Flap techniques microsurgery. Medical search. Frequent questions

A mosaic of surgical prowess and patient-centered care, the DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) flap procedure has carved its place in the realm of breast reconstruction , especially for those navigating the tumultuous journey of breast cancer. (plasticsurgery.org)
Leading the charge in this evolution is the DIEP flap procedure, a technique that has revolutionized the way surgeons approach autologous tissue-based breast reconstruction. (plasticsurgery.org)
As with all techniques in plastic surgery, adherence to the basic principles and concepts of reconstruction is essential. (medscape.com)
The use of the muscle-sparing free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) and deep inferior epigastric (DIEP) artery and vein flaps in breast reconstruction allows for excellent shape and contour of the breast mound while minimizing donor site morbidities related to abdominal strength and contour. (medscape.com)
A study by Di Pace et al indicated that in immediate unilateral abdominal free flap breast reconstruction, better outcomes are obtained if the flap weighs approximately as much as or more than the mastectomy tissue. (medscape.com)
Breast reconstruction can also be done using a tissue flap taken from another part of the body. (epnet.com)
This type of reconstruction may provide an improved appearance of the breast without resorting to the use of skin and muscle tissue flaps. (epnet.com)
More complicated types of breast reconstruction involve using muscle and skin flaps from the abdomen, back, or other parts of your body. (epnet.com)
The Head and Neck Cancer Program offers the most advanced minimally invasive surgical and radiation treatment techniques currently available including transoral robotic surgery (TORS), transoral laser microsurgery (TLM), endoscopic skull base surgery, microvascular free flap reconstruction and proton therapy . (cinj.org)
To reconstruct her breasts, Dr. Whitfield used the DIEP flap procedure, "tissue from the lower abdomen connected to the skin, fat and blood vessels of that area is transported to the chest and thru microsurgery is reconnected to the blood vessels underneath the chest wall creating a natural breast reconstruction. (theplasticsurgerychannel.com)
There he gained expert experience in cutting edge techniques such as DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction, vaginoplasty and phalloplasty. (agemed.org)
Clinical applications of ALT flap have currently extended to extremity (hand and foot) as well as oral cavity reconstruction. (uniss.it)
The purpose of the present study was to compare the functional and aesthetic outcomes of upper and lower extremity reconstruction with either suprafascial or subfascial harvested anterolateral (ALT) flaps. (uniss.it)
Sixty patients who underwent hand or foot reconstruction with an ALT flap between January 2013 and January 2015 were included in the study (34 flaps elevated on a subfascial plane and 26 on a suprafascial plane). (uniss.it)
Dr. Michael Howard specializes in breast reconstruction microsurgery and has helped thousands of women restore their contours and confidence. (drmichaelhoward.com)
He offers his patients a full spectrum of surgical reconstructive options and is a leading expert in DIEP flap reconstruction . (drmichaelhoward.com)
This type of procedure is commonly called "flap" reconstruction, as it uses a flap of skin and fatty tissue from areas like the abdomen or inner thigh. (drmichaelhoward.com)
While both breast reconstruction methods are widely performed, the DIEP Flap method of autologous reconstruction offers unique advantages. (drmichaelhoward.com)
Using advanced microsurgical techniques, the fat and skin can be removed and used for reconstruction without removing the muscle tissue. (wustl.edu)
DIEP, PAP, LICAP, TDAP, SGAP and IGAP flaps are all examples of perforator flaps that have advanced the field of breast reconstruction in appropriately selected candidates. (wustl.edu)
How are TDAP and LICAP flaps used in breast reconstruction after lumpectomy? (wustl.edu)
Click here to download our patient instructions for TDAP and LICAP flap oncoplastic breast reconstruction. (wustl.edu)
I employ the latest 3-D imaging technology to optimize the reconstructive plans and am trained to use muscle-sparing techniques called perforator flaps to provide each patient the most ideal reconstruction to restore appearance and function. (weillcornell.org)
She went on to complete a fellowship in microsurgery for reconstruction of oncologic and traumatic defects at NYU Langone Medical Center and at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. (weillcornell.org)
Her clinical expertise is in microsurgical perforator flaps (DIEP flap, SGAP/IGAP flap, PAP flap) and implant based reconstruction after breast cancer as well as complex reconstruction for adults and children who have defects after surgery of the head and neck, abdominal wall, spine, pelvis and extremities. (weillcornell.org)
The deep circumflex iliac artery bone flap provides a large concave segment of bone suitable for reconstruction of the upper extremity, lower extremity and mandible. (microsurgeon.org)
Flap loss due to undetected thrombophilia is an uncommon, yet relatively constant complication of microsurgical reconstruction. (thepsf.org)
There has also been relatively little attention focused on the clinical implications of novel breast reconstruction techniques in the setting of radiation therapy. (sabcsmeetingnews.org)
Novel reconstruction usually means going beyond silicone implants to autologous tissue, approaches like deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps and microsurgery," Dr. Dubsky said. (sabcsmeetingnews.org)
Although flap procedures are a common and highly successful method for breast reconstruction surgery, you may want to rebuild your breast(s) with the tissue expansion method. (doctorbaughman.com)
This procedure is to be considered an alternative rescue technique for salvage reconstruction in vessel depleted necks. (unicatt.it)
This video depicts the microvascular anastomosis of the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein to the internal mammary artery and vein in an anterograde fashion for a delayed bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction in a 53-year-old female patient status post bilateral mastectomy for breast cancer. (csurgeries.com)
Introduction: The DIEP flap is an autologous form of breast reconstruction following mastectomy. (csurgeries.com)
Indications/Contraindications: DIEP flap breast reconstruction is recommended in patients who wish to achieve breast reconstruction with autologous tissue and have suitable abdominal donor tissue. (csurgeries.com)
2 The Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) flap has now become the most common autologous approach to breast reconstruction. (csurgeries.com)
It is the flap of choice for autologous breast reconstruction because it combines a long pedicle with a relatively straightforward dissection, minimal donor site morbidity, and improves the donor site contour. (csurgeries.com)
Microvascular anastomosis is the critical step of DIEP flap breast reconstruction. (csurgeries.com)
Autologous reconstruction is typically favored in patients who have undergone mastectomy flap radiation. (csurgeries.com)
Horta et al retrospectively reviewed 107 cases of thumb reconstruction in emergency situations using Moberg, radial innervated cross-finger, Venkataswami-Subramanian, Foucher, Tezcan, and Littler flaps. (medscape.com)

Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap. (nshealth.ca)
The DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) flap removes skin and fat from the belly to form the new breast, then uses microsurgery to reattach the blood vessels to the chest wall. (doctorbaughman.com)

Dr. Topham brings a unique and specialized skillset to Valley Health as a board certified surgeon specializing in reconstructive microsurgery. (valleyhealthlink.com)
As a surgeon who specializes in reconstructive microsurgery, Dr. Topham offers comprehensive care for his patients. (valleyhealthlink.com)

Soleus Perforator Flap -- 10. (nshealth.ca)
The TDAP, or thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, is a newer method of reconstructing the breast using your own tissues after a lumpectomy. (wustl.edu)
The LICAP, or lateral intercostal artery perforator flap, is a newer method of reconstructing the breast using skin and fat from the side of the chest, near the armpit area. (wustl.edu)

The DIEP flap procedure is essentially a tissue transplant," said Pisano, comparing it to how organs, such as kidneys, are transplanted from one individual to another. (plasticsurgery.org)
Chrysopoulo, echoing Pisano's sentiments, shed light on the rigorous patient assessment processes and the importance of shared decision-making in the DIEP flap procedure. (plasticsurgery.org)
He also developed the DIEP flap technique and muscle-sparing TRAM flap technique, in addition to being an expert in orbital decompression for Graves' Ophthalmopathy . (advancedreconstruction.com)
Conclusion: This report demonstrates how to perform the critical microvascular anastomotic and coaptation steps for a neurotized DIEP flap. (csurgeries.com)

A free flap is completely cut away from its original location and reattached to blood vessels in the chest area using microsurgery. (epnet.com)
Because the flap contains blood vessels that can be attached to the site on the chest, the new breast will have the blood flow necessary to thrive. (drmichaelhoward.com)
These blood vessels are then carefully attached to the existing blood supply in the chest so that once the flap is sutured into place, it has a healthy source of blood and the body accepts it as new breast material. (drmichaelhoward.com)

