Function potassium channels. Medical search. Frequent questions

As K+ passes through the pore, interactions between potassium ions and water molecules are prevented and the K+ interacts with specific atomic components of the Thr-Val-Gly-[YF]-Gly sequences from the four channel subunits [1]. (wikipedia.org)
It may seem counterintuitive that a channel should allow potassium ions but not the smaller sodium ions through. (wikipedia.org)
They allow the selective flow of potassium ions across the cell membrane, which helps to establish and maintain the resting membrane potential of cells. (medicosnotes.com)
The subunits come together to form a pore that allows the selective passage of potassium ions across the cell membrane. (medicosnotes.com)
Potassium channels help to regulate the electrical activity of cells by controlling the flow of potassium ions across the cell membrane. (medicosnotes.com)
By regulating the flow of potassium ions, potassium channels help to control the excitability of neurons and the frequency and timing of action potentials. (medicosnotes.com)
Kv7 family channels mediate a voltage-dependent outward flux of potassium ions, which contributes to the establishment of negative membrane potentials in many cell types. (aspetjournals.org)
Introduced negative charges at the HBC (G178D) in Kir2.2 channels forces opening, allowing pore wetting and free movement of permeant ions between the cytoplasm and the inner cavity. (nature.com)
These channels transport positively charged potassium atoms (ions) out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
These changes disrupt the flow of potassium ions in the inner ear and in cardiac muscle, leading to hearing loss and an irregular heart rhythm characteristic of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
On the flip side, you'll also have more potassium ions inside the cell than outside it. (howstuffworks.com)
OK, so when a cell is in the RMP stage, sodium and potassium ions are both present on either side of the membrane. (howstuffworks.com)
As the name implies, these are channels located in the membrane that grant passage to specific kinds of ions. (howstuffworks.com)
Many channels only open up and allow the transfer of ions when the cell's membrane potential has shifted by just the right amount. (howstuffworks.com)
Potassium channels modulate various cellular functions through efficient and selective conduction of K+ions. (sandia.gov)
Crystal structures of potassium channels show four K+ions bound to adjacent binding sites in the selectivity filter, while chemical intuition and molecular modeling suggest that the direct ion contacts are unstable. (sandia.gov)
The protein K2P1 (blue) regulates the flow of potassium ions (red) in and out of cells. (mskcc.org)
For the first time, Memorial Sloan Kettering investigators have revealed the three-dimensional shape of a protein called K2P1, which regulates the flow of potassium ions in and out of cells. (mskcc.org)

Here, we report that the potassium channel subunit Kv9.1 is expressed in myelinated sensory neurons, but is absent from small unmyelinated neurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
This gene encodes a sodium-activated potassium channel subunit which is thought to function in ion conductance and developmental signaling pathways. (antikoerper-online.de)
Homo sapiens potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 2 (KCNAB2), transcript variant 2, mRNA. (ucsc.edu)
Accessory potassium channel protein which modulates the activity of the pore-forming alpha subunit. (ucsc.edu)
Belongs to the shaker potassium channel beta subunit family. (ucsc.edu)

Genetic approaches include screening for behavioral changes in animals with mutations in K+ channel genes. (wikipedia.org)
Study of the altered properties of voltage-gated K+ channel proteins produced by mutated genes has helped reveal the functional roles of K+ channel protein domains and even individual amino acids within their structures. (wikipedia.org)
In channelopathies, genetic mutations in potassium channel genes can lead to abnormal potassium channel function, which can result in neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, and seizures. (medicosnotes.com)
Kv7 channels are encoded by KCNQ genes (1 through 5). (aspetjournals.org)
A mouse model study implicated alterations in bivalent genes in mutant H3.3 downstream function 20 . (nature.com)
Mutations in these genes alter the usual structure and function of potassium channels or prevent the assembly of normal channels. (medlineplus.gov)
Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). (ucsc.edu)
Several autism-risk genes affect the function of chemical synapses. (sfari.org)
Genes encoding proteins that affect neurotransmitter release, receptor function and inactivation have been implicated in autism. (sfari.org)
Genes encoding voltage-gated calcium, sodium and potassium channels that likely contribute to E/I balance have been implicated in autism. (sfari.org)

Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels open at the 'helix bundle crossing' (HBC), formed by the M2 helices at the cytoplasmic end of the transmembrane pore. (nature.com)
Spauschus A, Lentes KU, Wischmeyer E, Dissmann E, Karschin C, Karschin A: A G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel (GIRK4) from human hippocampus associates with other GIRK channels. (drugbank.com)
Iizuka M, Kubo Y, Tsunenari I, Pan CX, Akiba I, Kono T: Functional characterization and localization of a cardiac-type inwardly rectifying K+ channel. (drugbank.com)
The dominant expression of inwardly rectifying channels in cells from healthy donors is thought to support important glial cell functions such as the spatial buffering of extracellular K + . The downregulation of these channels and the less negative mean membrane potential in cells from patients should impair spatial buffering currents and neurotransmitter clearance. (arvojournals.org)
1 The removal of excess K + from areas of high neuronal activity must be mainly mediated by inwardly rectifying K + (K IR ) channels because these channels are the only K + channels with a high open-state probability at the hyperpolarized resting membrane potential characteristic for Müller cells. (arvojournals.org)
Note that whilst the 'Potassium channels' family is listed under 'Voltage-gated ion channels' two of the subfamilies, the Inwardly rectifying potassium channels and Two P domain potassium channels, are NOT voltage-gated. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Potassium channels are a class of ion channels that play an important role in regulating the electrical activity of cells, including neurons. (medicosnotes.com)
LR ingestion increased excitability (threshold for evoking action potentials) and number of action potentials per depolarizing pulse, decreased calcium-dependent potassium channel (IK(Ca)) opening and decreased the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) in sensory AH neurons, similar to the IK(Ca) antagonists Tram-34 and clotrimazole. (nih.gov)
Because amygdala neurons mediate relapse, and are highly opioid sensitive, we hypothesized that opioid withdrawal would induce adaptations in these neurons, opening a window of disrupted emotional learning circuit function. (jneurosci.org)
Your neurons , which are specialized cells in your nervous system responsible for transmitting information across the body, contain both sodium voltage-gated ion channels and potassium voltage-gated ion channels in their membranes. (howstuffworks.com)
This balance is determined in part by the number and function of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the excitability of input and output neurons and the ability of microcircuits to compensate for synaptic alterations, known as synaptic homeostasis. (sfari.org)

TASK-1 channels are sensitive to a wide array of physiological and pharmacological mediators that affect their activity such as unsaturated fatty acids, extracellular pH, hypoxia, anaesthetics and intracellular signalling pathways. (ersjournals.com)
One of the main functions of Müller cells is the spatial buffering of the extracellular K + concentration in response to rises of neuronal activity. (arvojournals.org)
Intracellular recordings from ex vivo dorsal root ganglion preparations revealed that Kv9.1 knock-down was linked to lowered firing thresholds and increased firing rates under physiologically relevant conditions of extracellular potassium accumulation during prolonged activity. (kcl.ac.uk)
To address this gap, we performed whole-genome sequencing of astrocytes exposed to elevated extracellular dopamine and combined it with evaluation of effects on astrocyte morphology and function. (jneurosci.org)

Such genetic methods allowed the genetic identification of the "Shaker" K+ channel gene in Drosophila before ion channel gene sequences were well known. (wikipedia.org)
The KCNAB1 gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. (thermofisher.com)

Potassium channels are transmembrane proteins that consist of four subunits, each containing six transmembrane helices. (medicosnotes.com)
This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. (drugbank.com)
K2P1 belongs to a group of proteins called potassium channels, which help maintain a variety of critical body functions, including the transmission of nerve signals. (mskcc.org)

The voltage-gated K+ channels that provide the outward currents of action potentials have similarities to bacterial K+ channels. (wikipedia.org)

Predicted to be part of voltage-gated potassium channel complex. (mcw.edu)

We have established that the large conductance calcium and voltage activated potassium channel (BKCa) is exclusively present in mitochondria of adult cardiomyoyctes. (osu.edu)
Proinflammatory mediators as modulators of decidual calcium channel expression and function. (nottingham.ac.uk)
ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. (ersjournals.com)
Catheterization is also performed to determine pulmonary vasoreactivity, which can be prognostic and figures in the initiation and titration of high-dose calcium channel blocker (CCB) therapy. (medscape.com)
Long-term treatment improves the quality of life and survival rate in patients who are proven responders to calcium channel blockers (CCBs). (medscape.com)

