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Algiers believes it must continue buying Russian arms while feeling increasingly threatened by the situation in Western Sahara and Moroccan-Israeli normalization. (thefrontierpost.com)
In a letter made public on March 18, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez endorsed a Moroccan plan of autonomy for Western Sahara, a clear break with Madrid's long-established policy that the disputed territory's status should be decided by a referendum. (foreignpolicy.com)
The 'New Colonialism': the case of Western Sahara Senior International Program Officer (Africa) at War on Want Tom Lebert writes on permits given to British companies by the Moroccan government to explore for oil and gas in the Western Sahara. (jadaliyya.com)
The Trump administration as part of this so-called Abraham Accords bought off Morocco by supporting Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara," said Mr. Fletcher. (finalcall.com)
Additionally, media reports said the deal included an alleged $3 billion investment package for Moroccan banks, hotels and a renewable energy company owned by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, said the New York Times. (finalcall.com)
All involved companies have teamed up with the Moroccan government's state owned oil company ONHYM outside of Morocco's internationally recognized borders - in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
The oil companies' activities in Western Sahara through a deal with the Moroccan government will give Morocco even less incentive to engage in peace talks and fulfill its duties under international law. (wsrw.org)
The United States and Canada, among others, have been very clear that they do not recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Robert Zoellick, then the United States Trade Representative, stated in 2004 in reference to the Free Trade Agreement between the USA and Morocco that "The United States … do not recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara" and added that "the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) covers trade and investment in the territory of Morocco as recognized internationally, and does not include Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Money from phosphate extraction and trade goes directly to the Moroccan state-owned company located in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
This led to a reported shortage of gas in both Morocco and also Spain, which had previously received gas supplies through the Gazoduc Maghreb Europe (GME) pipeline, despite claims made by Moroccan officials that the move would have little impact. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
The Algerians are with the Moroccan team", he said, noting both North African nations were home to the Berber people. (enca.com)
Among those expected to address the forum are government leaders, such as Moroccan minister of Energy, Mines, and Sustainable Development Aziz Rebbah, who will join industry experts to discuss varying perspectives on LPG related to commercial and environment issues. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Advocacy groups like the Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) contest the legality of foreign businesses, like Kosmos, working with the Moroccan government to exploit Western Saharan resources. (ipsnews.net)
WASHINGTON, Mar 11 2014 (IPS) - Even as U.S. and Moroccan executives meet to discuss strengthening private sector ties between the two countries, advocacy groups are raising concerns about plans by a U.S. energy firm to explore for oil in the contested territory known as Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
The Moroccan government hopes to capitalise on its 2006 free trade agreement with the United States and encourage U.S. investment in the country by presenting it as a gateway to European, Middle Eastern and African markets. (ipsnews.net)
There's a lot going on in Morocco, and the question is how can it leverage what it has to attract American investments to Morocco that can then be directed to a European market or south to the African markets," Jean AbiNader, the executive director of the Moroccan American Trade and Investment Centre, a non-profit established by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, told IPS. (ipsnews.net)
While international investors in renewable energy have long favoured Morocco, enabling the construction of solar plants and wind farms, U.S. and European corporations are also rushing to take advantage of concessions for possible oil reserves, some of which are potentially located in the Western Sahara, which many people view as under Moroccan occupation. (ipsnews.net)
Sahrawis [indigenous Western Saharans] are standing on the sidelines of this project, waving their arms and telling companies to stop doing this on behalf of the Moroccan government. (ipsnews.net)
Unlike Morocco, the Polisario Front did not want to allow Moroccan settlers in the Western Sahara to participate in the referendum. (ipsnews.net)
To date, no other state recognises Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara, which is on the United Nations list of Non Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)
While no other country than the United States has ever recognized Morocco's unilateral annexation of Western Sahara , [2] [3] a number of countries have expressed their support for a future recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom . (decisivechro276.cfd)
The UN recognizes neither Moroccan [5] nor SADR sovereignty over Western Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Moroccan settlers currently make up more than two thirds of the 500,000 inhabitants of Western Sahara . (decisivechro276.cfd)
According to the Moroccan government, in 1958 the Moroccan Army of Liberation fought Spanish colonizers and almost liberated what was then Spanish Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
A survey by the Moroccan news website Le Desk and the international media freedom NGO Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has identified the Moroccan media sector's leading players and their interests outside the media. (rsf.org)
We are working expeditiously to ensure American citizens in Morocco are safe, and stand ready to provide any necessary assistance for the Moroccan people. (ozarksfirst.com)
This Master's thesis is a sociolinguistic case study about intra-sentential code-switching, also known as code-mixing, between colloquial Moroccan Arabic and French. (lu.se)
The data is collected by arranged interviews with focus groups consisting of university students in Rabat, Morocco, in order to investigate the trends and the extent of the occurrence of French in speech situations where intra- sentential code-switching between colloquial Moroccan Arabic and French is present. (lu.se)

