The production of somatostatin by the pancreatic islets, which regulates insulin and glucagon production in neighboring islet cells, is an example of paracrine regulation. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Tumors1
The current neuroendocrine classification of cells and tumors uses immunohistochemical (IHC), ultrastructural, and molecular biologic features to define members of the DNS ( 6 , 7 and 8 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
Extracellular space2
Paracrine regulation refers to the production of amines and hormones by cells that exert a local effect on the target cells by diffusion through the extracellular space. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In pancreatic islets, GLUT2 allows a rapid equilibration of glucose between the extracellular space and the interior of the cells and it may play a crucial role in the glucose signaling mechanism leading to insulin secretion (43). (justia.com)
INSULINOMA1
On the other hand, insulinoma cells that had lost their normal glucose responsiveness have low GLUT2 content, but some glucose sensitivity may be recovered after reintroducing GLUT2 expression through stable transfection of these cells (10,16). (justia.com)
Type1
[ 4 ] Lipomas and angiofibromas may often lead to the diagnosis of type 1 MEN before the endocrine manifestations. (medscape.com)
Present1
The DNS consists of a wide variety of cells that are present in the central and peripheral nervous system and in many classic endocrine organs ( Table 11.1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
Study1
The detailed study of neuroendocrine cells by Pearse ( 3 , 4 ) led to the development of the concept of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD). (basicmedicalkey.com)
Share1
These cells share the ability to produce many biologically active amines, peptides, and other substances. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Large1
Nodules are composed of irregularly large cells and sparse colloid. (teknon.es)
Amine precursor uptake3
Glucagon is a peptidic hormone mostly produced from alpha-2 cells of the pancreas and, in smaller amounts, from amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells in gastric and duodenal mucosa. (medscape.com)
[ 16 ] The term carcinoid was also used interchangeably with APUDoma, so named by Pearse in the 1960s, who developed the concept of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system after observing the ability of the secretory granules to take up and decarboxylate amino acid precursors of biogenic amines, such as serotonin and catecholamines. (medscape.com)
APUDomas or APUD tumors arise from APUD cells which have the ability of amine precursors uptake and intracellular decarboxylation, before converting them into active amines, hence the name, amine precursor uptake, and decarboxylation cells. (statpearls.com)
Syndrome3
The vast majority of glucagonomas are sporadic (80%) with the remainder associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), an inherited tumor predisposition syndrome, or Mahvash disease, an extremely rare cause of familial pancreatic α-cell hyperplasia and glucagonoma due to inactivating mutations in the glucagon receptor (GCGR) gene. (medscape.com)
12. [Sipple syndrome (bilateral phaeochromocytoma medullary C-cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland) with exceptionally prolonged clinical course]. (nih.gov)
20. [Usefulness of calcitonin measurement for the diagnosis of medullary cancer of the thyroid in a family with multiple endocrine adenoma syndrome of type IIB]. (nih.gov)
Sporadic2
2. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)--an overview and case report--patient with sporadic bilateral pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism and marfanoid habitus. (nih.gov)
5. Familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: clinical and immunohistological findings. (nih.gov)
Hyperplasia2
Familial MTC is hereditary MTC without other associated endocrinopathies, although adrenomedullary hyperplasia secondary to a germline RET mutation may still be present but undiagnosed. (medscape.com)
C-cell hyperplasia develops early in life and can be viewed as the precursor lesion for MTC, which often arises multifocally and bilaterally. (medscape.com)
Neuroendocrine1
Furthermore, neuroendocrine cells typically have neurosecretory granules. (statpearls.com)
Diagnosis1
[ 4 ] Lipomas and angiofibromas may often lead to the diagnosis of type 1 MEN before the endocrine manifestations. (medscape.com)
Multiple10
4. Mucosal neuroma, pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3. (nih.gov)
6. [A familial case of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN IIb). (nih.gov)
7. [Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: familial variant of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. (nih.gov)
9. The natural course of multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb. (nih.gov)
11. Pheochromocytoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type II: an example of the two-hit theory of neoplasia. (nih.gov)
13. [Early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type II]. (nih.gov)
16. Primary hyperparathyroidism and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). (nih.gov)
18. Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A due to a unique C609S RET mutation presents with pheochromocytoma and reduced penetrance of medullary thyroid carcinoma. (nih.gov)
19. [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A]. (nih.gov)
First reported in 1963 by Wermer, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes, found in pediatric and adult patients, consist of rare, autosomal dominant mutations in genes that regulate cell growth. (medscape.com)
System3
17. [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and the APUD system]. (nih.gov)
[2] This was then disproven by the concept of the origin of APUD cells from multipotent stem cells before being implanted in different body organs, hence the diffuse endocrine system. (statpearls.com)
For patient education information, see Anatomy of the Endocrine System . (medscape.com)
Granules1
Measurement of these granules in the blood is used to determine the degree of differentiation of NETs, such as only chromogranins and synaptophysin are present in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, while chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule) are present in the lung NETs. (statpearls.com)
Originate1
1] Glucagonomas originate from the alpha-2 cells of the pancreas. (medscape.com)