IraqiBiologicalSyriaAttacks1990ProliferationInvasionIranianCiviliansIran-Ira1980IraqisLafargeIndiaAmbitiousWarfareKurdishOpec1925SarinWeapons of mass desTroopsTonnesMissilesInspectorsVictimsTons2002BaghdadRomanianGovernmentsCrimesExposurePharmaceuticalNuclear weaponsTextileCrudeBrainsCivilianRussiaCountriesClintonProgramInternationalDecadesMilitaryTimeLargeCompaniesSecurityGovernment
Iraqi8
- An Iraqi lawmaker said Saturday that his country's army had foiled a chemical attack by the Islamic State. (timesofisrael.com)
- But a month later, when U.S. troops found themselves facing an Iraqi arsenal that included imported missiles and chemical weapons, calls began for stronger export controls. (wisconsinproject.org)
- The Iraqi use of chemical weapons, the threat of CW attacks on Israel during the Gulf War, and the proliferation of these weapons in the region increased the threat perception in Israel. (iranwatch.org)
- In 2020, he tried a case remotely in federal court in Chicago, seeking to hold Iran accountable for its support of Iraqi militants who killed and wounded U.S. soldiers in southern Iraq in 2009. (chicagobusiness.com)
- International support, especially by the two parts of Germany, was crucial in activating the Iraqi chemical program. (fas.org)
- Iran supplied chemical weapons to Iraqi militias for attacks against civilians and US targets. (telegraph.co.uk)
- According to Iraqi documents, assistance in developing chemical weapons was obtained from firms in many countries, including the United States, West Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France and China. (scwvs.org)
- In March 2003 the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) stated that according to Iraqi officials, Iraq dropped almost 19,500 chemical bombs, more than 54,000 chemical artillery shells and 27,000 short-range chemical rockets between 1983 and 1988 on Iranians. (scwvs.org)
Biological11
- The remaining names represent fronts of embargoed governments such as Iraq, entities of proliferation concern (they develop missiles, nuclear weapons, or chemical or biological weapons), narcotics traffickers, firms that have violated U.S. export controls, and others. (wallstreetandtech.com)
- Instead, the president issued an executive order enabling the administration to apply such sanctions as halting foreign aid or denying aircraft landing rights to countries that use or produce chemical or biological weapons. (wisconsinproject.org)
- This was the first international document that banned warring countries from using chemical and biological weapons, which were considered to be weapons of mass destruction during wartime. (fas.org)
- But critics fear possible effects around Utah site By Judith Graham - For 60 years, the U.S. military has tested its ability to withstand chemical or biological attacks at a desolate site in the Utah desert. (cassiopaea.org)
- Protective gear for troops, heavy equipment such as tanks and aircraft, and detection systems designed to signal an attack have all been run through intense simulations, sometimes using active chemical and biological agents. (cassiopaea.org)
- The statement indicates that the Army facility wants to expand biological defense testing from an average of 11 events a year to 26, and boost chemical defense testing from 30 events a year to 70. (cassiopaea.org)
- The Pentagon last week revealed that the United States secretly tested chemical and biological weapons on American soil, possibly exposing thousands of civilians in Hawaii, Florida, and Alaska to toxic agents. (cassiopaea.org)
- Verification and Compliance: The Protocol recognizes the significance of bringing together controls on chemical and biological weapons. (bnblegal.com)
- While it prohibits the use of such weapons, it does not prohibit their production, development, and stockpiling, gaps covered by later treaties such as the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). (bnblegal.com)
- Moreover, a sizeable fraction of its parties have reserved a right to retaliate in kind if chemical and/or biological weapons should ever be used against them by enemies or allies of enemies. (bnblegal.com)
- Internationally known as one of the leading authorities in the field of arms control agreements to combat the spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, Ambassador Graham has served as a senior U.S. diplomat involved in the negotiation of every major international arms control and non-proliferation agreement for the past 30 years. (livableworld.org)
Syria9
