• In field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE, a kind of PFGE), it is possible to have "band inversion" - where large molecules may move faster than small molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The application of secondary pulses of defined voltage, duration, angle, and frequency can enhance the separation and resolution of very large DNA molecules by releasing DNA caught in the gel matrix. (bio-rad.com)
  • Nucleic acid electrophoresis is an analytical technique used to separate DNA or RNA fragments by size and reactivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The separation of these fragments is accomplished by exploiting the mobilities with which different sized molecules are able to pass through the gel. (wikipedia.org)
  • This relationship however breaks down with very large DNA fragments and it is not possible to separate them using standard agarose gel electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Separation of very large DNA fragments requires pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (wikipedia.org)
  • Extended runs across a low voltage gel yield the most accurate resolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Voltage is, however, not the sole factor in determining electrophoresis of nucleic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the nucleic acid is properly prepared, the samples of the nucleic acid solution are placed in the wells of the gel and a voltage is applied across the gel for a specified amount of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of factors can affect the migration of nucleic acids: the dimension of the gel pores, the voltage used, the ionic strength of the buffer, and the concentration intercalating dye such as ethidium bromide if used during electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each vector (angle of pulse) can be assigned its own voltage (field intensity) and its own switch time (duration of pulse). (bio-rad.com)
  • The nucleic acid to be separated can be prepared in several ways before separation by electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CHEF Mapper XA system lets you choose any pulse angle from 0 to 360°, which allows optimal separation of both chromosomal and plasmid DNA with one system. (bio-rad.com)
  • The types of gel most commonly used for nucleic acid electrophoresis are agarose (for relatively long DNA molecules) and polyacrylamide (for high resolution of short DNA molecules, for example in DNA sequencing). (wikipedia.org)
  • For short DNA segments such as 20 to 60 bp double stranded DNA, running them in polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) will give better resolution (native condition). (wikipedia.org)
  • The limit of resolution depends on gel composition and field strength. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CHEF Mapper XA system incorporates patented FIGE and AFIGE technologies for superior resolution from 100 bp to 10 Mb, in addition to the features of the CHEF-DR II and the CHEF-DR III systems. (bio-rad.com)
  • The gel sieves the DNA by the size of the DNA molecule whereby smaller molecules travel faster. (wikipedia.org)
  • and the mobility of larger circular DNA may be more strongly affected than linear DNA by the pore size of the gel. (wikipedia.org)
  • This relationship however breaks down with very large DNA fragments and it is not possible to separate them using standard agarose gel electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleic acid electrophoresis is an analytical technique used to separate DNA or RNA fragments by size and reactivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleic acid molecules which are to be analyzed are set upon a viscous medium, the gel, where an electric field induces the nucleic acids (which are negatively charged due to their sugar-phosphate backbone) to migrate toward the anode (which is positively charged because this is an electrolytic rather than galvanic cell). (wikipedia.org)
  • The nucleic acid to be separated can be prepared in several ways before separation by electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the nucleic acid is properly prepared, the samples of the nucleic acid solution are placed in the wells of the gel and a voltage is applied across the gel for a specified amount of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gel shows bands corresponding to different nucleic acid molecules populations with different molecular weight. (wikipedia.org)
  • The types of gel most commonly used for nucleic acid electrophoresis are agarose (for relatively long DNA molecules) and polyacrylamide (for high resolution of short DNA molecules, for example in DNA sequencing). (wikipedia.org)
  • For this reason, agarose gels have limited application for the electrophoresis of small nucleic acid fragments and most proteins. (nationaldiagnostics.com)
  • and the mobility of larger circular DNA may be more strongly affected than linear DNA by the pore size of the gel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gels prepared from agarose have a substantially larger pore size than polyacrylamide gels. (nationaldiagnostics.com)
  • Twenty-one clinical strains were chosen to cover a broad range of diversity according to geographic location, penicillin susceptibility, serotype, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) pattern. (nih.gov)
  • AquaPor HR is high resolving agarose that is also low melting used for PCR analysis , probe purification, and in-gel enzyme reactions . (nationaldiagnostics.com)
  • For short DNA segments such as 20 to 60 bp double stranded DNA, running them in polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) will give better resolution (native condition). (wikipedia.org)
  • Agarose gels can be prepared faster than polyacrylamide, but their resolution is inferior, especially for smaller molecules. (nationaldiagnostics.com)
  • Longer molecules migrate more slowly because they experience more resistance within the gel. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gel sieves the DNA by the size of the DNA molecule whereby smaller molecules travel faster. (wikipedia.org)
  • The measurement and analysis are mostly done with a specialized gel analysis software. (wikipedia.org)
  • The polymorphism obtained with FIGE was greater than those obtained with serotyping and MLEE analysis. (nih.gov)
  • Capillary electrophoresis results are typically displayed in a trace view called an electropherogram. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results indicated that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis should be an effective tool for the typing of S. pneumoniae strains, capable of subdividing serotypes or MLEE types and of tracing the origin of pneumococcal strains. (nih.gov)
  • A number of factors can affect the migration of nucleic acids: the dimension of the gel pores, the voltage used, the ionic strength of the buffer, and the concentration intercalating dye such as ethidium bromide if used during electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The limit of resolution depends on gel composition and field strength. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electroendosmosis in electrophoresis refers to the flow of water under the influence of an electric field due to immobilized charge groups on the matrix, primarily sulfate and carboxyl groups. (nationaldiagnostics.com)
  • AquaPor LM is a low melting point agarose used for sample recovery , probe purification , and in-gel PCR and ligation . (nationaldiagnostics.com)