Based on sequence homology of the hydrophobic transmembrane cores, the alpha subunits of voltage-gated potassium channels are grouped into 12 classes. (wikipedia.org)

Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. (drugbank.com)

The gene encoding the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1, KCNA1, was codon-optimized for human expression and mutated to accelerate the channels' recovery from inactivation. (ucl.ac.uk)
For improved safety, this engineered potassium channel (EKC) gene was packaged into a non-integrating lentiviral vector under the control of a cell type-specific CAMK2A promoter. (ucl.ac.uk)
The potassium channel gene KCNA1 was mutated to bypass post-transcriptional editing, and packaged in a non-integrating lentivector to reduce the risk of insertional mutagenesis. (ucl.ac.uk)
These findings constitute the first report of CPe dysfunction caused by cation channel gene disruption and suggest that KCNE2 influences blood-CSF anion flux by regulating KCNQ1 and KCNA3 in the CPe. (escholarship.org)

Predicted to be involved in potassium ion transmembrane transport. (mcw.edu)

as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. (drugbank.com)
The membrane potential of the red blood cells was determined before and after cell shrinkage as the external potassium concentration at which there was no change in diSC35 fluorescence. (cdc.gov)

Ion channel gating and conductance are classically understood as separate processes. (nature.com)
In the G178D structure, the HBC gate is slightly wider than in previous structures, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate rapid wetting of the G178D pore at the HBC region, followed by further expansion and K + conductance through the channel. (nature.com)
The whole-cell and the cell-attached configurations of the patch-clamp technique were used to characterize the current densities of different K + channel types and the activity of single Ca 2+ -activated K + channels of big conductance (BK). (arvojournals.org)
In this preparation, almitrine inhibited the activity of a high-conductance (152 ± 13 pS), Ca 2+ -dependent K + channel by decreasing its open probability. (aspetjournals.org)

Kvα11.x - ether-a-go-go potassium channels: Kv11.1 (KCNH2) - hERG, Kv11.2 (KCNH6), Kv11.3 (KCNH7) Kvα12.x: Kv12.1 (KCNH8), Kv12.2 (KCNH3), Kv12.3 (KCNH4) Unable to form functional channels as homotetramers but instead heterotetramerize with Kvα2 family members to form conductive channels. (wikipedia.org)
abstract = 'Background -Loss-of-function mutations in hERG (encoding the Kv11.1 voltage-gated potassium channel) cause long QT syndrome (LQT2) due to prolonged cardiac repolarization. (ku.dk)

There are different types of potassium channels, which differ in their structure, regulation, and function. (medicosnotes.com)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 channels are known signal transduction intermediates and drug targets for regulation of smooth muscle tone. (aspetjournals.org)
The increased activity of BK channels may support the proliferative activity of gliotic cells via feedback regulation of Ca 2+ entry and membrane potential. (arvojournals.org)
The purinergic P2X 7 receptor: regulation of uterine function in labour and preterm labour. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The short QT interval syndromes (SQTS) are extremely rare congenital or very rarely acquired disorders of cardiac ion channel function or regulation that shorten ventricular myocyte action potential duration as reflected by shortening of the rate-corrected QT interval on the ECG. (msdmanuals.com)
Довідковий матеріал щодо діагностики The short QT interval syndromes (SQTS) are extremely rare congenital or very rarely acquired disorders of cardiac ion channel function or regulation that shorten ventricular myocyte action potential. (msdmanuals.com)

The high resolution crystallographic structure of the rat Kvα1.2/β2 channel has recently been solved (Protein Databank Accession Number 2A79), and then refined in a lipid membrane-like environment (PDB: 2r9r). (wikipedia.org)
When moving through the selectivity filter of the potassium channel, the water-K+ interactions are replaced by interactions between K+ and carbonyl groups of the channel protein. (wikipedia.org)
Hence the potassium cations are well "solvated" by the protein carbonyl groups, but these same carbonyl groups are too far apart to adequately solvate the sodium cation. (wikipedia.org)
Smooth muscle cells express Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 voltage-dependent potassium channels, which have each been implicated as regulators of smooth muscle contractility, though they display different sensitivities to signaling via cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). (aspetjournals.org)
The function of this protein remains unknown. (avivasysbio.com)

