Fertilization human sperm midpiece. Medical search. Frequent questions

The genetic quality of sperm, as well as its volume and motility, all typically decrease with age. (wikipedia.org)
Functional assessments on sperm included counting sperm amount and sperm motility, staining F-actin, and quantifying adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. (biomedcentral.com)
Testicular torsion-detorsion significantly decreased the amount of sperm, inhibited the motility, declined the F-actin expression, and reduced the content of ATP in sperm. (biomedcentral.com)
Local injection of MSCs improved sperm function, particularly in sperm motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Local injection of MSCs into a testis damaged by testicular torsion-detorsion restores sperm function mainly through the improvement of sperm motility and energy. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
and (3) incubating sperm with EVs improved motility, fertilizing capacity of cat spermatozoa and prevented acrosomal exocytosis in vitro . (alphanano.tech)
By contrast, the kinetics of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and sperm motility are unaltered in mutant sperm relative to wild-type. (biologists.com)
It is suggested that large-scale deletions of the mtDNA is associated with poor sperm motility and may be a causative factor in the decline of fertility in men. (ijfs.ir)
Sperm motility is one of the key indicators of fertility in men. (ijfs.ir)
first demonstrated the association of the 4977 bp deletion of mtDNA with low motility of the human spermatozoa. (ijfs.ir)
It has been suggested that these mutations cause infertility by affecting sperm motility. (ijfs.ir)
In spermatozoa, several key functions are regulated by cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration such as sperm capacitation, chemotaxis, hyperactive motility, and acrosome reaction. (123dok.net)
sperm count of 14 million/ml with 35% active motility and 100% morphologically abnormal sperm, indicating globozoospermia. (jri.ir)
Common problems in male related infertility are sperm count, motility or structural abnormalities. (jri.ir)
MDA levels were negatively correlated with the sperm motility (MDA = -0.014 x motility + 2.62, p =0.017) and concentration (MDA = -0.0045 x concentration + 2.23, p = 0.0166). (ijbs.com)
GPx activities were positively but non-significantly correlated with the sperm concentration and sperm motility. (ijbs.com)
Seminal MDA concentrations are negatively correlated with sperm concentration and motility, which might provide a simple and useful tool in predicting sperm parameters. (ijbs.com)
Epididymal spermatozoas are often described as immature, immotile, and infertile sperm cells, yet the epididymis is the organ where spermatozoa mature, acquire motility, and become fully fertile. (encyclopedia.pub)
However, sperm quality-the motility (movement) and morphology (shape) of sperm-decrease after two days of abstinence, with a significant impact seen after 7-10 days. (whatfuture.net)
knockout male mice showed severe subfertility with a defect in sperm motility as well as a significant disorganization in the fibrous sheath. (biologists.com)
In mammals, adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is known to play highly important roles in sperm motility and acrosomal exocytosis. (plos.org)
It is involved in flagellar movements and motility, and in cellular events that occur in the sperm head, that will lead to successful interaction with the egg and to fertilization [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)
However, these criteria can only be applied when sperm analysis is carried out at 37 °C. Sperm motility is highly influenced by temperature and should always be assessed under controlled thermal conditions (5). (biochemia-medica.com)
Since, the motility analysis at Andrology Laboratory was performed at room temperature (22 °C), we had to readjust the sperm motility criteria. (biochemia-medica.com)
Vigorous motility is initiated almost instantly upon sperm release from cauda during ejaculation. (bioscientifica.com)
The molecular mechanisms that suppress sperm motility but increase cell survival during storage in cauda epididymis are not known. (bioscientifica.com)
Intracellular signaling via phosphorylation cascades is quick events that may regulate motility and survival of transcriptionally inactive sperm. (bioscientifica.com)
Pathscan intracellular signaling array provided the preliminary picture of cell signaling in quiescent and motile rat sperm, indicating upregulation of cell-survival pathways in quiescent sperm, which were downregulated during motility activation. (bioscientifica.com)
Interactome of signaling proteins involved in motility activation was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) software, which identified mitogen activated protein kinase-p38 (MAPK-p38), AKT, mTOR and their downstream target p70S6K as the key kinases regulating sperm function. (bioscientifica.com)
Activators of these kinases inhibited sperm motility but increased viability, and vice versa was true for inhibitors, in most of the cases. (bioscientifica.com)
Data suggest that sperm motility and survival are inversely complementary and critically regulated by intracellular cell signaling. (bioscientifica.com)
Aberrant cell signaling in caudal sperm may affect cell survival (sperm concentration) and motility of ejaculated sperm. (bioscientifica.com)
Sperm can modulate their energetics by regulating their flagellar waveform -- how the sperm oscillate their tails -- in order to adapt to varying fluid environments, potentially optimizing their motility and navigation within the reproductive tract, according to new research. (womenshealthdaily.com)
A well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals is vital for supporting sperm production and motility. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)
For instance, incorporating walnuts, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, can enhance sperm vitality and motility. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)
Epididymal transit lasts 5-10 days in the mouse [ 4 ] and leads to the acquisition of sperm motility and the ability to recognize and fertilize oocytes [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)