The situation in Ukraine, which dangerously escalates tensions between Russia - Algeria's strategic partner and main arms supplier - and the North African country's Western partners, is a major test for Algerian non-alignment on the international stage. (thefrontierpost.com)
Earlier this month, the Italian energy giant ENI stated that it expects a doubling of Italian imports of Algerian gas by 2024 and a 50 percent increase in Algeria's gas exports to France is possible. (thefrontierpost.com)
Foreign Minister Tanja Fajon and Infrastructure Minister Bojan Kumer went to Algeria earlier this month to secure a deal between Sonatrach (Algeria's national state-owned oil company) and Geoplin (Slovenia's largest distributor of natural gas) whereby Algeria will cover one third of the Central European country's gas needs for the upcoming three years beginning on January 1, 2023. (thefrontierpost.com)
The"barbaric attack," as described by Ennahar, Algeria's national broadcaster, killed 3 Algerians and generated a large outpour of rage from the Algerian government. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
In his talks with Secretary Clinton, President Bouteflika spoke of Algeria's historic role as a mediator between Bamako and the Tuaregs, an ethnic Berber people who inhabit parts of Mali and other nations in the Sahara region. (voanews.com)
Efforts are being made to cut links between the Mali extremists and organized crime and drug cartels, the officials say, and to have Algeria's foreign ministry organize more regular contacts with counterparts in Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, and Tunisia. (voanews.com)
Algeria's top envoy to Iraq, another diplomat, and their driver were abducted Thursday in a western Baghdad neighborhood, police and embassy employees said. (wn.com)
The line was 460 km long and sealed off Algeria's eastern and western borders to prevent FLN guerrillas from entering the colony from Tunisia and Morocco. (montrealserai.com)

President: Abdelmadjid Tebboune Prime Minister: Aymen Benabderrahmane Ongoing - COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria 5 February - 2022 Algerian Council of the Nation elections 7 March - French forces confirm reports that they killed Algerian-born senior al-Qaeda official Yahia Djouadi in a drone strike in February. (wikipedia.org)
8 June - Algeria suspends a 20-year friendship treaty with Spain, and bans all imports from Spain, amid a disagreement over the Spanish government's position on the disputed Western Sahara. (wikipedia.org)
Although this approach has effectively se-rved Algerian interests, the longer this conflict rages on, Algeria will find neutrality harder to maintain. (thefrontierpost.com)
Some Western pundits and lawmakers in Washington accuse Algeria of backing Russia in this war. (thefrontierpost.com)
Although the Russians do not want to see Algeria uphold its energy agreements with European powers (let alone help them amid the ongoing global energy crisis), Algiers is choosing to play a role that is useful to Western powers amid this war. (thefrontierpost.com)
By the same token, Algeria has not bowed to Western pressure to end its dealings with Russia, nor taken official stances against Moscow over Ukraine. (thefrontierpost.com)
Algiers views growing Western support for Morocco on this front as problematic and reason to safeguard strong relations with Russia despite Moscow not necessarily being too supportive of Algeria on this file. (thefrontierpost.com)
The Sahrawis make up 500,000 people, with 170,000 living in UN administered refugee camps in Algeria and who fled a vicious independence war against Morocco that began in 1976. (finalcall.com)
In February 1976, the Polisario Front declared Western Sahara to be the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), with the support of allies that included Algeria. (finalcall.com)
The contract will not radically change the military balance between Morocco and Algeria but has been signed just as hostilities are resuming against Polisario in Western Sahara. (africaintelligence.com)
Mohammed VI's army is about to place a second order for armed Bayraktar TB2 drones manufactured by Turkey's Baykar as tensions mount with Western Sahara and neighbouring Algeria. (africaintelligence.com)
With diplomatic relations with Algeria suspended since August, Morocco has been going ahead with changes to the arrangements for protecting the very strategic border with its neighbour, in part by conducting large-scale mine-clearing operations in order to recover farmable land. (africaintelligence.com)
A France-based association of friends of the Saharawi Arab Republic (the disputed territory of Western Sahara) is preparing to send a delegation to camps in Algeria to meet refugees and Polisario front leaders. (africaintelligence.com)
With Israel's normalization, the feud between Algeria and Morocco is escalating. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Dubbed North Africa's new 'Cold War', the tensions between Morocco and neighboring Algeria threaten to escalate and the consequences of this have a lot more to do with Western meddling in the affairs of the two countries than meets the eye. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Algeria justified its move further by citing examples, such as Morocco using the Israeli Pegasus spyware against Algerian officials, supporting terrorists groups, failing to uphold bilateral commitments, the normalisation of ties with Israel, and refusing to engage diplomatically on the Western Sahara issue. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Although many of the accusations made against Morocco by Algeria have been strongly denied, they nonetheless have a real impact on public perception of the two sides. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
He said that "first you are going to have them [Algeria and Morocco] seeking regional supremacy, through the arms race that we have been seeing for nearly a decade now, but also through the diplomatic race. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Saifi, who has been called the "bin Laden of the Sahara," was traveling with about 50 jihadists, some from Algeria, the rest from nearby African countries such as Mauritania and Nigeria. (villagevoice.com)
Chinese presence in Algeria has become the source of heated debates among Algerians as violent anti-Chinese clashes hit the Algerian capital. (afrik-news.com)
So the question then for the United States, for France, for Algeria, for other interested states, is how to support that force. (voanews.com)
Most of the continent lies in the tropics, except for a large part of Western Sahara , Algeria , Libya and Egypt , the northern tip of Mauritania , and the entire territories of Morocco , Ceuta , Melilla , and Tunisia which in turn are located above the tropic of Cancer , in the northern temperate zone . (wikipedia.org)
Algeria is sandwiched between Tunisia and Morocco on the north coast of Africa on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. (istizada.com)
Most people don't know that Algeria is actually the biggest country on the continent, nearly four and a half times larger than France. (istizada.com)
Algeria accused its neighbour Morocco of killing three people in an attack on the edge of the contested territory of Western Sahara on April 12. (vifdatabase.com)