We measured secretion of these hormones and cardiac repolarization in response to glucose ingestion in LQT2 patients with functional mutations in hERG and matched healthy participants, testing the hypothesis that LQT2 patients have increased incretin and β cell- and decreased α cell function and thus lower glucose levels. (ku.dk)
We reported the crystal structure of a chicken Kir2.2[G178D] mutant channel 12 , in which the introduced G178D mutations at the HBC functionally stabilize the open conformation, a strategy used previously to obtain an open crystal structure of a bacterial homolog KirBac3.1 13 . (nature.com)
Mutations in K + channel sequences can lead to a variety of clinical disorders exemplifying their physiological importance [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)

A role for two-pore potassium (K2P) channels in endometrial epithelial function Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Previously, the heteromeric KCNQ1-KCNE2 K(+) channel was functionally linked to epithelial processes including gastric acid secretion and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. (escholarship.org)
8] Considering the efficacy of lithium in (Na+-K+-2Cl- pump), sodium hydrogen pump (Na+-H+ pump) treating various psychiatric disorders, one should not hesitate and the epithelial channel. (who.int)

a lot) are either sodium or potassium atoms. (howstuffworks.com)

These subunits do not conduct current on their own but rather modulate the activity of Kv channels. (wikipedia.org)
Typically, vertebrate voltage-gated K+ channels are tetramers of four identical subunits arranged as a ring, each contributing to the wall of the trans-membrane K+ pore. (wikipedia.org)
Channel mutation studies have revealed the parts of the subunits that are essential for ion selectivity. (wikipedia.org)
We expressed chimeric channels composed of different components of the Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 α -subunits in vascular smooth muscle cells to determine which components are essential for enhancement or inhibition of channel activity. (aspetjournals.org)
The present studies identify distinct functional domains that confer differential sensitivities of Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 to stimulatory and inhibitory signaling and reveal structural features of the channel subunits that determine their biophysical properties. (aspetjournals.org)
functional channels form as homo- or hetero-tetramers of α -subunits ( Delmas and Brown, 2005 ). (aspetjournals.org)
Schoots O, Wilson JM, Ethier N, Bigras E, Hebert TE, Van Tol HH: Co-expression of human Kir3 subunits can yield channels with different functional properties. (drugbank.com)

These findings may improve our understanding of the roles of these channels in smooth muscle physiology and disease, particularly in conditions where Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 are differentially expressed. (aspetjournals.org)
Our current program is aimed at deciphering molecular identity of mitochondrial ion channels, establish their localization and biophysical properties, and study their role in mitochondrial as well as cell physiology. (osu.edu)

Cumulative inactivation of voltage-gated (Kv) K(+) channels shapes the presynaptic action potential and determines timing and strength of synaptic transmission. (uni-regensburg.de)

This was accompanied by reduced duration and increased frequency of astrocytic Ca 2+ transients, but little effect on astrocytic voltage-gated potassium channel currents. (jneurosci.org)
This effect of almitrine on the Ca 2+ -dependent component of K + currents was investigated further at the single-channel level in excised patches in the inside-out configuration. (aspetjournals.org)

The Kcne2 deletion-enhanced portion of the current was inhibited by XE991 (10 μM) and margatoxin (10 μM) but not by dendrotoxin (100 nM), indicating that it arose from augmentation of KCNQ subfamily and KCNA3 but not KCNA1 K(+) channel activity. (escholarship.org)
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in the KCNQ (Kv7) subfamily are highly influential in the nervous system, muscle and epithelia. (bvsalud.org)

We show that using advanced classical models, we can accurately simulate ion channels, an important biomolecular system. (sandia.gov)

The diameter of the selectivity filter is ideal for the potassium cation, but too big for the smaller sodium cation. (wikipedia.org)
Lithium is a monovalent cation and competes with sodium osmolarity) and urine output can prevent serious at various channels like sodium-potassium 2 chloride pump consequences. (who.int)

