificityGroup VI Phospholipases A2Inositol PhosphatesSignal TransductionProstaglandin Endoperoxides, SyntheticQuinacrineProstaglandins GMolecular Sequence DataGlycerophospholipidsPhospholipidsPhosphatidylcholinesPyrrolidinonesCell LineEnzyme InhibitorsAmino Acid SequenceCytosolHydroxyprostaglandin DehydrogenasesPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-DiphosphateDose-Response Relationship, DrugEicosanoids6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alphaPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesLysophosphatidylcholinesProtein Kinase CThromboxane B2Phospholipases A2, CytosolicCyclic AMPRabbitsCell MembraneCattle1-ButanolGTP-Binding ProteinsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMeclofenamic AcidGuanosine TriphosphateCalcimycinChromatography, Thin LayerCyclooxygenase 2 InhibitorsTime FactorsBinding Sites
Membrane phospholipidsPhospholipids by phospholipaseCatalyzes the hydrolysisCytosolic phospholipaseIntracellularLipidArachidonic acidEnzymeEicosanoidsThromboxaneProliferationEnzymesBiologicalSynthesisCyclooxygenasePhysiologicalMutationsPathwaysReactionCellular functionsProductionMonoacylglycerolsTissueVenomGlucoseActivityProteinFetalNeuronalOrgansMetabolismOrganFormationGroupEssentialHighMainUnknown
Membrane phospholipids3
Phospholipids by phospholipase1
  • The endocannabinoid 2-AG is normally regarded as produced through hydrolysis of phospholipids by phospholipase C (PLC) or release a diacylglycerols (DAG) and Ophiopogonin D' degradation of DAG by diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) or (Gao et al. (tuskonus.org)
Catalyzes the hydrolysis1
  • This process is completed when amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4-glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides to yield dextrins, oligosaccharides, maltose and D-glucose. (tlsslim.com)
Cytosolic phospholipase3
  • Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4A gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2009). Rather, there can be an anatomical demarcation in enzymes that regulate this process in which MAGL plays this role not only in the brain, but also in the liver and lung, whereas cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is the dominant AA-releasing enzyme in gut, spleen and macrophages (Bonventre et al. (tuskonus.org)
Intracellular3
  • Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Group VIB Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2gamma promotes cellular membrane hydrolysis and prostaglandin production in a manner distinct from other intracellular phospholipases A2. (rhea-db.org)
  • Patient mutations function a high tyrosine of next N-glycans with an part of negative intracellular impacts, although the synapse cancer followed multi-step. (evakoch.com)
Lipid3
  • The lipid precursor phosphatidylethanolamine (PTLM), through the action of N -acyltransferase (NAT) and of arachidonic acid (ARa), leads to the formation of N -arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethonolamine (NAPE), which, through the action of NAPE-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), forms N -Arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide-AEA) and phosphatidic acid (PHa). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • One of them is represented by the phospholipase C (PLC), which acts on the lipid precursor phosphatidylinositol (PTLS) to form 1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DAG). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • PS lipase synthesizes lysophosphatidylserine, an important signaling lipid that functions in the mammalian central nervous system. (inrae.fr)
Arachidonic acid1
  • Lentiviral transfection of iPLA2gamma into HEK293 cells resulted in marked increases in spontaneous, stimulus-coupled, and cell death-associated release of arachidonic acid (AA), which was converted to prostaglandin E2 with preferred cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 coupling. (rhea-db.org)
Enzyme5
  • 2004). Although ABHD12 and ABHD6 may possess assignments in 2-AG hydrolysis using configurations, both hereditary and pharmacological inactivation of MAGL result in dramatic elevations in both mass amounts and depolarization-induced interstitial degrees of 2-AG in the mind, confirming that MAGL is definitely the principal enzyme involved with degrading 2-AG (Longer et al. (tuskonus.org)
  • Research show that DAGL may be the principal enzyme in human brain and spinal-cord, whereas DAGL has a primary function in the liver organ with modest assignments in the mind for 2-AG synthesis (Gao et al. (tuskonus.org)
