• For fermion electrons with spin 1/2, 1 / 2 = e / M (see for example Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler, Gravitation (Freeman 1972), page 883) so that M^2 = 4 e^2 is greater than e^2 for the electron. (valdostamuseum.com)
  • [3] However, for most applications, gravity is well approximated by Newton's law of universal gravitation , which describes gravity as a force causing any two bodies to be attracted toward each other, with magnitude proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Modern physics describes gravitation using the general theory of relativity , but the much simpler Newton's law of universal gravitation provides an excellent approximation in most cases. (wikidoc.org)
  • Gravitation" is a general term describing the attractive influence that all objects with mass exert on each other, while "gravity" specifically refers to a force that is supposed in some theories (such as Newton's) to be the cause of this attraction. (wikidoc.org)
  • In the 9th century, the eldest Banū Mūsā brother, Muhammad ibn Musa , in his Astral Motion and The Force of Attraction , hypothesized that there was a force of attraction between heavenly bodies, [5] foreshadowing Newton's law of universal gravitation . (wikidoc.org)
  • These gravitational attractive forces do conform to Newton's laws of motion and to his law of universal gravitation, but the many multiple ( n -body) interactions have historically made any exact solution intractable. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] A gravitational field can be defined using Newton's law of universal gravitation . (ipfs.io)
  • This includes Newton's law of gravitation , and the relation between gravitational potential and field acceleration. (ipfs.io)
  • Smolin states that CNS originated as an attempt to explore the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-tuned_Universe fine-tuning problem] in cosmology via an alternative landscape theory to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory string theory], one that might provide more readily falsifiable predictions. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • The download gravitation and cosmology principles and applications of the general theory of relativity of this reliability is Fortunately equally hiragana with an article to get become the opinion to say you be it. (urbansory.com)
  • Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology , 69 (1). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gravitation is a natural phenomenon by which all objects with mass attract each other, and is one of the fundamental forces of physics. (wikidoc.org)
  • In particle physics, the strong interaction is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, the others being electromagnetism, the weak interaction and gravitation. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Gravitation , also known as gravitational attraction , is the mutual attraction between all masses in the universe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hoyle and Narlikar (HN) in the 1960's [1] -[3] developed a theory of gravitation which was completely Machian and used both retarded and advanced waves to communicate gravitational influence between particles. (scirp.org)
  • Gravitation" and "Law of Gravity" redirect here. (wikipedia.org)
  • For other uses, see Gravitation (disambiguation) and Law of Gravity (disambiguation) . (wikipedia.org)
  • [6] "gravity" may also include, in addition to gravitation, the centrifugal force resulting from the planet's rotation (see #Earth's gravity ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The terms gravitation and gravity are mostly interchangeable in everyday use, but in scientific usage a distinction may be made. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cosmological natural selection (CNS)''', also known as '''fecund universes''', is a prominent theory of universe evolution, development and reproduction originally proposed by eminent theoretical physicist and quantum gravity scholar [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Smolin Lee Smolin] in 1992. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • McCabe (2006) states that research in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_quantum_gravity loop quantum gravity] "appears to support Smolin's hypothesis" of a bounce at the center of black holes forming new universes (see also Ashtekar 2006). (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Gravitation, or gravity, is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • TOC__ ==Universe reproduction via black holes== According to CNS, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole black holes] may be mechanisms of universe reproduction within the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse multiverse], an extended cosmological environment in which universes grow, die, and reproduce. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Rather than a 'dead' singularity at the center of black holes, a point where relativity theory breaks down and spacetime and matter-energy become unmodeled, what occurs in Smolin's theory is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bounce 'bounce'] that produces a new universe with parameters stochastically different from the parent universe. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • In a process analogous to Darwinian [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection natural selection], those universes best able to reproduce and adapt would be expected to predominate in the multiverse. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • To assess [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation adaptation], proposed universal fitness functions (black hole fecundity, universal complexity, etc.) may be simulated to the extent present physical theory and computation allow, by exploring phenotypic features in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_ensemble ensemble] of possible universes adjacent to our present universe in parameter space. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • According to [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Cosmos-Lee-Smolin/dp/0195126645/ ''The Life of the Cosmos''] (1997), his book on CNS and other subjects for lay readers, by the mid-1990's his team had been able to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameterization sensitivity test], via mathematical simulations, eight of approximately twenty apparently fundamental parameters. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Antecedents to CNS== The earliest antecedent to CNS may have been the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillating_universe oscillating universe] model of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Friedman Alexander Friedman] (1922). (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Another oscillating model was the phoenix universe of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre Georges Lemaître] (1933). (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Turkish: Hüseyin Yılmaz) and his coworkers to formulate a classical field theory of gravitation which is similar to general relativity in weak-field conditions, but in which event horizons cannot appear. (wikipedia.org)
  • By contrast, in general relativity gravitation is due to spacetime curvatures that cause inertially moving objects to accelerate towards each other. (wikidoc.org)
  • Anime News Network has put up an inteview with veteran voice actor and director Crispin Freeman . (crystalacids.com)
  • Freeman Dyson (1923-2020), who was born in England, moved to Cornell University after graduating from Cambridge University with a BA in Mathematics. (webofstories.com)
  • The latest New York Review of Books has a review by Freeman Dyson of Margaret Wertheim's recent book Physics on the Fringe (which I wrote about here ). (columbia.edu)
  • Turkish: Hüseyin Yılmaz) and his coworkers to formulate a classical field theory of gravitation which is similar to general relativity in weak-field conditions, but in which event horizons cannot appear. (wikipedia.org)
  • Einstein held the problem of understanding gravitation in his mind for ten years, from the discovery of special relativity in 1905 to the birth of general relativity in 1915. (ias.edu)
  • [6] Newton's law of universal gravitation , part of classical mechanics , does not provide for their existence, since that law is predicated on the assumption that physical interactions propagate instantaneously (at infinite speed) - showing one of the ways the methods of Newtonian physics are unable to explain phenomena associated with relativity. (wikipedia.org)