Voltage-gated K+ channels are selective for K+ over other cations such as Na+. (wikipedia.org)

Kv1.4 channels exhibit rapid "ball-and-chain"-type inactivation gating. (uni-regensburg.de)
Here we report the solution structure and function of this "tandem inactivation domain" using NMR spectroscopy and patch clamp recordings. (uni-regensburg.de)
Together, the concerted action of ID1 and ID2 may promote rapid inactivation of Kv1.4 that is crucial for the channel function in short term plasticity. (uni-regensburg.de)
The prominence of Kv7 channels as regulators of electrical excitability may be ascribed to their unique properties, such as a very negative threshold of activation (negative to −50 mV), absence of time-dependent inactivation, and high sensitivity to signal transduction pathways that influence their probability of opening, either positively or negatively ( Delmas and Brown, 2005 ). (aspetjournals.org)

Functional analysis suggests that only ID1 may work as a pore-occluding ball domain, whereas ID2 most likely acts as a "docking domain" that attaches ID1 to the cytoplasmic face of the channel. (uni-regensburg.de)
Kir channels consist of only two transmembrane helices plus an extensive C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the channel pore. (nature.com)
TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK-1 encoded by KCNK3) belongs to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels. (ersjournals.com)

Enteric neuron excitability and ion channel activity were measured using patch clamp recordings. (nih.gov)
Diminished Kv9.1 function also augmented myelinated sensory neuron excitability, manifested as spontaneous firing, hyper-responsiveness to stimulation, and persistent after-discharge. (kcl.ac.uk)

Potassium channels are present in all types of cells and play critical roles in control of multiple physiological processes. (nature.com)
To determine differences of K + channel activity between Müller glial cells obtained from retinas of healthy human donors and of patients with retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. (arvojournals.org)
2 3 Therefore, a high expression level of K IR channels is one of the main indicators of the differentiated state of Müller cells. (arvojournals.org)
Note: In most cells, the potassium channels outnumber the sodium ones. (howstuffworks.com)
Potassium (K + ) channels have an important role in HCC, including regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance of HCC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The inhibitory effect of almitrine on Ca 2+ -dependent K + channels also was observed in GH3 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
We conclude that almitrine inhibits selectively the Ca 2+ -dependent K + channel and that in rat chemoreceptor cells, this inhibition could represent an important mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic actions of the drug. (aspetjournals.org)
In particular, O 2 -sensitive K + channels seem to be different between rabbit and rat chemoreceptor cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Coupling between sodium and proton movements in dog red blood cells was investigated directly using the fluorescent probe 3,3'- dipropylthiadicarbocyanine (diSC35) and indirectly by measurement of potassium movements through valinomycin channels. (cdc.gov)
Red blood cells were prepared from fresh blood samples from mongrel dogs and analyzed for sodium, potassium, chlorine , and water content. (cdc.gov)

Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential. (wikipedia.org)
Voltage-gated potassium channels open in response to changes in membrane potential, while ligand-gated potassium channels are activated by the binding of specific ligands, such as neurotransmitters. (medicosnotes.com)
To quote Harvard Extension School's official YouTube channel , the "difference in total charge inside and outside of the cell is called the membrane potential . (howstuffworks.com)
Once a cell's membrane potential changes - once the interior total charge fluctuates in relation to the exterior total charge - that can activate some of the relevant ion channels which are embedded in the membrane. (howstuffworks.com)

however, more systematic studies are required to determine which K + channels may be utilized for the clinical treatment of HCC, particularly in the advanced stages of the disease and in cases where patients are resistant to the existing drugs. (spandidos-publications.com)

Barium sulfate is incompatible with aluminum and potassium (Lewis 2000). (cdc.gov)
Excessive blood levels of barium result in decreased blood potassium (hypokalemia), which may cause adverse cardiovascular and muscular effects such as tachycardia, increased or decreased blood pressure, muscle weakness, and paralysis. (cdc.gov)

Disruptions in potassium channel function have been associated with several neurological diseases, including epilepsy, ataxia, and channelopathies. (medicosnotes.com)