He also specializes in complex reconstructive surgery, including microvascular free flaps, to restore form and function after cancer treatment. (mountsinai.org)

As antibiotics had not yet been invented when this procedure was developed, wrapping the flap in a tube was important because the risk of infection was reduced. (wikipedia.org)
The latter portion of this procedure ensures the perfusion and drainage, and ultimately the survival, of the flap. (medscape.com)
The transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap procedure takes tissue and muscle from the lower abdomen and creates a breast shape. (epnet.com)

Microsurgery - currently has been used to monitor blood perfusion of tissue flaps, based on smartphone photographs. (penningtonslaw.com)

Methods Patients who underwent pre-expanded e-LTMC flap surgery with perfusion assessment using ICGA between June 2016 and January 2022 were identified. (thieme-connect.de)
3. Mücke T, Rau A, Merezas A, Loeffelbein DJ, Wagenpfeil S, Mitchell DA, Wolff KD, Steiner T. Identification of perioperative risk factor by laser-doppler spectroscopy after free flap perfusion in the head and neck: a prospective clinical study. (scielo.br)
Intra- and postoperative monitoring of flap microcirculation may provide useful information for better understanding and following-up the ischemia-reperfusion-related alterations in tissue perfusion 6 6. (scielo.br)

Latissimus Dorsi Flap -- 5. (nshealth.ca)

A pedicle flap remains attached to the original blood supply under the skin from the abdomen. (epnet.com)

For more information on various flap procedures, see Flaps . (medscape.com)
Specializing in reconstructive surgery following traumatic injury and cancer surgery, Dr. Tushar Patel , MD, FACS, is trained in microsurgery and skilled at performing procedures to treat facial deformities. (advancedreconstruction.com)
Other flap procedures used for autologous breast reconstructions use similar techniques, resulting in a healthy new breast that moves and feels like authentic breast tissue. (drmichaelhoward.com)
And, using suture suspension techniques he helped develop since 1996, he has become THE leading regional expert in minimally invasive long-lasting facelift procedures which can be performed under local anesthesia. (mdcosmetic.com)
Flap procedures accomplish this by using your own muscle, fat, and skin to build and cover the breast. (doctorbaughman.com)
The field of Aesthetic Medicine is rapidly evolving, with new procedures and techniques being developed regularly. (plasticsurgery-cosmetology.com)

Dr. Roof is skilled in the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as transoral robotic surgery and transoral laser microsurgery. (mountsinai.org)

For the lateral thigh flap, when the patient is positioned, secure the foot and leg in a padded stirrup, shown below. (medscape.com)
No special positioning is necessary for the anterolateral thigh flap. (medscape.com)
The fasciocutaneous flap is designed in an off-centered fusiform shape around the midpoint of the thigh. (medscape.com)
Anterolateral Thigh / Vastus Lateralis Flap -- 4. (nshealth.ca)

The numerous advantages of this technique include stable wound coverage, improved aesthetic and functional outcomes, minimal donor site morbidity, and the ability to utilize vascularized tissue from remote parts of the body that are outside the zone of injury (trauma, malignancy, infection, irradiation, etc). (medscape.com)
Preoperative and operative variables of interest and postoperative outcomes, including flap necrosis and flap survival length, were collected and analyzed. (thieme-connect.de)
Where resection may lead to poor reconstructive outcomes, flap trimming or a second flap should be the preferred option. (thieme-connect.de)
He has gone on to pioneer and publish his research into novel techniques, outcomes and insurance coverage of gender affirming surgery. (agemed.org)
01). The suprafascial plane for elevating ALT flaps presented several advantages over the traditional subfascial approach in terms of functional and aesthetic outcomes, providing a thin flap allowing increased versatility to achieve better contour of flap, and minimizing the need for secondary debulking. (uniss.it)
The laparoscopic right gastroepiploic lymph node flap transfer for upper and lower limb lymphedema: Technique and outcomes. (klosetraining.com)

To close the defect after tumor excision, a free vertical rectus abdominis muscle arterial flap pedicle was anastomosed to the homolateral internal carotid artery with the help of a Pruitt-Inahara outlying carotid shunt. (unicatt.it)