In a bitter response, Morocco lifted border controls into Ceuta, one of Spain's small enclaves in North Africa, allowing some 10,000 migrants to cross the border and effectively creating a humanitarian crisis. (foreignpolicy.com)
Un documentaire anglais explore l'immense richesse musicale du Maroc English documentary "Morocco gateway to Africa" explores Morocco's musical and cultural diversity. (jadaliyya.com)
As President Joseph Biden has been reversing policies of his predecessor, questions are floating about what his administration will do concerning the issue of Western Sahara, a disputed territory in North West Africa where conflict has recently escalated into war. (finalcall.com)
Morocco possesses the "last colony in Africa" with its occupation of the Western Sahara, which it long claimed since 1957 as its southern province. (finalcall.com)
Lebovich is currently a doctoral candidate in African History at Columbia University in New York, where he studies religion, politics, and society in North Africa, the Sahara, and the Sahel. (ecfr.eu)
Keen to reassert Turkey's international status, and also to help Turkish companies to break into the African market, the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been spearheading a major diplomatic and business drive in Africa. (africaintelligence.com)
Tunisian sociologist Mohamed Jouili said the support for Morocco across North Africa was partly due to a shared history of French colonialism. (enca.com)
Business Brief: Key International LPG Forum to be held in Morocco as Country Readies to Build Tallest Skyscraper in Africa. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Although announced earlier this year, the final agreement was just initiated by the China Railway Construction Corporation, BMCE Bank of Africa, and Travaux Generaux de Construction de Casablanca, Morocco's leading construction company. (moroccoonthemove.com)
According to a report by the Arab Investment and Export Credit Guarantee Corporation, Morocco attracted $2.3 billion worth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2016, leading all North Africa countries. (moroccoonthemove.com)
That decision in May came after several months of accusations between Paris and Bamako that mirrored the rise of anti-French sentiment across the Sahel region of Africa. (midwesternmarx.com)
Also commercial vessels, as the Alarm Phone has repeatedly documented, are part of this industry in which human rights abuses and the violation of the laws of the sea are systematically orchestrated and carried out by European governments, EU institutions, allies in Northern Africa and elsewhere, as well as commercial actors. (alarmphone.org)
Welcome to Africa Now, your weekly newsletter for Africa, presenting the most important developments in the continent - news that matters. (vifdatabase.com)