In mammals, sperm is stored in the epididymis and is released from the penis during ejaculation in a fluid known as semen. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm cells are carried out of the male body in a fluid known as semen. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm quantity and quality are the main parameters in semen quality, which is a measure of the ability of semen to accomplish fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
The morphological assessment of human spermatozoa which includes the evaluation of the percentage of morphologically normal sperm and the determination of the incidence of various morphological abnormalities has always been part if semen analysis in couples consulting for infertility. (myhealth.gov.my)
Sperm morphology was assessed in the initial semen analysis using the Kruger-Tygerberg Strict Criteria as outlined by the World Health Organization. (myhealth.gov.my)
The male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes that produce sperm (or spermatozoa ), ducts that transport the sperm to the penis and glands that add secretions to the sperm to make semen (see diagram 13.2). (wikibooks.org)
Semen and sperm are then fused together during fertilization, and the result is a child. (fertiligy.com)
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bacteriospermia on sperm parameters and clinical outcomes in semen samples infected with two common bacteria ( Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli ) in northern Iran. (ecerm.org)
In washed semen, tight adhesion between the sperm midpiece and S. saprophyticus was observed. (ecerm.org)
Therefore, a comparative study of these two bacteria on semen parameters and fertility results of sperm in laboratory conditions would help to better understand the potential effects of bacteria on sperm fertility potential. (ecerm.org)
Indications for performing a postcoital test include semen hyperviscosity, increased or decreased semen volume with good sperm density, or unexplained infertility. (medscape.com)
Excessive generation of ROS in semen may be associated with reduced sperm fertilizing potentials. (ijbs.com)
Moreover, in cats, a species notoriously difficult to collect semen from, epididymal sperm may serve as an extra and easily accessible source of gametes [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Studies have found that after two days of abstinence, semen volume and sperm count/concentration may increase, but sperm quality decreases. (whatfuture.net)
However, studies have found that semen volume and sperm count/concentration increase after two days of abstinence, but sperm quality may decrease after seven to ten days. (whatfuture.net)
For men with normal sperm counts, studies have found that semen volume and sperm count/concentration increase after two days of abstinence. (whatfuture.net)
Although abstaining from ejaculation may lead to an increase in semen volume and sperm count/concentration, this does not necessarily mean that it will increase fertility. (whatfuture.net)
In conclusion, abstinence may lead to an increase in semen volume and sperm count/concentration, but it may also lead to a decrease in sperm quality after seven to ten days. (whatfuture.net)
When a man ejaculates his semen into the vagina of a woman, somewhere between 60 and 450 million sperm cells are dispatched. (healthandscience.eu)
The World Health Organization (WHO) has so far published several manuals in order to standardize semen analysis procedures and WHO criteria have become widely accepted in sperm morphology examination at andrology laboratories all over the world (1,2). (biochemia-medica.com)
Both unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism are associated with a decrease in sperm production and semen quality, regardless of the timing of orchidopexy. (medscape.com)
The seminal vesicles and prostate gland add fluids to the sperm to create semen. (bccampus.ca)

The midpiece has a central filamentous core with many mitochondria spiralled around it, used for ATP production for the journey through the female cervix, uterus, and uterine tubes. (wikipedia.org)
The midpiece: that contains mitochondria which are responsible for energy production needed for sperms movement. (online-sciences.com)
Figure 346 from Chapter 14 (Sperm Flagellum) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Top panel: A cross section of sperm tail of the cecidomyid fly, Diplolaboncus tumorificus shows mitochondria. (cellimagelibrary.org)
There are ~22-80 mitochondria in the midpiece of a single mature mammalian spermatozoon (2-4). (ijfs.ir)
MDT combines sperm and egg from the biological parents with healthy mitochondria from a female donor's egg. (ivf.net)
Propagation of paternal sperm-contributed mitochondrial genes, leading to heteroplasmy, is seldom noticed in mammals attributable to post-fertilization degradation of sperm mitochondria, known as sperm mitophagy. (eqalix.com)
Such patterns are according to our earlier commentary of SQSTM1 and VCP associating with sperm mitochondria contained in the porcine zygote. (eqalix.com)
Even in an interspecific mobile setting encompassing bull spermatozoa and porcine oocyte extract, ooplasmic SQSTM1 was recruited to heterospecific sperm mitochondria. (eqalix.com)
Complementary with the binding of SQSTM1 and VCP to sperm mitochondria, two sperm-borne pro-mitophagy proteins, parkin co-regulated gene product (PACRG) and spermatogenesis related 18, underwent localization modifications after extract coincubation, which had been according to their degradation noticed inside fertilized porcine oocytes. (eqalix.com)
The midpiece harbors the small "powerhouses" (mitochondria) that produce the energy, which fuels the rapid tail movements needed for propulsion. (healthandscience.eu)
Immunofluorescence localized the kinase proteins in the sperm mid-piece region (mitochondria), a known extra-nuclear target for these signaling pathways. (bioscientifica.com)
The midpiece houses mitochondria, the powerhouses that fuel the sperm's journey through the female reproductive tract, while the tail acts as a propeller for mobility. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