- Shiite Iran, which has been warily watching the lightning gains made by the Sunni Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, is a staunch ally of Syrian President Bashar Assad, whose forces have carried out multiple chemical attacks against military and civilian targets. (timesofisrael.com)
- CAR's executive director James Bevan said, 'these findings support growing international awareness that ISIS in Iraq and Syria are very much self-sustaining acquiring weapons and strategic goods, such as IED components, locally and with ease. (thenewsminute.com)
- A diplomatic gambit to induce Syria to give up its chemical weapons has added a new twist to the intense Washington debate over possible military strikes there. (brookings.edu)
- Could the Russian proposal to have Syria turn over chemical weapons to international inspectors revitalize conflict-resolution efforts through the United Nations Security Council? (brookings.edu)
- Now that Syria has agreed in principle with the Russian proposal to turn over its chemical weapons stockpiles to international supervision, the U.S. government is in an even bigger pickle. (brookings.edu)
- a) Is there a way that international supervision over chemical weapons - locating, inspecting, securing, removing, destroying - could be used as a means of slowing/stopping the military conflict in Syria or constraining the Syrian regime's use of conventional firepower against civilians? (brookings.edu)
- Many reports indicate that large chemical weapons arsenals are maintained by many states in the region, including Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Iran and Libya, and the threat remains. (iranwatch.org)
- But the imperial CW narrative has now shifted because the West has now admitted1, somewhat inadvertently, that, yes "extremist groups" in Syria do use chemical weapons. (marktaliano.net)
- US Secretary of State John Kerry declared on Monday that there was "undeniable" proof of last week's chemical weapons attack in Syria, and that the "moral obscenity" of the Bashar al-Assad administration "should shock the conscience of the world. (globaltimes.cn)
Attacks1
- Christopher also mentioned several issues that have put a strain on US-Russian relations: Russia's determination to sell arms to Iran, its eagerness to end the international embargo against Iraq, its refusal to provide information about its chemical weapons program and, most important, its unwillingness to halt attacks on civilians in prosecuting its war in Chechnya. (rferl.org)
19903
- When I traveled to Iraq in early 1990, I was struck by the extent of militarization in parts of the country. (merip.org)
- But Turkey, a member of NATO, has supported the United States during the current crisis, and earlier in 1990 Turkey temporarily halted the flow of Euphrates river water into Iraq. (merip.org)
- 4] But why didn't Iraq use germ warfare against us during the 1990-1991 Gulf War, since it had the capability? (cow.net)
Proliferation3
- The importance of chemical weapons limitations was highlighted by the proliferation of chemical weapons beginning in the 1970s. (iranwatch.org)
- This treaty prohibited the production, proliferation, and stockpiling of chemical weapons as the world saw the tragic images of the victims of the defunct regime over one decade. (fas.org)
- The treaty also imposed restrictions and surveillance of the world's commercial trade transactions in dual-use chemical products with specifications similar to those cited in the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. (fas.org)
Invasion5
- After two years of recovery from the war and additional weapons acquisitions, Iraq undertook its next move: invasion of Kuwait. (merip.org)
- To label the UN debacle a failure of diplomacy would be charitable: after all, to call the ham-fisted attempts to pressure the rest of the world into approving the Iraq invasion as "diplomacy" is a betrayal of the term. (konformist.com)
- For decades before the 2003 invasion, oil-rich Iraq had invested billions of dollars to set up a massive industrial base that once made it a major regional economic powerhouse. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
- Despite the fact that the chemical weapons/Weapons of Mass Destruction meme was found to be as fake as the "incubator story" hatched by the Hill and Knowlton PR firm as a pretext for the illegal invasion of Iraq, projecting the chemical weapons lie onto target nations is still somewhat effective, given the success of MSM media to inoculate western consumers against the truth. (marktaliano.net)
- Furthermore, since the 2003 US invasion and subsequent occupation and destruction of Iraq, Middle East politics has been marked by a new cold war1 over regional influence between two competing axes led by Saudi Arabia on one side and Iran on the other. (lu.se)