Algiers has an opportunity here, and to some degree pursued it, to really kind of explore and signal to Europe and Western capitals what neutrality looks like," Lawrence told Responsible Statecraft. (thefrontierpost.com)
Algiers public servant Salim said Moroccans and Algerians "ignore political differences" between their governments. (enca.com)
The clashes that erupted Monday between Chinese and Algerians in the district Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, have triggered a host of reactions. (afrik-news.com)
But the all too simple discourse has done little to appease Song, a young Chinese who works as a translator for a construction company in the Algiers suburbs. (afrik-news.com)

The little-known conflict was exacerbated in the final weeks of the Donald Trump administration by an unprecedented decision to recognize a sovereign claim to the territory by the Kingdom of Morocco. (finalcall.com)
The phosphate trade in Western Sahara therefore increases the risk of further armed conflict, destabilization and suffering in the region. (wsrw.org)
Following years of armed conflict between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front, the international community established the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) in 1991. (ipsnews.net)
Decades after the conflict came to an end, the Morice Line continued to cause casualties among local Algerian populations. (montrealserai.com)

12 April - Algerian authorities accuse Morocco of attacking an Algerian vehicle convoy on Sunday. (wikipedia.org)
On 15 July, Iraqi authorities shut down internet access, except in the autonomous Kurdistan region, in response to anti-government protests. (eff.org)
To blame for the attack, according to the authorities, was "the Zionist entity [Israel]" and a "North African country," broadly interpreted to have meant Morocco. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
On the second point of escalation, he states that "you have the war of propaganda," which "we have been seeing from the official Algerian authorities. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
The new charter explicitly grants the government executive powers, but retains the king at the helm of the army, religious authorities and the judiciary and still allows him to dissolve parliament, though not unilaterally as is the case now. (apa.az)
Following the end of the war in1962, extensive efforts were made by the new Algerian authorities to clear and dismantle the Morice Line. (montrealserai.com)
Be advised that Algerian authorities do not accept Apostille certification and require a special procedure of embassy legalization. (apostille.us)

Tensions between France and Mali have increased over the course of 2022. (midwesternmarx.com)

Western Sahara clouds Morocco`s return to African Union RFI reports on Morocco's intention to rejoin the AU and the complications with AU recognition of the Western Sahara and the Polisario Front. (jadaliyya.com)
Critics say taking Morocco's side disqualified the U.S. as a credible broker on the Western Sahara issue. (finalcall.com)
In the case of Morocco, until Mr. Trump recognized Morocco's illegal land claim, America maintained relations with a noncommittal posture toward the contradiction. (finalcall.com)
We, the undersigned organizations, urge the UN Security Council to immediately condemn Morocco's current oil development program in Western Sahara, and to call on Morocco to follow through on its commitment under the 1988 settlement plan to allow the organization of a referendum in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
No government in the world recognizes Morocco's self-proclaimed sovereignty over Western Sahara, and the International Court of Justice has stated that Morocco's claims to the territory are unfounded. (wsrw.org)
However, to this day, no state or international organization recognizes Morocco's sovereignty over Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Morocco's control and exploitation of Western Sahara also hurts the Sahrawis' labor rights and their economic development. (wsrw.org)
Morocco's 'Lions of the Atlas' will face former colonial power France on Wednesday. (enca.com)
Morocco's "Lions of the Atlas", who beat Portugal on Saturday to reach the final four, will face former colonial power France on Wednesday. (enca.com)
At this week's conference, participating energy companies, such as Dow Chemical, were given the option to attend sessions on Morocco's energy sector, highlighting the potential for both renewable and carbon-based investment in the kingdom. (ipsnews.net)
The findings of this survey, entitled Media Ownership Monitor Morocco (MOM), and the first database about Morocco's media are now available to the public at www.maroc.mom-rsf.org - a trilingual website (French, Arabic and English) that was unveiled in Casablanca today. (rsf.org)
Casablanca, 17 November 2017 - According to the MOM's findings, nine of the 36 media companies involved in Morocco's most influential media are directly linked to the state, the government or the royal family. (rsf.org)
Some of Morocco's richest businessmen have stakes in five of the nine French-language publications examined by the MOM: Aujourd'hui Le Maroc, La Vie Eco, Les Inspirations Eco, La Nouvelle Tribune and L'Economiste. (rsf.org)

In order to resolve the sovereignty issue, the UN has attempted to hold a referendum through the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Neither Morocco, nor the oil companies involved in the exploration work in Western Sahara, have the right to override the Saharawi people's right to self-determination. (wsrw.org)

The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations, especially corruption. (state.gov)
Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. (state.gov)
The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. (state.gov)
Biden said Saturday that U.S. officials had been in contact with Morocco to offer help. (ozarksfirst.com)