Thus, in humans, it is a measure of fertility in a man. (wikipedia.org)
DNA damages present in sperm cells in the period after meiosis but before fertilization may be repaired in the fertilized egg, but if not repaired, can have serious deleterious effects on fertility and the developing embryo. (wikipedia.org)
More studies of fertility outcomes in large populations are required to refine the application of CASA to measuring sperm morphology. (myhealth.gov.my)
Several studies have also demonstrated that multiple mtDNA deletions are associated with defective sperm function and diminish fertility in men (14, 21-25). (ijfs.ir)
Therefore, male fertility may be inhibited by the negative effects of bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia on sperm parameters [ 2 ]. (ecerm.org)
However, to the best of our knowledge, no study in the literature has yet investigated the impact of Staphylococcus saprophyticus on sperm quality and male fertility potential during in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques. (ecerm.org)
High lipid peroxidation as represented by MDA levels may cause changes in the sperm and diminish fertility [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
This is an important question to consider, as sperm quality can have a direct impact on fertility. (whatfuture.net)
By the end, you'll have a better understanding of the role of sperm in fertility and how to keep it optimally healthy. (whatfuture.net)
Using less stringent statistical criteria (uncorrected p -values), also the gene SPATA16 , which has a pivotal role in male fertility and for which episodes of adaptive evolution have been suggested, also displays a putative signal of diversifying selection in the human branch. (biomedcentral.com)
A new, Greek study of 225 men, who frequented a fertility clinic in Athens, showed that those who consumed a predominantly Mediterranean diet had more active sperm cells compared with those who ate a less healthy diet. (healthandscience.eu)
The minisymposium, organized by Victor D. Vacquier, included the following presentations: "An Hypothesis to Explain the Evolution of Species-Specific Fertilization" by Victor D. Vacquier, "Molecular Biology of the Zona Pellucida: Genetic Mutations and Fertility" by Jurrein Dean, and "Sperm-Egg Membrane Interactions During Fertilizations" by Janice P. Evans. (bioone.org)
New research provides rare direct evidence showing that increased homozygosity -- meaning two identical alleles in a genome -- leads to negative effects on fertility in a human population. (womenshealthdaily.com)
New research reveals how the bacteria strain Wolbachia pipientis enhances the fertility of the insects it infects, an insight that could help scientists increase the populations of mosquitoes that do not carry human disease. (womenshealthdaily.com)
Including these nutrients in the diet contributes to healthier sperm and improved fertility. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)
Adopting healthier habits by reducing or eliminating alcohol and tobacco use can significantly improve sperm function and fertility. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

The morphology of sperm cells is the end result of a highly complex process of cellular modifications occurring during spermiogenesis. (myhealth.gov.my)
However, the focus of this article is going to be on the assessment of image analysis to indicate the normal sperm morphology of an ejaculate. (myhealth.gov.my)
Assessment of sperm morphology is one of the most important steps in the evaluation of male partner in infertile couples. (biochemia-medica.com)

Animals produce motile sperm with a tail known as a flagellum, which are known as spermatozoa, while some red algae and fungi produce non-motile sperm cells, known as spermatia. (wikipedia.org)
Recent studies have shown cytoplasmic droplets to be normal morphological occurrences in human male spermatozoa. (biomedcentral.com)
It is a familiar element of mammalian spermatozoa, though many studies in the past have focused primarily on CDs in non-human species. (biomedcentral.com)
CDs of normal human spermatozoa are still present after ejaculation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mature human spermatozoa are similar to that of other mammals in possessing a CD at the midpiece. (biomedcentral.com)
Assessing approximately 200 spermatozoa and the value of normal sperm is calculated in percentage. (myhealth.gov.my)
Figure 341 from Chapter 14 (Sperm Flagellum) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Cross sections of spermatozoa in the testis of a moth. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Animals produce motile sperm known as spermatozoa, and some red algae and fungi produce non-motile sperm cells. (fertiligy.com)
During ejaculation, hundreds of millions of sperm (spermatozoa) are released into the vagina. (lumenlearning.com)
After total DNA extraction, a long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to determine the mtDNA deletions in human spermatozoa. (ijfs.ir)
Spermatozoa require enormous amount of energy for their survival and fast speed of flagella during fertilization (1, 2). (ijfs.ir)
However, low levels of mtDNA deletions have been identified in human spermatozoa and studies have not found a clear relationship between large-scale mtDNA deletions and male infertility. (ijfs.ir)
Therefore, the identification of mtDNA mutations in the pathophysiology of human spermatozoa dysfunction is considered to be important better understanding the etiology of idiopathic infertility in men. (ijfs.ir)
Consequently, we anti cipated that sperm mitophagy may very well be reconstituted in a cell-free system consisting of permeabilized mammalian spermatozoa co-incubated with porcine oocyte extracts. (eqalix.com)
VCP was distinguished within the sperm mitochondrial sheath each earlier than and after the extract co-incubation and was additionally detected within the acrosome and postacrosomal sheath and the subacrosomal layer of the spermatozoa co-incubated with extraction buffer as management. (eqalix.com)
Human spermatozoa possess these defense enzymes, which might be useful in the prediction of sperm fertilizing potentials [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
The mature and ejaculated spermatozoa are carried to the female tract in seminal plasma, which supports key sperm functions such as interactions with the various environments of the tubular genital tract, with the oocyte and with the female immune system and potentially helps modulate sperm rejection or tolerance [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mature spermatozoa are characterized by an head, midpiece and a long tail for locomotion. (womenshealthdaily.com)
Fertilization ability is acquired during spermatozoa transit through the epididymis [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
When spermatozoa migrate to the epididymis, chromatin in the sperm head condenses and the process of transcription and translation arrests. (oncotarget.com)