Refinements in mandibular reconstructions have led to the use of the free fibular flap, which results in improved appearance and function of the neomandible (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Fibular Flap -- 7. (nshealth.ca)

The technique is now largely redundant due to advances in vascular surgery and microsurgery. (wikipedia.org)
Optimizing Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography in Reconstructive Flap Surgery: A Systematic Review and Ex Vivo Experiments. (thieme-connect.de)
Effect of short-term ischemia on microcirculation and wound healing of adipocutaneous flaps in the rat 1 1 Research performed at Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary. (scielo.br)
Composite flaps used in reconstructive surgery may intra- and postoperatively suffer from hypoperfusion and/or ischemia-reperfusion influencing wound healing. (scielo.br)
Review: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in flap surgery. (scielo.br)
Headed by Petros Konofaos, MD, PhD, plastic surgery research is diversified in all areas, from basic and translational clinical research in wound healing, flap surgery, nerve grafting to facial reanimation and cleft palate management. (uthsc.edu)
Cosmetic surgery is mainly characterized by the use of surgical techniques, including microsurgery, flap transfer, and a variety of advanced technologies and concepts to change the appearance and functions of the human body. (cmuh.org.tw)
And after the 4th year, cosmetic surgery will be the major subject for studies, where students can learn the basics, care and techniques of cosmetic surgery. (cmuh.org.tw)
Permanent hymen repair can be made with flap surgery and microsurgery methods. (genitalsigil.net)
This will give you a basic understanding of some commonly-used techniques in reconstructive surgery. (drcappuccino.com)
Though success will largely depend on the extent of a patient's injury, flap surgery and microsurgery have vastly improved a plastic surgeon's ability to help a severely injured or disfigured patient. (sassonplasticsurgery.com)
Flap surgery can restore form and function to areas of the body that have lost skin, fat, muscle movement, and/or skeletal support. (sassonplasticsurgery.com)
Using the most advanced surgical techniques with technical precision and attention to detail, I strive to provide the highest quality reconstructive and aesthetic surgery that will enhance each patient's quality of life. (weillcornell.org)
She also offers aesthetic surgery for the face and body with the goal to enhance appearance with a natural un-operated look using the most advanced surgical techniques available. (weillcornell.org)
At his state licensed Ambulatory Surgery Center subspecializing in aesthetic plastic surgery, he uses the latest techniques and technologies to provide safe care and remarkable surgical results that help men and women achieve their aesthetic goals. (plasticsurgery.org)
Craniofacial surgery - machine learning techniques have been used for automated diagnosis of infant skull growth defects. (penningtonslaw.com)
The general surgery team brings years of experience in both traditional surgical methods and the latest noninvasive laparoscopic surgical techniques. (valleyhealthlink.com)
In relation to humans, research in this area is focused to a large extent on clinical issues: etiology and surgical treatment of lower extremity varicose veins, role of veins in the design of flaps based on their vascularization, upper limb replantations in reconstructive surgery, and venous grafting [ 6 , 8 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
New techniques in reconstructive surgery make it easier for women to have breasts that look natural after cancer treatment or damage. (doctorbaughman.com)

Neurotization of the flap was performed by coaptation of the 4th intercostal nerve to a sensory nerve of the abdominal flap via cadaveric nerve graft. (csurgeries.com)
Neurotization of the flaps was achieved with cadaveric nerve grafts. (csurgeries.com)
There was also no need for neurotization or microsurgery techniques to restore sphincteric function to the anus. (bvsalud.org)

Length depends on size and position of the bone flap and skin paddle. (microsurgeon.org)

Wound healing and physiology of skin flaps. (scielo.br)
Skin flaps for the hand, like skin grafts, entail removing skin from another region of the body. (icloudhospital.com)

However, despite such advancements in microsurgery, caution is advised as the lymphatic ducts of the affected lower limb in primary lymphedema are abnormal. (idnps.com)

Participants will be trained in vessel dissection, varying microsurgical techniques, arterial and venous end-to-end and end-to side anastomoses, and preparation and placement of vascular grafts. (clevelandclinic.org)
and scars are less apparent than those in flaps or grafts. (sassonplasticsurgery.com)