People drive past a damaged wall of the historic Medina of Marrakech, after after an earthquake in Morocco, Saturday, Sept. 9, 2023. (ozarksfirst.com)

But Morocco maintains an untenable hold over large parts of the territory and subjects the Saharawi people under its control to grave and serious human rights violations, while half the Saharawi people is living as refugees in one of the most inhospitable parts of the Algerian desert. (wsrw.org)
Approximately 165,000 Sahrawis are languishing in refugee camps in the inhospitable Algerian desert since 1975. (wsrw.org)

The North African neighbours have been locked in a bitter rivalry for decades over the disputed territory of Western Sahara, which was a Spanish colony until 1975. (mailerlite.com)
Once colonized as the Spanish Sahara, the area has been in dispute since Spain relinquished it in 1975. (finalcall.com)
The Polisario has engaged an armed independence struggle against Morocco from 1975 until a United Nations brokered ceasefire was reached in 1991. (finalcall.com)
Most of Western Sahara is occupied by Morocco since 1975. (wsrw.org)
The International Court of Justice in its 1975 Western Sahara Advisory Opinion established that Morocco has no legal claim to Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Since the Madrid Accords of 1975, a part of Western Sahara has been administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces . (decisivechro276.cfd)

Many people have a limiting narrative about life in the Middle East, and tend to lump the countries all together: assuming they all speak Arabic, are majority Muslim, have economies based on oil, and have non-Democratic governments. (istizada.com)

The real reason the EU can`t stop human smuggling from Libya Independent Libyan academic Mustafa Fetouri argues that the European Union mission will not be able to put an end to human smuggling on the Libya coasts as long as "there is no strong central government in Libya with effective coast guard forces capable of patrolling the country`s 1,900 kilometers (1,180 miles) of ocean shoreline. (jadaliyya.com)
Libya militia downs helicopter, killing 2 French troops French troops aboard a helicopter in Benghazi shot down by militias. (jadaliyya.com)
The UN Special Representative for Libya, Spanish diplomat Bernardino León , had hoped to convene a fourth round of negotiations in Morocco during the last week of February between representatives from the Tobruk-based House of Representatives, which backs Haftar, and its Islamist-dominated rival, the Tripoli-based rump General National Congress. (africa-confidential.com)
Even the emergence of IS, with all its dangers, can be interpreted as a potential strategic advantage for the Tobruk government of Abdullah al Thinni and Haftar's Libyan National Army because it reflects a split within the ranks of Fajr Libya . (africa-confidential.com)

Relations between Madrid and Rabat have been frosty since May 2021, when Spain admitted the leader of the Polisario Front, Western Sahara's independence movement, for hospital treatment after he suffered complications related to COVID-19. (foreignpolicy.com)
Rabat has denied most of the charges laid out against it by the Algerian government. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Tensions again escalated on October 31, when Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune announced the end of their gas supply contract with Rabat. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Arab fans have also thrown their weight behind Morocco as its players have raised the Palestinian flag -- despite Rabat normalising relations with Israel in December 2020. (enca.com)
In Senegal, Rabat is often accused of abuses against African migrants who travel north through Morocco on the way to Europe. (enca.com)
It is part of a larger development that involves the construction of several innovative facilities, including the Grand Theatre of Rabat, the Arts and Culture House, the National Archives of the Kingdom of Morocco, and the Archaeological Museum. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Government and business leaders from the United States and Morocco are gathering in Rabat this week for the second annual Morocco-U.S. Business Development Conference. (ipsnews.net)

The Center for Research on Globalization writes on the recent politicized struggle between Canadian gold company Kinross and its employees in Mauritania. (jadaliyya.com)
Mauritania administers the western half of the Ras Nouadhibou Peninsula. (decisivechro276.cfd)
toward the west by Morocco and this country is bordered by a few places in the southwest like the Western Sahara, Mali and Mauritania. (apostille.us)

The Morice Line was a defensive line that went into effect in September 1957 during the Algerian War of Independence, fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN). (montrealserai.com)

In the early months of 2004, a lone convoy of Toyota pickup trucks and SUVs raced eastward across the southern extremities of the Sahara. (villagevoice.com)

And her talks with President Abdelaziz Bouteflika were dominated by the issue of how to deal with the terrorists and Islamic fundamentalists who took control of more than two-thirds of Mali after a coup toppled the government in Bamako last March. (voanews.com)
Is Russia Really the Reason Why Mali Continues to Push France Away? (midwesternmarx.com)
A few days before this statement, the French government cut official development assistance (ODA) to Mali because it believed that Mali's government is "allied to Wagner's Russian mercenaries. (midwesternmarx.com)
France denies that the reason for this tension with Mali is due to the new anti-colonial mood. (midwesternmarx.com)