Infertility in men can result from deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration, or transportation. (medscape.com)
Free radicals have beneficial or detrimental effects upon sperm functions, which depend on their nature and concentration. (ijbs.com)
As in somatic cells, sperm intracellular cAMP concentration is regulated by the opposite action of two enzymes: the adenylyl cyclases (AC), which synthesize cAMP from ATP, and the phosphodiesterases (PDE), which break the phosphodiester bond of cAMP to form 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (plos.org)
Infertile men may have deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration (eg, oligospermia [too few sperm], azoospermia [no sperm in the ejaculate]), or transportation. (medscape.com)
Researchers have found in a new systematic review that there is a strong association between insecticide exposure and lower sperm concentration in adult men globally. (womenshealthdaily.com)
It shows that frequent use of mobile phones is associated with a lower sperm concentration and total sperm count. (womenshealthdaily.com)

Isolated teratozoospermia does not affect in vitro fertilization outcome and is not an indication for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (myhealth.gov.my)
This case report detailed the course of treatment and protocol of a patient with type 1 globozoospermia using Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and oocyte activation by calcium ionophore, which yielded conception and birth of a healthy baby after six previous unsuccessful attempts, using ICSI alone. (jri.ir)
This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)

Hamster sperm fertilizing a hamster oocyte. (cellimagelibrary.org)
This scanning electron micrograph shows hamster sperm fertilizing a hamster oocyte. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an oocyte (egg) combine and their nuclei fuse. (lumenlearning.com)
Thus, the race into the uterine tubes, which is the most typical site for sperm to encounter the oocyte, is reduced to a few thousand contenders. (lumenlearning.com)
If the sperm do not encounter an oocyte immediately, they can survive in the uterine tubes for another 3-5 days. (lumenlearning.com)
Sperm must undergo the process of capacitation in order to have the "capacity" to fertilize an oocyte. (lumenlearning.com)
Fertilization must occur in the distal uterine tube because an unfertilized oocyte cannot survive the 72-hour journey to the uterus. (lumenlearning.com)
As it is swept along the distal uterine tube, the oocyte encounters the surviving capacitated sperm, which stream toward it in response to chemical attractants released by the cells of the corona radiata. (lumenlearning.com)
To reach the oocyte itself, the sperm must penetrate the two protective layers. (lumenlearning.com)
These enzymes clear a path through the zona pellucida that allows sperm to reach the oocyte. (lumenlearning.com)
The plasma membrane of that sperm then fuses with the oocyte's plasma membrane, and the head and mid-piece of the "winning" sperm enter the oocyte interior. (lumenlearning.com)
As you can see, the first sperm to reach the oocyte is never the one to fertilize it. (lumenlearning.com)
Rather, hundreds of sperm cells must undergo the acrosomal reaction, each helping to degrade the corona radiata and zona pellucida until a path is created to allow one sperm to contact and fuse with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. (lumenlearning.com)
We discovered that SQSTM1 was detected within the midpiece/mitochondrial sheath of the sperm tail after, however not earlier than, co-incubation with oocyte extracts. (eqalix.com)
As well as, it was noticed that sperm head enlargement mimicked the early levels of paternal pronucleus growth in a zygote throughout extended sperm-oocyte extract co-incubation. (eqalix.com)
It is suggested that assisted oocyte activation with Ca++ ionophore and electrical or mechanical stimulation might increase fertilization rates (9-11). (jri.ir)
In the initial segment of the epididymis, the sperm cell is immotile-unable to fertilize an oocyte and has a proximal cytoplasmic droplet-close to the neck [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
At fertilization, the chromosomes in one male gamete, called a sperm (or spermatozoon), combine with the chromosomes in one female gamete, called an oocyte. (bccampus.ca)

Sperm cells cannot divide and have a limited lifespan, but after fusion with egg cells during fertilisation, a new organism begins developing, starting as a totipotent zygote. (wikipedia.org)
Fertilization occurs by the fusion of the nucleus of sperm (which contains 23 chromosomes ) with the nucleus of the ovum (which contains 23 chromosomes ) to form the zygote (fertilized ovum), which contains a nucleus with 46 chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes ). (online-sciences.com)
Fertilization results in the joining of the male and female gametes to form a zygote which contains the full number of chromosomes ( diploid ). (wikibooks.org)
This new single cell, called a zygote , contains all of the genetic material needed to form a human-half from the mother and half from the father. (lumenlearning.com)
These outcomes reveal that the early developmental occasions of post-fertilization sperm mitophagy noticed in porcine zygote will be reconstituted in a cell-free system, which may grow to be a useful gizmo for figuring out extra molecules that regulate mitochondrial inheritance in mammals. (eqalix.com)
The sperm that successfully penetrates the egg initiates the miraculous process of fertilization, forming a zygote that evolves into a new life. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