Iranian3
- Iranian rockets with "neuroparalytic" agents were identified as a threat to American and British forces during the war in Iraq, according to reports included in the files. (telegraph.co.uk)
- They claim Iranian intelligence officers served inside Iraq, at one point manning checkpoints with local militias, and describe a firefight on the border in which American troops shot an Iranian border guard dead and then came under prolonged attack as they returned to base. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Iraq also targeted Iranian civilians with chemical weapons. (scwvs.org)
Civilians2
- NATO terrorists use chemical weapons against innocent civilians as policy. (marktaliano.net)
- NATO used weaponized white phosphorous against civilians in Mosul, Iraq, for example, and NATO proxy ground troops who call themselves al Qaeda, al Nusra Front, Daesh, FSA, and a host of other names, also use chemical weapons against civilians. (marktaliano.net)
Iran-Ira3
- Insterestingly, Zarif points to Iran's history of restraint on weapons of mass destruction when it came to the Iran-Iraq war. (emptywheel.net)
- Responding to the extensive use of chemical weapons between belligerents in the Iran-Iraq War and the increasing number of chemical weapon-capable states, a Conference on Chemical Weapons Use was held in Paris in January 1989. (bnblegal.com)
- The Iran-Iraq War (Also known as the longest conventional war of 20th century) began in Sep 1980 when Iraq invaded Iran. (scwvs.org)
19801
- From 1980 to 1989, Iraq imported more than $25 billion in major weapons systems, and the total bill for all weapons procurement may have been as high as $80 billion for the decade in current prices - more than France ($68.6 billion), Britain ($69.5 billion) or West Germany ($41.3 billion). (merip.org)
Iraqis2
- The Wikileaks war logs disclose the conduct of British and US troops, as well as Iraqis during the Iraq conflict. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Chemical weapons employed by Saddam Hussein killed and injured tens of thousands of Iranians, and even Iraqis. (scwvs.org)
Lafarge2
- France s Lafarge, whose 12% production sharing offer was seen as too low in January, was among several gaints who will bid for the latest cement firms, Hariri said. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
- 3] Another "corporate citizen" said to be part of the Iraq weapons pipeline was the Lafarge Corporation, a U.S. subsidiary of a French multinational chemical firm. (cow.net)
India3
- International investors, including Royal Dutch Shell, Dow Chemical Co, Japanese Marubeni and India s Reliance, were showing heightened interest in the country s main petrochemical plant near Basra. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
- In China, India en Rusland zul je niemand tegenkomen die gelooft dat alle rassen gelijk zijn. (blogspot.com)
- NEW DELHI: India will not send troops to Iraq but will help in humanitarian and rehabilitation wor. (wn.com)
Ambitious1
- Fawzi al-Hariri said better security in the country had drawn over 120 firms and consortia keen to bid for 10 to 15 year joint ventures that aim to revamp ailing industrial firms under an ambitious multibillion dollar privatisation plan. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
Warfare3
- Where did Iraq get the original start-up cultures for development of germ warfare capability (in GovernmentSpeak, "weapons of mass destruction" so as to lessen the panic potential)? (cow.net)
- Soviet methodology is that chemical warfare should be conducted with mixed agents. (cow.net)
- Historically, the Germans have been the uncontested masters in the discovery, production, and development of lethal poison gases used in warfare, such as mustard gas that is identified by the chemical compound symbol of C1Ch2-Ch2-S-Ch2-Ch2CI. (fas.org)
Kurdish3
- With Turkey, its northern neighbor, Iraq has recently cooperated militarily against Kurdish insurgents. (merip.org)
- The agreement, if implemented as envisioned, would boost the U.S.'s Iraq policy by fostering Kurdish unity against Saddam Hussein. (washingtoninstitute.org)
- But that story won't last long either if the Kurdish situation parallels developments in neighboring Iraq. (marktaliano.net)
Opec2
- Feedstock would come from associated oil field gas that Iraq, an Opec oil producer, is currently flaring, or gas from new field developments, he said. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
- July 7 (Bloomberg) -- Crude oil futures are close to a one- month high as a damaged pipeline in Iraq and a strike in fellow OPEC member Nigeria cut world supply by about 1.4 percent. (wn.com)