The perforating vessels are identified and preserved in the flap fascia as the dissection is carried down to the intermuscular septum, as shown below. (medscape.com)
Like great toe transplantation, the second toe flap harvest is technically challenging, and requires meticulous dissection technique. (microsurgeon.org)
After abdominal flap dissection and recipient internal mammary vessel harvest, the contralateral abdominal DIEP flaps are anastomosed with recipient vessels and nerves. (csurgeries.com)

Complexity may range from a random pattern skin flap based on a subdermal plexus to a fascio-osteocutaneous free flap supplied by a known arterial perforator. (medscape.com)
This article provides a framework to facilitate the planning, execution, and monitoring of free flaps. (medscape.com)
Numerous clinical situations exist in which the use of a free flap is justified and beneficial. (medscape.com)
The fibula free flap is well suited to anterior arch defects. (medscape.com)
Groin cutaneous free tissue flap using the epigastric vessels as the pedicle. (clevelandclinic.org)
Free flaps shrink when exposed to radiation. (sabcsmeetingnews.org)
This article details a new technique of arterial free flap pedicle anastomosis to the internal carotid artery in a vessel-depleted neck. (unicatt.it)

In anesthetized rats groin flaps were formed bilaterally. (scielo.br)
We prefer a second flap, such as the groin flap, which can be harvested in the same field, often with the same vascular trunk to the groin flap and the DCIA flap. (microsurgeon.org)
Separating the groin from the DCIA flap provides an independent skin paddle that is thinner and easier to inset. (microsurgeon.org)

Lateral Arm Flap -- 3. (nshealth.ca)

As a result of attending this course, participants will be able to become familiar with microsurgical techniques related to the fields of their particular specialty. (clevelandclinic.org)
In 2000, and as featured in Anne Arundel Medical Center's Vital Signs , Dr. Summers performed the first series of breast reconstructions using microsurgical techniques at Anne Arundel Medical Center. (mdcosmetic.com)
[ 4 ] Development of microsurgical techniques allowed successful transfer of a toe to a thumb in monkeys in 1965 and in a human in 1966. (medscape.com)

At its most basic level, a flap is a portion of tissue that can be dissected, elevated, and inset into a nonanatomic position as a consequence of its vascular supply and outflow. (medscape.com)
Vascular anatomy of the DCIA flap. (microsurgeon.org)

Results: Bilateral abdominal DIEP flaps were anastomosed to the contralateral internal mammary arterial and venous counterparts. (csurgeries.com)

Group 1 (subfascial harvested ALT flap) was composed of 23 male and 11 female patients with an average age of 53.4 years (range, 36-72 years). (uniss.it)
Group 2 (suprafascial harvested ALT flap) was composed of 18 male and 8 female patients with an average age of 48.7 years (range, 32-69 years). (uniss.it)
TDAP and LICAP flaps are particularly effective in reconstructing partial defects of the outer breast in patients within a relatively broad weight range, Scars are usually well concealed in the armpit area. (wustl.edu)
Before microsurgery, all patients should receive conservative therapies, i.e., lymph drainage massage and microsurgery is contraindicated in cases of venous hypertension. (idnps.com)

No total flap necrosis was observed. (thieme-connect.de)

Angiographic and Doppler identification of perforating vessels may be helpful but is not critical to the success of the flap. (medscape.com)
Mechanical damage during flap preparation and positioning, bending and torquation of pedicle's vessels, thrombosis, edema, inflammation, all may lead to complication, resulting in flap necrosis 5 5. (scielo.br)
The DCIA flap relies on inflow from the vessels originating near the junction of the external iliac artery and the femoral artery at the inguinal ligament. (microsurgeon.org)

Tissues capturing territories beyond may be insufficiently perfused, and these hypoperfused areas can lead to partial flap necrosis. (thieme-connect.de)
Partial necrosis occurred in 10 flaps. (thieme-connect.de)
The incidence of flap necrosis in cases where management relied on ICGA findings was significantly lower than that of cases where management did not rely on ICGA findings. (thieme-connect.de)
Conclusion The proposed standard strategy effectively reduced the necrosis rate of the pre-expanded e-LTMC flap, thus it is sensible to act on the ICGA findings. (thieme-connect.de)
7. Suzuki S, Miyachi Y, Niwa Y, Isshiki N. Significance of reactive oxygen species in distal flap necrosis and its salvage with liposomal SOD. (scielo.br)