Three days after the surgery, orchiectomy was executed and the testis, epididymis, and sperm were separated to each other. (biomedcentral.com)
Human sperm cell is a flagellate cell consisting of a disc-shaped head and a long tail released from the seminiferous tubule and mature in the epididymis. (biomedcentral.com)
It is through their transit in the epididymis that sperms cells complete important maturation steps crucial for fulfilling their functions. (123dok.net)
In other words, a sperm cell found in the caput of the epididymis possesses characteristics that are different from sperm cells found in the corpus or cauda of the same epididymis, such as the cytoplasmic droplet position. (encyclopedia.pub)
Sperm in most mammalian species including rat, mice and human are kept completely quiescent (motionless) and viable for up to a few weeks in the cauda epididymis before ejaculation. (bioscientifica.com)
The epididymis is the location of sperm maturation and sperm storage. (oncotarget.com)
In our previous work, we found that the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis has typical long-term sperm storage in the epididymis [ 9 , 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Tail: also called the flagellum, is the longest part and capable of wave-like motion that propels sperm for swimming and aids in the penetration of the egg. (wikipedia.org)
In the spermatid stage, the sperm develops the familiar tail. (wikipedia.org)
The tail: thin and long and it is responsible for the movement of the sperm till reaches the ovum . (online-sciences.com)
A sperm cell consists of a head, midpiece, and tail. (pharmacy180.com)
The tail propels the sperm to the egg where it will fertilize the egg. (fertiligy.com)
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is made up of a head, mid-piece, and tail. (whatfuture.net)
The head contains the genetic material, while the mid-piece and tail help propel the sperm forward. (whatfuture.net)
Sperm cells are smaller than other cell types and have a tail that moves. (healthandscience.eu)
Each sperm consists of a head, midpiece, and tail, with the head containing genetic material and an enzyme to penetrate the egg during fertilization. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

Mammalian sperm must undergo a physiological maturation, termed capacitation, before they are able to fertilize eggs. (biologists.com)
A better understanding of the function of this organ and of the chronology of sperm maturation may elucidate the etiological background of many idiopathic subfertilities that are related to disorders in sperm maturation. (encyclopedia.pub)
Several accessory organs and ducts aid the process of sperm maturation and transport the sperm and other seminal components to the penis, which delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract. (bccampus.ca)

Due to the mitochondrial helix that forms around the core of the axoneme-outer dense fibers complex, the midpiece has a large diameter relative to the rest of the cell [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
To investigate the level of correlation between large-scale deletions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with defective sperm function. (ijfs.ir)
Activators and inhibitors also affected sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. (bioscientifica.com)

Sperm cells form during the process known as spermatogenesis, which in amniotes (reptiles and mammals) takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. (wikipedia.org)
The testes of the adult human male produce about 2 billion sperms per day. (online-sciences.com)
The primary- male sex organs are the testes, which pro-duce sperm cells and male sex hormones. (pharmacy180.com)
In many animals (including humans) the testes descend into the scrotal sacs at birth but in some animals they do not descend until sexual maturity and in others they only descend temporarily during the breeding season. (wikibooks.org)
Sperm is created in the testes and move through a coiled tube, called the vas deferens. (fertiligy.com)
The key male reproductive organ in humans is the testes. (biomedcentral.com)
The paired testes are a crucial component in this process, as they produce both sperm and androgens, the hormones that support male reproductive physiology. (bccampus.ca)
This location is important in sperm production, which occurs within the testes, and proceeds more efficiently when the testes are kept 2 to 4°C below core body temperature. (bccampus.ca)

The most likely explanation for the decrease in sperm quality after a few days is that the seminal fluid, which helps nourish and protect the sperm, is depleted. (whatfuture.net)

This unusual structure of sperm membrane is responsible for its flexibility and the functional ability of sperm cells. (scialert.net)
Binding of the sperm to this inner glycoprotein membrane induces the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the acrosome. (tutordale.com)
This mediates the fusion of the sperm membrane with the plasma membrane of the egg, facilitating the fertilization of the two haploid nuclei. (tutordale.com)
The ovum forms a vitelline membrane that prevents the further entry of any other sperm. (tutordale.com)
They also deplete cholesterol molecules embedded in the membrane of the head of the sperm, thinning the membrane in such a way that will help facilitate the release of the lysosomal (digestive) enzymes needed for the sperm to penetrate the oocyte's exterior once contact is made. (lumenlearning.com)
Finally, a single sperm makes contact with sperm-binding receptors on the oocyte's plasma membrane. (lumenlearning.com)
The membrane that constitutes the swine sperm is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is important to maintain sperm fluidity and flexibility( 1 1 Surai, PF. (scielo.br)
On the other hand, this lipid membrane makes the sperm cell sensitive to oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)( 2 2 Sheweita SA, Tilmisany AM, Al-Sawaf H. Mechanisms ofmale infertility: role of antioxidants. (scielo.br)
GPx is part of the membrane defense system, protecting the integrity of the sperm cell from oxidative damage( 3 3 Drevet JR. The antioxidant glutathione peroxidase family andspermatozoa: a complex story. (scielo.br)
Sperm-egg interactions occur at multiple levels on the egg surface, first with the egg's extracellular matrix and then with the egg's plasma membrane. (bioone.org)
Special proteins -- known as membrane transporters -- are key to the mobility of sperm cells. (womenshealthdaily.com)

Human sperm cells can survive within the female reproductive tract for more than 5 days post coitus. (wikipedia.org)
The sperm can survive for up to two days outside the male body and 72 hours in the female reproductive tract. (fertiligy.com)
During the journey, fluids in the female reproductive tract prepare the sperm for fertilization through a process called capacitation , or priming. (lumenlearning.com)
Sperm cells can live inside the female reproductive tract for up to five days. (whatfuture.net)
The function of the male reproductive system ( Figure 1 ) is to produce sperm and transfer them to the female reproductive tract. (bccampus.ca)

The lifespan of sperm depends on the conditions of the reproductive tract and the environment of the sperm cells. (whatfuture.net)

Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more basal plants like ferns and some gymnosperms have motile sperm. (wikipedia.org)

Once the sperm has matured, they will enter the pelvis and ejaculate. (fertiligy.com)

The authors concluded that these findings provide new insights to improve sperm cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization in the domestic and wild felids and human. (alphanano.tech)
Kruger, T.F. and Coetzee, K. (1999) found that the outcomes to be significant predictors of both fertilization rates in vitro and pregnancy. (myhealth.gov.my)
By contrast, GalT I-null sperm behave as though they are precociously capacitated, in that they demonstrate maximal binding to the zona pellucida and greatly increased sensitivity to ionophore-induced acrosome reactions without undergoing capacitation in vitro. (biologists.com)
Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)

The main sperm function is to reach the ovum and fuse with it to deliver two sub-cellular structures: (i) the male pronucleus that contains the genetic material and (ii) the centrioles that are structures that help organize the microtubule cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)
The sperms rush the ovum at the beginning of the fallopian tube . (online-sciences.com)
The ovum surrounds itself with a coat after the penetration of sperm inside it to prevent the penetration of any other sperm . (online-sciences.com)
In biological terms sexual reproduction involves the union of gametes - the sperm and the ovum - produced by two parents. (wikibooks.org)

In this paper, we describe the capacitation phenotype of sperm lacking the long isoform of β1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I), a sperm surface protein that functions as a receptor for the zona pellucida glycoprotein, ZP3, and as an inducer of the acrosome reaction following ZP3-dependent aggregation. (biologists.com)
As expected, wild-type sperm must undergo capacitation in order to bind the zona pellucida and undergo a Ca 2+ ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. (biologists.com)
The protamine status, chromatin structure, chromatin condensation, and acrosome reaction of sperm and assisted reproductive outcomes were determined in couples with different male infertility factors. (ecerm.org)

Sperm (PL: sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one). (wikipedia.org)
The male gamete , sperm, is a smaller, mobile cell that meets up with the much larger and less mobile female gamete , egg or ova. (tutordale.com)
Gamete interaction is a crucial event during fertilization when receptors on sperm bind to ligands on the extracellular coat of the egg, called the zona pellucida in mammals. (biologists.com)
Sperm is the male reproductive cell or gamete of an animal. (fertiligy.com)
Unique for its role in human reproduction, a gamete is a specialized sex cell carrying 23 chromosomes-one half the number in body cells. (bccampus.ca)

Echinoderm sperm nuclei are unusual in that chromatin fibers are clearly seen, allowing their diameter to be accurately determined. (cellimagelibrary.org)
The nuclei of both the sperm and cells of the embryo are stained purple, the tails of the. (ucsd.edu)

The cytoplasmic droplet then becomes known as excess residual cytoplasm, which can impair overall sperm function and produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to male infertility. (biomedcentral.com)
Sperm cells are highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during cellular oxidation. (mdpi.com)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced lipid peroxidation is associated with sperm function. (ijbs.com)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the human reproduction. (ijbs.com)

It may be caused by a lack of certain nutrients and exposure to different environmental factors, but, fortunately, it possible to improve sperm quality and increase the chances of conception by means of relevant dietary adjustments and the use of specific supplements. (healthandscience.eu)

The egg in humans contains two major protective layers the corona radiata containing follicular cells, and the zona pellucida. (tutordale.com)
The corona radiata needs to be enzymatically overcome by sperm before reaching the zona pellucida. (tutordale.com)
Binding to the zona pellucida clusters the sperm receptor, activating intracellular signaling cascades that stimulate the exocytosis of the acrosome. (biologists.com)
Then, upon contact with the zona pellucida, the sperm bind to receptors in the zona pellucida. (lumenlearning.com)
Some sperm undergo a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is an acrosomal reaction not triggered by contact with the zona pellucida. (lumenlearning.com)
If you consider the loss of millions of sperm between entry into the vagina and degradation of the zona pellucida, you can understand why a low sperm count can cause male infertility. (lumenlearning.com)

D) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo. (easynotecards.com)
A) Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube. (easynotecards.com)

The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell with 46 paired chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm and egg cells combine to form a diploid organism with 46 chromosomes. (fertiligy.com)
Sperm are flattened almond-shaped and contain genetic substances called chromosomes. (fertiligy.com)

clarification needed] The mammalian sperm cell can be divided in 2 parts: Head: contains the nucleus with densely coiled chromatin fibers, surrounded anteriorly by a thin, flattened sac called the acrosome, which contains enzymes used for penetrating the female egg. (wikipedia.org)
The CDs of mature non-human mammalian sperm are found at the distal end of the midpiece. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammalian sperm cells present highly specific lipidic composition, high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, plasmalogenes and sphingomyelins. (scialert.net)

How do sperm penetrate the corona radiata? (lumenlearning.com)
Once ejaculated, sperm embark on a remarkable journey through the female reproductive system to find and penetrate the egg. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

Sperm consists of several parts, including a head cap that contains the nucleus and a midpiece that contains the genetic material. (fertiligy.com)

When the cytoplasm around the sperm midpiece is present in large amounts, however, pathological effects may transpire. (biomedcentral.com)
One known cause is the retention of excess cytoplasm around the midpiece due to an arrest in spermiogenesis and incomplete cytoplasmic extrusion [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
What is more, sperm cells only contain very little cytoplasm that normally produces enzymes, which help repair cellular DNA. (healthandscience.eu)