The UN installed a peacekeeping force called the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) charged with monitoring the truce and coordinating the referendum on self-determination in the Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)
MINURSO intended the referendum to determine whether the Western Sahara would become an independent state or part of Morocco, but the vote was never able to be implemented due to disagreements over who was eligible to take part. (ipsnews.net)

The Polisario Front is the group that has been at war with Morocco over the years for the territory. (finalcall.com)
The resistance is led primarily by the Algerian backed Polisario Front, or The Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro. (finalcall.com)
notably France, Israel, Spain, and the Polisario Front that represents the national liberation movement for the Sahrawi people. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Morocco withdrew its ambassador from Tunis in August after Tunisian President Kais Saied welcomed the head of the Polisario Front, which seeks independence for the Western Sahara. (enca.com)
Western Sahara , formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara , is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario Front) , which is an independence movement based in Tifariti and Bir Lehlou . (decisivechro276.cfd)
Although the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) treats the status of Western Sahara as 'undetermined', its lack of reference to its current effective partition, considering the existence of the Polisario-held areas, indicates an acceptance of Morocco as the administering power in the entire territory. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Saharawis take part in 2014 conference on self-determination and independence held in Morocco. (finalcall.com)
After calling for Western Saharan independence from Spain, Morocco took control of the territory, which it calls the Southern Provinces, in 1976 after the Spanish withdrew. (ipsnews.net)
According to the Algerian newspaper El Acil , there have been more than 40,000 victims of mines since the country's independence. (montrealserai.com)

26 May - Italian fossil fuel company Eni signs an agreement with Algerian state-owned company Sonatrach to both explore up to 3 billion cubic meters of gas and launch a pilot green hydrogen project in the Algerian desert. (wikipedia.org)

By 2021, the new Sudanese government began having second thoughts about the deal and sought new terms that included economic aid ( The Arab Weekly , September 16, 2021). (aberfoylesecurity.com)

Morocco has signed an agreement with a Chinese company to build Africa's tallest skyscraper. (moroccoonthemove.com)

Spain's stance on the matter is especially important, as the country was Western Sahara's colonial ruler until 1976 . (foreignpolicy.com)
The Annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco took place in two stages, in 1976 and 1979, and is considered illegal under international law . (decisivechro276.cfd)

Despite sporadic clashes with protestors and occasional use of tear gas and rubber bullets, government forces exhibited restraint with only one death reported. (state.gov)
The clashes between Chinese citizens and Algerian natives are not new to Song. (afrik-news.com)

Rather, it is about widespread suspicions among Algerians toward France and other NATO members' intentions. (thefrontierpost.com)
Follow live updates of a deadly, powerful earthquake that struck Morocco, killing more than 2,000 people and causing widespread damage in and around the city of Marrakesh. (ozarksfirst.com)

Soldiers from Niger, assisted by American and Algerian special forces, had fought with Saifi twice in the past several weeks. (villagevoice.com)

A UN Legal Opinion of January 2002, delivered at the request of the Security Council, concluded that oil exploration or exploitation in the Non-Self Governing Territory of Western Sahara is in violation of international law if not in accordance with the wishes and the interests of the people of the territory. (wsrw.org)
The latest television station to be banned by the Superior Council for Communication, a government media regulator, is the French news channel La Chaîne Info (LCI). (africacenter.org)

WSRW section Louisiana in October sent a letter to the US-Canadian fertiliser producer, PCS, demanding that they terminate its imports from Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

Since Monday's violence, which resulted in several casualties, the Chinese government has advised its nationals not to walk the streets. (afrik-news.com)

The official position of the Kingdom of Morocco since 1963 is that all of Western Sahara is an integral part of the kingdom. (decisivechro276.cfd)

According to the EU Bulletin , "FDI flows to the North African kingdom were mostly dominated by investments in the country's major manufacturing base - in 2015 it attracted sizeable FDI amounts in the automotive industry especially from France. (moroccoonthemove.com)

Morocco is not willing to allow the people the right to self-determination today, and the oil industry is becoming an obstacle in terms of putting pressure in Morocco to accept that right," Erik Hagen, WSRW's chair, told IPS. (ipsnews.net)

Western ROM's pessimistic Occidental citizens, with their riot media, are looking spellbound at Russia and the collapse of Ukraine. (theinteldrop.org)