19251
Sarin3
- In June, the Islamic State took control of a former chemical weapons facility in the area, where remnants of lethal chemical agents including sarin gas were kept. (timesofisrael.com)
- Later, a similar gaseous chemical compound called the nerve gas Sarin was discovered. (fas.org)
- Iraq also declared that about 1,800 tonnes of Mustard Gas, 140 tonnes of Tabun and more than 600 tonnes of Sarin had been used during this period against Iran. (scwvs.org)
Weapons of mass des1
- Israel's approach to global arms control treaties reflects a number of complex factors -- extreme geographic vulnerability, the Middle East threat environment, skepticism regarding the potential contribution of these treaties to contribute to security and stability (illustrated in the case of Iraq), as well as a strong interest in reducing the threats posed by weapons of mass destruction. (iranwatch.org)
Troops2
- American troops handed over captives to the infamous 'Wolf Brigade' torture squad, a feared unit controlled by the Iraq ministry of interior. (telegraph.co.uk)
- The Self-Defense Forces troops deployed in Iraq have served Japan. (wn.com)
Tonnes1
- Iraq would offer at first a production sharing deal in return injecting at least $150mn to revamp the complex that has an annual capacity of 100,000 tonnes of ethylene. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
Missiles1
Inspectors4
- Researchers at the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control obtained the evidence from previously unpublished reports by inspectors with the former UN Special Commission for Iraq (UNSCOM). (rferl.org)
- Motz: 'These materials are convincing because they are the actual reports written up by inspectors as they were leaving Iraq after each set of inspections. (rferl.org)
- UNSCOM [the former UN Special Commission for Iraq] did a lot of its work getting help, for example, from companies in Germany which came forward and said, 'We sold Iraq this, that and the other good,' and that would enable the inspectors to know what they were looking for on the other end. (rferl.org)
- Motz: 'We are seeing everything from just some basic negotiations that probably didn't go anywhere once the firms figured out what was trying to be purchased, all the way up to -- we have contracts that were actually implemented and goods that were found in Iraq by the inspectors. (rferl.org)
Victims1
- Today, Dutch businessman Van Anraat responded to the claims that were filed against him on 14 December 2009 by the victims of chemical bombardments in Iraq and Iran. (prakkendoliveira.nl)
Tons1
20021
- Since 2002, Hoar has actively opposed the war in Iraq. (livableworld.org)
Baghdad1
Romanian2
- This means that a country like Iraq could now order them through Romanian brokers. (wisconsinproject.org)
- Motz: 'There was one case in which a Romanian firm agreed to supply one hundred complete missile engines, and we don't know whether that deal went through or not. (rferl.org)
Governments1
- The study said that governments and firms need to do more to track the flow of cables, chemicals and other equipment. (thenewsminute.com)
Crimes1
- Her Brother owned and ran the Blackwater security firm of mercenaries that hugely profited from Iraq war contracts and were involved in serious war crimes, of course part of the Cheney/Rumsfeld neo-con artist network. (brahmakumaris.info)
Exposure1
- Kenneth Lumb helps oversee the firm's operations as well as mass tort litigation, including a multiplaintiff toxic tort lawsuit stemming from a large chemical spill and a multiplaintiff lawsuit involving cancer related to herbicide exposure. (chicagobusiness.com)
Pharmaceutical2
- Hariri said foreign investor bids would be evaluated as soon as a July 31 deadline closes for international firms vying for six cement factories, a major petrochemical plant in Basra, an iron and steel facility, pharmaceutical, chemical, textile and other plants. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
- Medical doctors these days mostly take a chemical (pharmaceutical) view. (brahmakumaris.info)
Nuclear weapons2
- RFE/RL: What was the most dramatic example of a transaction which could have directly helped Iraq in its nuclear weapons program? (rferl.org)
- 1] These "cocktails" also have the advantage of delayed symptoms: "Iraq thought that the multinational force would respond with nuclear weapons if they had used fast acting biologicals. (cow.net)
Textile1