  • These outcomes were quite astonishing since phospholipases have already been regarded as the prominent AA-releasing enzyme for prostaglandin creation (Buczynski et al. (tuskonus.org)
  • sPLA 2 isoforms have unique tissue and cellular distributions, and therefore it is evident that individual sPLA 2 s have distinct enzyme-activity-related biological functions. (ijbs.com)
  • Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the rate-limiting enzyme for hydrolysis of plasma lipoprotein triglycerides, is a normal constituent of the arterial wall. (jci.org)
Eicosanoids1
  • Prostacyclin (PGI2) is an associate from the prostanoid band of eicosanoids that regulate homeostasis, hemostasis, even muscle tissue function and irritation. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Thromboxane2
  • Prostanoids are made by the sequential activities of cyclooxygenase (COX) and particular prostanoid synthases to produce prostaglandin PGD2, PGE2, PGF2, prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) (Fig. 1). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • MAGL blockade decreases bulk AA amounts in the mind, to 2-AG elevation stoichiometrically, which also leads to a reduced amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory degrees of downstream COX-driven prostaglandin and thromboxane creation in the mind (Nomura et al. (tuskonus.org)
Proliferation1
  • Phospholipids are metabolic intermediates that have a role in the functioning and proliferation of plant cells [9]. (pdfplayer.org)
Enzymes6
  • 2010). However the participation of PLCs in DAG and 2-AG synthesis isn't yet completely elucidated, the creation of DAGL and -deficient mice provides cemented the assignments of the enzymes in 2-AG synthesis and endocannabinoid function. (tuskonus.org)
  • Enzymes are responsible for every activity of life including proteases (aid in digesting protein), amylases (aid in digesting carbohydrates), and lipases (aid in digesting fats) which are digestive enzymes, which function as the biological catalyst to breaking down food. (tlsslim.com)
  • Lactase are enzymes are involved in the hydrolysis of lactose into the smaller sugars galactose and glucose. (tlsslim.com)
  • Ivanušec A, Šribar J, Križaj I. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 - not just Enzymes: Revisited. (ijbs.com)
  • The physiological roles of sPLA 2 s as enzymes have been very well described, while their functions as ligands are still poorly known. (ijbs.com)
  • Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) (EC 3.1.1.4) are a structurally related group of low-molecular-mass enzymes (14-18 kDa) that catalyse the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids (phospholipids hereafter) at their sn -2 position, to produce lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. (ijbs.com)
Biological1
  • Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. (ijbs.com)
Synthesis2
  • Transfection of iPLA2gamma into HCA-7 cells also led to increased AA release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis via both COX-1 and COX-2, with a concomitant increase in cell growth. (rhea-db.org)
  • 2010). As well as the function of MAGL in terminating 2-AG signaling, we've discovered that MAGL produces AA lately, the precursor for pro-inflammatory prostaglandin synthesis using tissue. (tuskonus.org)
Cyclooxygenase1
  • Both can also be oxidized by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase, generating prostaglandins, ethanolamines, and several other intermediate subproducts [ 21 , 22 ]. (irjournal.org)
Physiological2
  • Growing evidence suggests that a major physiological function of the cannabinoid signaling system is to modulate neuroinflammation. (420magazine.com)
  • Proteases occur naturally in all organisms and are involved in a multitude of physiological reactions from simple digestion of food proteins to highly complex functions (e.g., blood clotting). (tlsslim.com)
Mutations1
  • Avec l'apport de la cuisson et de nouvelles mutations plus productives de FADS2, le volume cérébral a trouvé son apogée chez Homo neanderthalensis dans un écosystème alimentaire favorable en acide α-linolénique et DHA. (ocl-journal.org)
Pathways1
  • Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
Reaction2
  • The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reaction is an intramolecular nucleophilic reaction and requires Mg 2+ as a cofactor, whose function is to decrease the overall negative charge on the ATP by complexing with two of its negatively charged oxygen. (pancreapedia.org)