More controversially, Kosmos now intends to start oil exploration in an area off the Western Saharan coast, known as Cap Boujdour, in October. (ipsnews.net)
Since then, however, both multinational energy firms and Western Saharan advocacy groups have construed the U.N. opinion to favour their respective stances. (ipsnews.net)

[2] Also in the Aegean we have repeatedly witnessed and documented 'push' or 'pull-back' operations both at sea and land borders while, in the Western Mediterranean, the Spanish government is testing new avenues for systematic returns of the rescued to Morocco. (alarmphone.org)

The below letter was sent from WSRW section Louisiana to the fertiliser producer PCS on October 1st 2008, shortly after the company received a shipment of phosphate rock from Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

In 2002, Morocco awarded contracts for oil exploration in the Western Sahara to a U.S.-based company, Kerr McGee, and the French-based Total S.A. In response, the United Nations issued what is known as the Corell Opinion regarding the legality of resource extraction in Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
Western Sahara is listed by the United Nations (UN) as a non- decolonized territory and is thus included in the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories , which regards Spain as the de jure administering state. (decisivechro276.cfd)
The Geneva talks process led by the United Nations in Morocco is in tatters, against a background of trademark spectacular murders of captives by IS. (africa-confidential.com)

When Spain left, Morocco laid claim to the area triggering a resistance movement by the indigenous Sahrawi people refusing annexation of their lands. (finalcall.com)
The occupation of Western Sahara has resulted in enormous suffering and deprivation for the Sahrawi people, the rightful owners of the land and the natural resources of Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

Israel and Morocco normalized relations in 2020 and have recently moved to deepen their diplomatic and security ties. (ozarksfirst.com)

The reason for this unequivocal US position is that Morocco has not right to extract and sell Western Sahara's resources, as long as the political status of the territory has not been resolved. (wsrw.org)

Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. (state.gov)
Morocco is on pace to do as well in 2017, with the announcement by French automotive supplier Faurecia that it will open a plant in the Free Trade Zone in Sale and intends to open another in Kenitra, its second at that location, to focus on interiors. (moroccoonthemove.com)

But it also states that "while the specific contracts … are not in themselves illegal, if further exploration and exploitation activities were to proceed in disregard of the interests and wishes of the people of Western Sahara, they would be in violation of the principles of international law applicable to mineral resource activities in Non-Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)
In a backdrop of huge Algerian contracts negotiated by Beijing and skyrocketing numbers of unemployed Algerian youths in the middle of an economic crisis, anti-Chinese sentiments could be headed towards a boiling point. (afrik-news.com)

We would like to inform you that trade with and transportation of mineral resources from occupied Western Sahara is politically controversial, highly unethical and potentially against international law. (wsrw.org)
In addition to ethical concerns, the companies involved in this trade should be aware that the trade is most probably in violation of international law. (wsrw.org)
Continuing its leadership role in the promotion of clean energy sources, Morocco will host the Liquefied Petroleum Gas Forum (LPG) in Marrakech in October , bringing together policy makers, international agencies, companies, and researchers to map policies, view technology advances, and develop strategies affecting the future of the industry. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Most of the tourists were German, and the German government, which reportedly paid the ransom, filed an international arrest warrant for Saifi. (villagevoice.com)
Under international law, Western Sahara is not a legal part of Morocco and it remains under the international laws of military occupation . (decisivechro276.cfd)

26 July - Algerian Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra indicates support for Syria to return to the Arab League after a decade-long suspension. (wikipedia.org)
The Western Sahara issue is always central to Algerian foreign policy decision-making. (thefrontierpost.com)
Good news on the foreign investment front. (moroccoonthemove.com)

The following day, alleged drone strikes carried out by Morocco directly targeted clearly marked Algerian trucks near the Mauritanian border with the disputed Western Sahara region. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)

The SADR controls 20 percent of its territory-mostly barren desert, while 80 percent is controlled by Morocco. (finalcall.com)
Morocco, which called Saied's act "hostile", sees the mineral-rich desert region as a sovereign part of its own territory. (enca.com)

It's been big news in Lebanon, (where Tamim came from), in Dubai (where the killing occurred in her luxury apartment), and in Egypt (where the trial was held). (blogspot.com)

But they can stand up to France for 90 minutes on a football pitch and even beat it," he said, alluding to Tunisia's victory over France during the group stages. (enca.com)

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. (state.gov)
According to a report by the French organization France Libertés - Fondation Danielle Mitterrand, the Sahrawis have been systematically marginalized from the phosphate industry in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