- Our firm main produce engineering plastic/metal cable drag chains,flexible organ shields(bellows include),metal plate telescopic covers and so forth.Which widely employed in CNC machinery,glass equipment,handing and transportation equipment,chemical industrial equipment,textile machinery,welding equipment and so forth. (flexible-disc-coupling.com)
Crude1
Brains1
- It's out of our control, and our brains may serve us up a different chemical cocktail each time. (secondcalldefense.org)
Civilian1
- Iraq Body Count, the London-based organisation which monitors civilian deaths, concluded that 15,000 unrecorded civilian deaths will be added to the public record. (telegraph.co.uk)
Russia2
- RFE/RL: What kind of activities did firms in the countries you mention -- Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia -- engage in with Iraq? (rferl.org)
- The Assad government has firm support from Russia and Iran. (globaltimes.cn)
Countries4
- Turkey topped the list of countries with a total of 13 firms involved in the supply chain. (thenewsminute.com)
- Seven Indian companies are among those from 20 countries named in a list whose components were used by the ISIS to make explosives, a EU-mandated study today said, suggesting that more work needs to be done to track the flow of chemicals and other items to the terror group. (thenewsminute.com)
- Congress also changed the Export Administration Act to punish countries using chemical weapons or companies trading in poison gas technology. (wisconsinproject.org)
- In 1930, more than 40 countries signed this protocol and Iraq was one of the signatories. (fas.org)
Clinton2
- Another great legacy of Clinton: Iraq now is on the precipice of joining the Nuclear Club. (freerepublic.com)
- Christopher told Kozyrev that Clinton could not yet make a firm commitment on the invitation. (rferl.org)
Program1
- While Iran did develop their own chemical weapons program late in the war, the evidence that they ever used it is murky at best. (emptywheel.net)
International1
- But they failed to get major international firms involved. (royaldutchshellgroup.com)
Decades1
Military3
- Iraq needed to compensate for its deficits in military leadership and numbers with a much higher level of weapons technology. (merip.org)
- But a little more than two weeks later, on July 19, the White House blocked a New Jersey company's proposed sale of a skull furnace to Iraq after US intelligence learned that Iraq planned to use the furnace for military purposes, not to make artificial limbs as the buyer claimed. (wisconsinproject.org)
- Now, with a possible war with Iraq looming on the horizon, the military plans to more than double its testing at the 798,000-acre Dugway Proving Ground, 80 miles southwest of Salt Lake City, and to vastly expand its counterterrorism training activities at the site. (cassiopaea.org)
Time1
- At the time, the US expressed concern but also doubt as to whether IS had the capacity to weaponize the old chemical agents. (timesofisrael.com)
Large1
- One chip executive at a large foreign firm with operations in Taiwan said his company was asked about its business continuity plans by its customers and had in turn asked their suppliers in Taiwan the same questions. (zawya.com)
Companies5
- Other companies, such as Germany's Leybold-Heraus, have already sold high-performance furnaces to Iraq and may ultimately fill this order, although the furnace issue was put on hold because of the embargo. (wisconsinproject.org)
- But, if socialistic thinking prevailed in Israel in 1948, why did Israel's leaders adopt a mixed economy,-one featuring cooperatives, kibbutzes, government companies, and private firms? (fee.org)
- We are United Group of companies, which consists of (Al Nuboogh Co. Ltd, Al Mahboob Co. Ltd, and Global Waves Co. Ltd) which are located in Iraq. (odoo.com)
- Iraq purchased all of the dehydrated cultures from companies right here in the United States. (cow.net)
- 1] One of the companies which shipped deadly anthrax to Iraq was American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Maryland. (cow.net)
Security3
- Even before the current confrontation in the Gulf, Iraq was an extremely militarized country, preoccupied with internal and external "security threats. (merip.org)
- Contributing factors include changes in the regional security situation, Israeli domestic political changes, questions regarding the effectiveness of the CWC and the impact on the chemical industry, and the unresolved debate over the efficacy of renouncing the deterrent value of a CW option. (iranwatch.org)
- It contains the elements present in most previous pacts: revenue-sharing, power-sharing (including elections), and security arrangements (including a pledge to deny use of northern Iraq to the anti-Turkish PKK). (washingtoninstitute.org)