Figures 338 (upper) and 339 (lower) from Chapter 14 (Sperm Flagellum) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Transverse sections through midpiece and principal piece of several sperm from the n. (cellimagelibrary.org)
The flagellum on the sperm cell makes it move. (fertiligy.com)
The sperm-specific ion channel CatSper is the principal calcium channel in sperm mediating the calcium influx into the sperm flagellum and acting as an essential modulator of downstream mechanisms involved in fertilization. (123dok.net)

When it comes to reproduction, a man's sperm plays a vital role. (whatfuture.net)
Studies show that in around 50% of the cases where a couple is infertile, the man's sperm cell DNA is not properly protected. (healthandscience.eu)

We previously reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), through local injection upon testicular torsion-detorsion, restored the spermatogenesis without differentiation into sperm. (biomedcentral.com)
Both sperm and egg are only haploid cells. (tutordale.com)
While sperm cells are made in the pollen, egg cells are made in the ovule, the structure that becomes the seed. (tutordale.com)
Using this criterion, any subnormally (or borderline forms) classified sperm cells are going to be indicated as abnormal. (myhealth.gov.my)
In most fish and amphibia (frogs and toads) fertilization of the egg cells takes place outside the body. (wikibooks.org)
The reproductive organs of mammals produce the gametes (sperm and egg cells), help them fertilize and then support the developing embryo. (wikibooks.org)
Because each of these reproductive cells is a haploid cell containing half of the genetic material needed to form a human being, their combination forms a diploid cell. (lumenlearning.com)
The sperm first burrow through the cells of the corona radiata. (lumenlearning.com)
After being released in the lumen of the seminif- erous tubules, sperm cells have to accomplish several challenging tasks before reaching and fertilizing the egg. (123dok.net)
Sperm cells are produced in the testicles and released during ejaculation. (whatfuture.net)
For example, sperm cells will live longer in an acidic environment than in an alkaline environment. (whatfuture.net)
This can lead to an increase in the number of abnormal sperm cells, which are not as viable for fertilization. (whatfuture.net)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
The more healthy sperm cells a man is able to produce, and the faster they are able to swim, the greater are the chances that one of them reaches its target - the egg - and fertilizes it. (healthandscience.eu)
This is most likely because this type of diet is rich in vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids that protect and nourish the sperm cells. (healthandscience.eu)
The content of nutrients in the diet affects the immature sperm cells in the testicles as well as those that are fully matured, which require a lot of energy and protection of their genetic payload. (healthandscience.eu)
All cells in the human body have a nucleus that contains our genetic coding (DNA), which is our cellular blueprint. (healthandscience.eu)
In other words, sperm cells are not able to repair their own DNA damage and are therefore highly vulnerable to oxidative stress caused by free radicals. (healthandscience.eu)
This makes the sperm cells vulnerable to something called DNA fragmentation, which not only impairs the sperm's ability to swim but may also mean that the first sperm cell to reach the egg is not necessarily the most suited one. (healthandscience.eu)
Therefore, it is vital to protect the sperm cells and their DNA against free radicals and oxidative stress, and our only shield against these threats are antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc. (healthandscience.eu)
Did you know that sperm cells are extremely vulnerable towards oxidative stress caused by free radicals, and that stress, poisoning, tobacco smoke, and radiation increase the free radical load? (healthandscience.eu)
All human cells contain selenium . (healthandscience.eu)
Sperm cells are particularly dependent on selenium, as this nutrient is a vital part of (seleno)proteins in the filament, which delivers the forward propulsion. (healthandscience.eu)
A confocal micrograph of a human embryo, with some remaining sperm cells, about five days after fertilization. (ucsd.edu)
Sperm, the microscopic wonders responsible for fertilization, are intricately structured cells. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

For 10 percent of infertile males, little or no sperm are produced. (womenshealthdaily.com)

Blueberries, known for their high antioxidant content, may protect sperm from oxidative damage, boosting their overall health. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

New research shows that epigenetic factors (factors that affect the environment of the sperm cell) determine sperm health and are therefore crucial for activating the genes of the sperm cell so the fetus can develop. (healthandscience.eu)

Sperm is a male reproductive cell that fuses with the egg to create an embryo. (fertiligy.com)

In addition, the effects of bacteriospermia on sperm quality and assisted reproductive outcomes were studied among couples with different factors of male infertility. (ecerm.org)
Testicular biopsy is indicated in azoospermic men with a normal-sized testis and normal findings on hormonal studies to evaluate for ductal obstruction, to further evaluate idiopathic infertility, and to retrieve sperm. (medscape.com)

The droplet is located in the proximal region of the midpiece in a caput-spermatozoon and in the distal region of the midpiece in a corpus-spermatozoon [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The differences between human and non-human mammals became apparent once researchers drew attention to human CDs. (biomedcentral.com)
In mammals the sperm are placed in the body of the female and the eggs are fertilized internally. (wikibooks.org)
The problem of keeping sperm at a low enough temperature is even greater in birds that have a higher body temperature than mammals. (wikibooks.org)

Transmission electron micrograph of longitudinal section through mouse spermatozoon showing characteristic hooked shape of sperm head and extremely compact DNA-protamine in the nucleus. (cellimagelibrary.org)