Predicted to enable delayed rectifier potassium channel activity. (mcw.edu)
these changes in PIP 2 affinity have corresponding effects on channel activity. (aspetjournals.org)
ChIP-seq analysis broadly linked K27M to altered H3K27me3 activity including within super-enhancers, which exhibited perturbed transcriptional function. (nature.com)

Recent studies show that modulation of TASK-1 channels, either directly or indirectly by targeting their regulatory mechanisms, has the potential to control pulmonary arterial tone in humans. (ersjournals.com)
Mechanisms underlying non-prostanoid eicosanoid modulation of vascular function in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Can Occur via Loss of Function and Regulon Modulation. (uzh.ch)

Each voltage-gated ion channel will only let a particular kind of ion enter or exit the cell. (howstuffworks.com)
Lang F, Föller M, Lang KS, Lang PA, Ritter M, Gulbins E, Vereninov A and Huber SM: Ion channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. (spandidos-publications.com)
The role of Eag and HERG channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cell line Cancer Cell International. (nottingham.ac.uk)

We demonstrate a temporally dynamic pattern of genomic plasticity that triggers pronounced changes in astrocyte morphology and function. (jneurosci.org)
Can the relative influence of short-term synaptic plasticity (facilitation, depression) be distinguished from long-term synaptic plasticity in maintaining local circuit function and relevant behaviors? (sfari.org)

It recommends the The use of lithium as a gold standard drug in the management assessment of renal function at least every 12 months in of various psychiatric disorders is well established. (who.int)
aspects of renal function in patients on Lithium. (who.int)
Tredget J, Kirov A, Kirov G. Effects of chronic lithium by reduced osmolarity of urine is worsened by Lithium treatment on renal function. (who.int)
Diabetes Mellitus: To minimise the risk of hyperkalaemia in known or suspected diabetic patients, the status of renal function should be determined before initiating therapy. (janusinfo.se)

Mitochondria is a key player in pathological and physiological conditions ranging from heart failure, cancer to normal functioning of organs. (osu.edu)

Occupancy of the sub-conducting states is a function of the cytoplasmic pH, favoring the more conductive sub-states at higher pH. (nature.com)

Pincer or precision grip is vital to human hand function, and frequent use of thenar complex muscles may lead to greater oxidative stress and metabolic demands at both upper and lower motoneurons innervating the APB and FDI. (bmj.com)
In hepatic cirrhosis with ascites, Amiloride Hydrochloride usually provides adequate diuresis, with diminished potassium loss and less risk of metabolic alkalosis, when used alone. (janusinfo.se)
Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis: Potassium-conserving therapy should be initiated only with caution in severely ill patients in whom metabolic or respiratory acidosis may occur, e.g. patients with cardiopulmonary disease or decompensated diabetes. (janusinfo.se)

Careful monitoring of renal functions the most important organs affected by lithium is the kidney. (who.int)

The syndrome is caused by changes in the structure and function of certain cardiac ion channels and reduced expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in the Right Ventricle (RV), predominantly in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (VSVD), causing electromechanical abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)

In some cases, drugs that target specific potassium channels have been developed as treatments for neurological diseases, such as certain forms of epilepsy. (medicosnotes.com)
Although epilepsy surgery can be effective it is limited by risks to normal brain function. (ucl.ac.uk)
Adeno-associated viral delivery of the channel to both hippocampi was also effective in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. (ucl.ac.uk)

This review summarises our current state of knowledge of the functional role of TASK-1 channels in the pulmonary circulation in health and disease, with special emphasis on current advancements in the field. (ersjournals.com)
Ashford ML, Bond CT, Blair TA, Adelman JP: Cloning and functional expression of a rat heart KATP channel. (drugbank.com)
Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. (antikoerper-online.de)
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. (ucsc.edu)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been instrumental in the study of conduction and gating mechanisms of ion channels. (sandia.gov)

Mitochondrial membranes are known to possess several ion channels which play a key role in maintaining and regulating ionic homeostasis. (osu.edu)
Our group has discovered that the Chloride Intracellular Channel 5 (CLIC5) localizes to the inner membrane of cardiac mitochondria whereas CLIC4 is present in both membranes. (osu.edu)

Anatomy25

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