They (Morocco) have subverted democracy for all of these decades," Mr. Washington said. (finalcall.com)
We are aware that PCS has imported phosphates from Western Sahara for processing in Geismar, LA for decades. (wsrw.org)

The Sahara is usually described as a vast empty land that is sparsely populated, and as representing an Eldorado of renewable energy, thus constituting a golden opportunity to provide Europe with energy so it can continue its extravagant consumerist lifestyle and excessive energy consumption. (tni.org)

Mali's military has increasingly been establishing closer ties with the Russian government and military. (midwesternmarx.com)

In 1968, before Morocco took control over the phosphate mines, all 1600 workers in the industry were Sahrawis. (wsrw.org)
On each side of the fence there was a minefield, heavily mined by the French-with a density of one landmine per metre-for a total number of 11,064,180 mines. (montrealserai.com)
In October 2007, French Army General Jean-Louis Georgelin finally handed over maps that detailed the extent of the contamination and the exact locations of the mines. (montrealserai.com)

He has reported from and lived in the occupied Palestinian territories and currently works with Quds News. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)

Algerians have taken to the streets to voice their discontent with President Abdelaziz Bouteflika's plan to run for a fifth term in office. (ecfr.eu)

Morocco asks to rejoin the African Union after 32 years Morocco seeks to make a return to the African Union after leaving thirty-two years ago over a rift on the recognition of the Western Sahara by member states. (jadaliyya.com)
Algerian blogger and journalist Mohamed Tamalt was sentenced to two years in jail over Facebook posts deemed insulting to the president. (eff.org)
The African LPG market, which has increased by some 30% in the last five years, will be in focus, with Morocco as a good example, having seen an increase of 20% during that period, making it now the second-largest consuming market on the continent. (moroccoonthemove.com)
The radio sector is dominated by the state but its ownership is otherwise more diverse, consisting of several smaller companies that have emerged in the past ten years. (rsf.org)

Diplomats from Italy and Spain are holding talks after Rome's move to secure large volumes of Algerian gas stoked concerns in Madrid that its own access to the key fuel could be affected, according to people familiar with the situation. (vifdatabase.com)

Following Zaki's condemnation, three liberal opposition figures immediately announced that they were withdrawing from the national dialogue, launched at the beginning of May by the government, less than one year before presidential elections. (africacenter.org)

The US oil firm Kosmos Energy Ltd in collaboration with Scottish firm Cairn Energy Plc has finished the first ever test-well drilling in the territorial waters of Western Sahara in February this year. (wsrw.org)
Through this work, Norouzi comments on the processes of botanical extraction from colonies around the globe that drove the expansion of Western scientific knowledge and territorial conquest, while at the same time reversing the roles and subverting the colonial gaze. (montrealserai.com)

The answer is from countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Bolivia, Chile and Morocco, where environmental destruction and workers' exploitation will continue and even intensify. (tni.org)

Morocco has placed a high emphasis on oil and gas exploration in its energy policy. (ipsnews.net)

He pointed out that Morocco through strong lobbying efforts has garnered the support of many Democrats including Black lawmakers to certify its illegal occupation of the Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)
This kind of support makes Morocco less inclined to contribute to finding a solution to the occupation, and makes delaying tactics and attempting to profit from the existing situation more attractive. (wsrw.org)

Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. (state.gov)
The government-controlled resources have meant a large investment into social services. (istizada.com)

Anatomy1

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Humanities1

Information Science1

Health Care2

Publication Characteristics1

Geographicals7

Moroccan29

Algeria's8

Algeria25

Africa13

Algiers4

Conflict4

Authorities7

20221

Morocco's13

Sovereignty1

People's right to self-deter1

Officials4

20231

Inhospitable2

19756

Arabic1

Libya4

Rabat7

Mauritania3

19571

Convoy1

Mali4

Referendum2

Polisario6

Independence3

Sonatrach1

20211

Africa's1

19762

Clashes2

Widespread2

Niger1

Council2

Imports1

Casualties1

Kingdom of Moro1

Country's1

Erik Hagen1

Citizens1

Saharan2

Borders1

WSRW1

United Nations3

Sahrawi2

20201

Sahara's1

20172

Contracts2

International5

Foreign3

Drone1

Desert2

Egypt1

Tunisia's1

Organization2

Decades2

Renewable energy1

Mali's1

Mines3

Occupied Palestinian1

Streets1

Years4

Talks1

Elections1

Territorial2

Exploitation1

Exploration1

Support2

Large2