This implies that intracellular targets of albumin, Ca 2+ and/or HCO 3 - may be constitutively active in GalT I-null sperm. (biologists.com)
These data suggest that GalT I may function as a negative regulator of capacitation in the sperm head by suppressing intracellular signaling pathways that promote this process. (biologists.com)
Sperm intracellular cAMP levels depend on the activity of adenylyl cyclases, mostly SACY, though transmembrane-containing adenylyl cyclases are also present, and on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) whose role is to degrade cAMP into 5'-AMP. (plos.org)
It plays a key role during sperm capacitation [ 3 - 6 ] and the acrosomal exocytosis [ 7 - 10 ], where it affects different intracellular signalling pathways. (plos.org)

However, controversy exists regarding the role of different types of bacteria in decreasing sperm parameters. (ecerm.org)

MPVs were previously considered distinct from CDs and characteristic of immature sperm [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The sperm and egg combine to form an embryo after mating. (fertiligy.com)

Duration of testicular torsion and the severity of cord twisting are two key prognostic factors for sperm survival and activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Sperm survival times depend on several factors, including the environment and the health of the individual sperm. (whatfuture.net)

Recent human transcriptomic analyses revealed a very large number of testis-enriched genes, many of which are involved in spermatogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
At the same time, we found evidence for recent positive directional selection acting on several human testis-enriched genes ( MORC1 , SLC9B1 , ROPN1L , DMRT1 , PLCZ1 , RNF17 , FAM71D and WBP2NL ) that play important roles in human spermatogenesis and fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
They have two main functions: the efficient production of sperm (spermatogenesis) over a male's reproductive life span and the synthesis of hormones necessary to develop male sex characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
Human spermatogenesis requires about 70 days for a complete cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Evidence suggests that diet plays a vital role in sperm quality. (healthandscience.eu)
Environmental conditions play a substantial role in sperm health. (mensclinic-jhb.co.za)

Now, new research is shedding light on what may be going wrong in the process of sperm formation, leading to potential theories on possible treatments. (womenshealthdaily.com)
In this section, we examine each of these different structures, and discuss the process of sperm production and transport. (bccampus.ca)

In addition to abstinence, a variety of factors can affect the quality of sperm. (whatfuture.net)

The decrease in sperm production may not be realized until 1-3 months later. (medscape.com)

Human sperm diluted in buffer imaged at room temperature within two hours of ejaculation. (cellimagelibrary.org)

The purpose of this review is to compare CDs to ERC, to describe ERC's relevance to human reproduction, and to clarify its assessment and clinical importance. (biomedcentral.com)
Sexual reproduction is most commonly seen in humans, most animals, and some plants. (tutordale.com)
Human Reproduction. (myhealth.gov.my)
EDITOR'S PREFACE: The first paper in this issue of Biology of Reproduction is a minireview entitled "Getting Sperm and Egg Together: Things Conserved and Things Diverged," by Janice P. Evans. (bioone.org)

This process involves the production of several successive sperm cell precursors, starting with spermatogonia, which differentiate into spermatocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Human stem cell factor contributed the activation of Akt/GSK3 axis when sperm suffered from testicular torsion-detorsion-induced germ cell injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
In flowering plants, the sperm cell and egg cell meet and fertilization takes place in the flower. (tutordale.com)
In normal cell biology, ROS levels increase with a decreasing antioxidant response, resulting in oxidative stress which threatens sperm biology. (mdpi.com)
In other words, while the sperm cell is technically able to fertilize the egg, the egg may not develop properly because of the fragmented sperm cell DNA. (healthandscience.eu)

Cross section through a seminiferous tubule showing the developing sperm with their tails pointing into the lumen of the tubule. (ucsd.edu)

MSCs significantly reversed the imbalance of glycolysis in sperm and testis induced by testicular torsion-detorsion, as evidenced by increasing the expression of phosphoglycerate kinase 2 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-spermatogenic, activating Akt, and increasing glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which led to the increase in glycolysis cascades and ATP production. (biomedcentral.com)
This comprehensive transcriptomic data lead us to the question whether positive selection was a decisive force influencing the evolution and variability of testis-enriched genes in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Episodic diversifying selection, possibly driven by sperm competition, was not an important force driving the evolution of testis-enriched genes in the human lineage. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy7

Diseases1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes7

Motility37

Semen22

Mitochondria12

Fertility16

Morphology3

Spermatozoa20

Concentration6

Intracytoplasmic sperm inj3

Oocyte19

Zygote6

Epididymis7

Tail9

Maturation3

Mitochondrial4

Testes8

Seminal1

Membrane11

Female reproductive tract5

Reproductive tract1

Motile1

Ejaculate1

Vitro4

Ovum4

Acrosome reaction3

Gamete5

Nuclei2

Reactive4

Improve sperm1

Zona6

Occurs2

Chromosomes3

Mammalian sperm3

Penetrate2

Contains the nucleus1

Cytoplasm3

Flagellum3

Man's sperm2

Cells25

Infertile1

Oxidative damage1

Environment of the sperm1

Male reproductive cell1

Infertility2

Proximal1

Mammals3

Nucleus1

Intracellular4

Decreasing sperm parameters1

Immature1

Embryo1

Survival2

Spermatogenesis4

Role in sperm2

Process of sperm2

Quality of sperm1

Decrease in sperm1

Ejaculation1

Reproduction4

Cell6

Seminiferous1

Testis3