Cellular functions2
  • In this study, we examined the cellular functions of group VIB iPLA2gamma. (rhea-db.org)
  • Mitochondria are the center of many diverse cellular functions integrating signals between the organelle and the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
Production1
  • Many endocrine glands are organs whose primary functions are the production and secretion of hormones. (50webs.org)
Monoacylglycerols2
  • 2010). MAGL blockade displays tissue-specific distinctions in monoacylglycerol fat burning capacity, with the mind showing one of the most dramatic elevations in 2-AG and peripheral tissue often showing better changes in various other monoacylglycerols, in keeping with the lipolytic function of MAGL as the ultimate stage of triglyceride hydrolysis in peripheral tissue (Long et al. (tuskonus.org)
  • showed hydrolysis of medium-chain saturated (C14:0), long-chain unsaturated (C18:1, C18:2, C20:4) monoacylglycerols (MAGs) and 15-deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2-2-glycerol ester (15d-PGJ2-G). Only marginal diacylglycerol (DAG), triacylglycerol (TAG), or lysophospholipase activity PANTHER PTHR12277:SF54 There are two genes ABHD16 A and B in amniotes. (inrae.fr)
Tissue1
  • Although inflammation serves as a protective function in controlling infections and promoting tissue repair, it can also cause tissue damage and disease. (420magazine.com)
Venom1
  • Bothropstoxin-I (BthTx-I) is a Lys49-phospholipase A 2 (Lys49-PLA 2 ) from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu, which despite of the lack of catalytic activity induces myotoxicity, inflammation and pain. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose1
  • Cerebral function requires the cooperative interaction between different cell types, namely neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, and depends on high metabolic activity supported by continuous supply of oxygen and glucose from the blood ( Siesjö, 1978 ). (frontiersin.org)
Activity3
  • Cerebral function is associated with exceptionally high metabolic activity, and requires continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review state-of-the-art MR methods to study brain function and metabolism in vivo , and their contribution to the current understanding of how astrocytic energy metabolism supports glutamatergic activity and cerebral function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
Protein1
  • ABHD16A (abhydrolase domain-containing protein 16A, phospholipase) encodes the major phosphatidylserine (PS) lipase in the brain. (inrae.fr)
Fetal3
  • The PGI2/TXA2 stability is particularly important in the legislation of maternal and fetal vascular function during being pregnant and in the newborn. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • The fetal testis, whose endocrine function orchestrates the masculinization of many distant organs, is particularly sensitive to disruption by xenobiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuronal1
  • Editorial: Glial heterogeneity: impact on neuronal function and dysfunction. (unil.ch)
Organs1
  • These organs may be categorized as endocrine glands even though they serve other functions as well. (50webs.org)
Metabolism1
  • Shedding light on the role of astrocytes in brain metabolism, the earlier picture of astrocytes being restricted to a scaffold-associated function in the brain is now out of date. (frontiersin.org)
Organ2
  • These effects manifest in the degree to which the return of normal organ function is delayed or prevented after transplantation is completed. (medscape.com)
  • Techniques for organ preservation serve to minimize this damage to promote optimal graft survival and function. (medscape.com)
Formation1
  • Another pathway is represented by the action of ARa and phospholipase A1 on phosphatidylinositol, which leads to the formation of 2-arachidonoyl-lysophospholipid (lysoPI). (encyclopedia.pub)
Group1
  • Although group VIA Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2beta (iPLA2beta) has been implicated in various cellular events, the functions of other iPLA2 isozymes remain largely elusive. (rhea-db.org)
Essential1
High1
  • Its function is dependent on its high gel to sol phase transition temperature (41°C) and consequently, DPPC is a solid material at body temperature. (gerli.com)
Main1
  • There are two main groups of cyclic nucleotides: the canonical or well-established and the non-canonical or unknown-function cyclic nucleotides. (pancreapedia.org)
Unknown1
  • Function of its members is unknown. (inrae.fr)