Although the size of the flap is dictated by the needs of the head and neck defect, certain principles apply. (medscape.com)
The department, currently led by Professor Zhang Jianing and Professor Chen Hongji from the International Medical Center, has exhibited great performances in the treatment of congenital malformations, facial or facial fractures, breast and neck surgeries, head and neck cancers, hand surgeries, limb reconnections, burn care, cosmetic surgeries and microsurgeries. (cmuh.org.tw)

Numerous clinical and experimental studies demonstrated that microcirculatory disturbance may lead to flap failure 1 1. (scielo.br)
Detailed illustrations -- including radiographs and clinical photographs or drawings -- provide a visual guide to conditions, techniques, diagnoses, and key concepts. (nshealth.ca)

The VRAM flap survived without complications. (unicatt.it)

TDAP and LICAP flaps represent an alternative to fat grafting, breast implants and other traditional flaps for reconstructing lumpectomy defects. (wustl.edu)
Relatively larger defects can be reconstructed easily with local flaps, such as buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, and nasolabial flaps. (medscape.com)

This retrospective study proposes a standardized strategy for managing the hypoperfused areas identified by ICGA in pre-expanded extended lower trapezius myocutaneous (e-LTMC) flaps. (thieme-connect.de)

We aimed to follow-up the effect of ischemia on adipocutaneous flaps' wound healing and microcirculation. (scielo.br)
Histologically normal wound healing process was seen, except for some I/R flaps, where hypertrophized mammary glands were found. (scielo.br)
Short-term ischemia could influence flap microcirculation and wound healing, and may result in hypertrophized mammary glands. (scielo.br)

Because these techniques use the patient's own tissue, there's no risk of the body rejecting the new breast, or long-term side effects. (drmichaelhoward.com)

These techniques mean that tissue from distant parts of the body, such as the intestine, arm muscle, abdominal muscle, or even lower leg bone, may be used to replace parts of the mouth, throat or jawbone. (cancercenter.com)
Contralateral abdominal DIEP flaps were simultaneously harvested. (csurgeries.com)

Laser Doppler (LD) fluxmetry and temperature probes were applied on the cranial, central and caudal flap regions before/after preparation and ischemia, re-suturing, and on the 1st-3rd-5th-7th-14th postoperative days, before the final examinations and biopsies for histology. (scielo.br)
Klarik Z, Tamas R, Toth E, Kiss F, Kovacs EL, Jäckel M, Furka I, Nemeth N. Intra and postoperative evaluations of microcirculation and micro-rheological parameters in a rat model of musculocutaneous flap ischemia-reperfusion. (scielo.br)
Based on preliminary data and extensive institutional experience with these techniques, we propose a prospective cross-sectional study to (1) evaluate the efficacy of TEM for preoperative diagnosis of hypercoagulability and (2) to determine if postoperative response to a standard anticoagulant and antiplatelet regimen measured by TEM and MEA is reflective of therapeutic efficacy. (thepsf.org)

There's a variety of surgical techniques available to reconstruct the breast. (doctorbaughman.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science1

Health Care1

Reconstruction39

Deep inferior epigastric2

Reconstructive Microsurgery2

Perforator Flap3

DIEP Flap4

Blood vessels3

Microvascular Free Flaps1

Procedure3

Tissue flaps1

Perfusion3

Latissimus Dorsi Flap1

Pedicle flap1

Procedures6

Transoral robotic surgery1

Thigh4

Outcomes6

Rectus abdomi1

Fibular flap2

Surgery19

Neurotization3

Bone Flap1

Skin flaps2

Lymphedema1

Grafts2

Dissection3

Free7

Groin3

Lateral1

Microsurgical techniques3

Vascular2

Arterial and venous1

Patients4

Total flap1

Vessels3

Necrosis5

Head and neck2

Clinical2

Complications1

Defects2

Myocutaneous1

Wound3

Patient's1

Abdominal2

Postoperative3

Surgical techniques available1